易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠肠系膜上动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

用ＡＢＣ免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠术后７ｄ、３０ｄ、９０ｄ三时期肠系膜上动脉神经肽Ｙ能神经纤维的变化。（１）定性观察：对照组神经肽Ｙ能神经纤维呈网状攀附于血周围，分布较均匀，并见串珠状膨体，高血压组７ｄ、３０硐对照组相似，９０ｄ纤维亦呈网状，但较稀疏。（２）定量结果，对照组各时期及高血压组７ｄ３０ｄ纤维密度无明显改变，但９０ｄ明显降低。结果显示，易卒中型血管性高血压大鼠肠系膜上动脉     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠基底动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

本文用ABC免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠高血压各时期脑基底动脉神经肽Y阳性神经纤维的变化。神经纤维定量结果显示:对照组神经肽Y能神经纤维多呈环状分布,而高血压组环状纤维减少,早、中期纤维密度与对照组无明显差异,在晚期,血管壁神经纤维多为纵行,密度明显降低,与早、中期及对照组差异均显著(P<0.01)。脑卒中症状观察结果显示:对照组及高血压组早、中期均无脑卒中发生,而高血压晚期大鼠均出现不同程度的脑卒中。提示:脑基底动脉神经肽Y能神经纤维密度降低与高血压晚期发生脑卒中可能有关。     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠基底动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

本文用ＡＢＣ免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠高血压各时期脑基底动脉神经肽Ｙ阳性神经纤维的变化，神经纤维定量结果显示：对照组神经肽Ｙ能神经纤维多呈环状分布，而高血压组环状纤维减少，早、中期纤维密度与对照组无明显差异，在晚期，血管壁神经纤维多为纵行，密度明显降低，与早，中期及对照组差异均显著。     

肾血管性高血压时脑与肠系膜动脉壁CGRP能神经纤维分布的变化

目的：观察肾血管性高血压时中枢与外周动脉壁CGRP（calcitonin gene-related peptide）能神经纤维分布的变化,探讨CGRP与肾血管性高血压的关系.方法：应用免疫组织化学SABC法观察双肾双夹肾血管性高血压大鼠不同时期（术后4、8、12周）脑动脉壁和肠系膜动脉壁CGRP能神经纤维密度的变化.结果：高血压各组CGRP能神经纤维密度均高于对照组,有显著性差异（P＜0.01）;高血压组12周CGRP能神经纤维密度高于高血压组4周,有显著性差异（P＜0.01）;对照组CGRP能神经纤维较纤细,多沿血管长轴走行,高血压组CGRP能神经纤维较粗大,呈网状分布.结论：随着血压的升高,中枢与外周动脉壁CGRP能神经纤维密度增加,这可能是机体产生的一种代偿性保护机制,起着调节血压的作用.     

高脂血症大鼠大脑中动脉神经肽Y能神经纤维的变化

观察高脂血症大鼠不同时期大脑中动脉神经肽Ｙ能神经纤维的变化。方法ＡＢＣ免疫组人方法；结果（１）定性观察；对照组各时期神经肽育神经纤维多呈网状攀附于血管周围，纤维较稀疏，并有明显的串珠状膨体；高脂组纤维亦呈网状分布于血管周围，较稠密，膨体清晰可见，这种变化见一实验组各时期。     

高脂血症大鼠肠系膜上动脉NPY免疫反应性神经纤维的变化

为探讨神经肽Ｙ与动脉粥样硬化的关系，用ＡＢＣ免疫组织化学及体视学方法观察高脂血症大鼠肠系膜上动脉神经肽Ｙ免疫反应性神经纤维的变化。１．定性观察：对照组各时期神经肽Ｙ免疫反应性神经纤维呈网状攀附于血管周围，分布均匀，并见串珠状膨体；高脂组纤维呈密集网状分布，在纤维网孔中出现大量较纤维的新增生纤维，其排列较紊乱，膨体清晰可见，这种方法见于各期实验组。２．定量结果；对照组各时期纤维密度无明显２；高脂组纤     

高血压鼠脑底动脉神经肽Y能神经与颈上神经节、星状神经节的关系

目的　探讨高血压鼠脑底动脉神经肽Y能神经与颈上神经节、星状神经节的关系。方法　应用神经节切除术和免疫组织化学ABC法 ,对 16只自发性高血压鼠脑底动脉神经肽Y能神经纤维的分布进行了观察。结果　对照组自发性高血压鼠大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉和基底动脉壁上均可见神经肽Y能阳性纤维 ,纤维似曲线状 ,多呈网状走行 ,密度较高。手术Ⅰ组作双侧颈上神经节切除术 ,脑底主要动脉的阳性纤维明显减少 ;手术Ⅱ组作双侧星状神经节切除 ,脑底主要动脉壁上的阳性纤维明显减少 ;手术Ⅲ组作双侧颈上神经节和星状神经节切除术 ,脑底主要动脉的阳性纤维完全消失。结论　自发性高血压鼠脑底主要动脉的神经肽Y能神经纤维起源于双侧颈上神经节和双侧星状神经节 ,神经肽Y能神经可能在高血压发病中起作用     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠神经肽Y能神经元系统的研究

用免疫组织化学(ABC)方法,对易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠高血压早期,中期和晚期第一感觉运动区和尾壳核的神经肽Y能神经元系统进行了定量分析研究.假手术组第一感觉运动区和尾壳核神经肽Y阳性神经元密度随年龄增加而显著减少,手术组的则先减少然后保持不变.手术组和假手术组相比,高血压早期两组间神经元密度无显著性差异,中期假手术组大于手术组(P<0.05),而晚期则是手术组大于假手术组(P<0.01).研究结果提示:(1)神经肽Y能神经元功能随年龄的增加而降低;(2)第一感觉运动区和尾壳核的神经肽Y能神经元系统可能在高血压的形成和维持以及脑卒中的形成中起着重要作用;(3)高血压早期,神经肽Y能神经元对高血压没有反应;中期,高血压引起神经肽Y能神经元系统功能的降低;晚期,脑卒中导致神经肽Y能神经元功能的增强.     

大鼠椎动脉基底动脉系脑血管神经肽Y能神经与星状神经节、颈上神经节的关系

应用免疫组织化学技术 ABC法和神经节切除术 ,观察了大鼠脑底血管椎动脉、基底动脉系主要动脉分支神经肽 Y能神经纤维的起始核团。正常组大鼠脑底血管椎动脉颅内段、基底动脉和小脑上动脉均可见棕褐色的神经肽 Y能免疫反应阳性纤维 ,呈细线状 ,攀附于血管壁上。手术 I组作左侧星状神经节切除术 ,术后存活 7～ 10 d,左侧椎动脉颅内段阳性纤维基本消失 ,基底动脉和双侧小脑上动脉阳性纤维明显减少 ;右侧椎动脉颅内段阳性纤维无减少。手术 II组作双侧星状神经节切除术 ,双侧椎动脉颅内段、基底动脉和小脑上动脉阳性纤维基本消失。手术 III组作左侧颈上神经节切除术 ;手术 IV组作双侧颈上神经节切除术 ,上述各动脉阳性纤维密度未发现减少现象。手术 I、II组各组纤维密度数据与正常组者比较进行了统计学分析 ,P<0 .0 5。结果提示 :大鼠一侧星状神经节发出的神经肽 Y能神经纤维分布于同侧椎动脉颅内段、基底动脉和双侧小脑上动脉 ,即大鼠脑血管椎 -基底动脉系神经肽 Y能神经纤维主要起源于星状神经节 ,而与颈上神经节关系不大     

不同年龄高血压鼠脑底动脉神经肽Y能神经纤维的分布

目的 :为了阐明不同年龄高血压鼠脑动脉神经肽Y(NPY)能神经的分布 ,探索高血压与脑动脉NPY能神经分布的年龄相关性。方法 :应用免疫组化法和神经交点计数法 ,对 12只不同年龄高血压鼠脑动脉NPY能神经纤维分布进行观察。结果 :在 6周龄高血压鼠大脑前动脉 (ACA)和大脑中动脉 (MCA)壁上均见黑色NPY纤维 ,较细 ,曲线状 ,以纵行分布为主 ;在 15周龄高血压鼠ACA和MCA壁纤维密度较高 ,纤维走行以环行为主 ;在 3 0周龄高血压鼠ACA和MCA壁纤维走行以网状为主 ,纤维密度较 6周龄和15周龄鼠增高 ,三个年龄组纤维密度依次为 :3 0周龄鼠 >15周龄鼠 >6周龄鼠。结论 :高血压鼠脑底动脉NPY能神经纤维密度随年龄增加而增高 ,纤维走行由纵行转变成环行、网状分布。提示高血压鼠呈年龄相关性增加的血压可能与高血压鼠脑血管呈年龄相关性增加的NPY能神经相关。     

Innervation and functional changes in mesenteric perivascular calcitonin gene-related peptide- and neuropeptide Y-containing nerves following topical phenol treatment

We have previously shown that age-related reduction of innervation and function in mesenteric perivascular calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing vasodilator nerves takes place in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The present study was performed to investigate innervation and functional changes in perivascular calcitonin gene-related peptide- and adrenergic neuropeptide Y-containing nerves after topical treatment with phenol, which damages nerve fibers, around the rat superior mesenteric artery. Under pentobarbital-Na anesthesia, 8-week-old Wistar rats underwent in vivo topical application of phenol (10% phenol in 90% ethanol) or saline (sham rats) to the superior mesenteric artery proximal to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. After the treatment, the animals were subjected to immunohistochemistry of the 3rd branch of small arteries proximal to the intestine and to vascular responsiveness testing on day 3 through day 14. The innervation levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity containing fibers and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity containing fibers were markedly reduced on day 3 to day 14 and on day 5 to day 14 after the treatment, compared with those in sham-operated rats, respectively. In perfused mesenteric vascular beds isolated from phenol-treated rats, adrenergic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction and calcitonin gene-related peptide nerve-mediated vasodilation in response to periarterial nerve stimulation (2-12 Hz) were significantly decreased on day 3 and day 7. Neurogenic release of norepinephrine in phenol-treated rats on day 7 was significantly smaller that that in sham-operated rats. Nerve growth factor content in the mesenteric arteries of phenol-treated rats was significantly lower than that in sham-operated rats. Administration of nerve growth factor using osmotic mini-pumps for 7 days after the phenol treatment resulted in greater density of calcitonin gene-related peptide- and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity fibers than in phenol-treated rats and restored decreased vascular responses to periarterial nerve stimulation. These results suggest that topical phenol-treatment of the mesenteric artery effectively induces functional denervation of perivascular nerves, which can be prevented or reversed by nerve growth factor treatment.     

Adrenomedullin facilitates reinnervation of phenol-injured perivascular nerves in the rat mesenteric resistance artery

Our previous report showed that innervation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing nerves in rat mesenteric resistance arteries was markedly reduced by topical application of phenol, and that nerve growth factor (NGF) facilitates the reinnervation of both nerves. We also demonstrated that a CGRP superfamily peptide, adrenomedullin, is distributed in perivascular nerves of rat mesenteric resistance arteries. In the present study, we investigated the influence of adrenomedullin on the reinnervation of mesenteric perivascular nerves following topical phenol treatment. Under pentobarbital-Na anesthesia, 8-week-old Wistar rats underwent in vivo topical application of phenol (10% phenol in 90% ethanol) to the superior mesenteric artery proximal to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. After the treatment, the animals were subjected to immunohistochemistry of the third branch of small arteries proximal to the intestine and to vascular responsiveness testing on day 7. Topical phenol treatment caused marked reduction of the density of NPY-like immunoreactive (LI)- and CGRP-LI nerve fibers in the arteries. Adrenomedullin (360 or 1000 ng/h) or NGF (250 ng/h), which was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days using an osmotic mini-pump immediately after topical phenol treatment, significantly increased the density of CGRP-LI- and NPY-LI nerve fibers compared with saline. Treatment with adrenomedullin (1000 ng/h) or NGF restored adrenergic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction and CGRP nerve-mediated vasodilation in the perfused mesenteric artery treated topically with phenol. These results suggest that adrenomedullin, like NGF, has a facilitatory effect on the reinnervation of perivascular nerves.     

大鼠脑底动脉环含NPY、VIP、SP、CGRP神经的来源

本文应用免疫组织化学结合颈上神经节切除术探讨了支配大鼠脑底动脉的含ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经的来源，并用交点计数法进行定量分析。结果表明去左侧颈上节后，含ＮＰＹ神经Ⅲ类纤维（环行纤维）在同侧筛内动脉，大脑前动脉的中段、尾侧段，颈内动脉，大脑后动脉吻侧段，后交通支上的密度降低约５０％；Ⅰ类纤维（纵行纤维）仅在同侧后交通支上的密度有降低，而Ⅱ类纤维（斜行纤维）在各段血管上的密度基本上不变，提示脑底动脉环仅部分血管上的含ＮＰＹ神经部分来自同侧颈上节。去一侧颈上节后，脑底动脉上含ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经元无明显改变，说明支配大鼠脑底动脉的含ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经既不在颈上节起源，它们的纤维也不经过此神经节。     

自发性高血压鼠脑底动脉血管活性肠多肽能神经纤维的分布

目的 探讨肽能神经对高血压鼠脑血管的神经源性调节的形态学基础。方法 应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法和图介分析技术，观察了１０只自发性高血压鼠（ＳＨＲ）和１０只正常血压鼠脑底动脉血管活性肠多肽能神经纤维的分布。结果 在自发性高血压鼠脑的大脑前动脉、中动脉、后动脉和基底动脉及其分支均可见棕褐色的免疫反应性纤维，纤维似细曲线状，多呈网状分布，与正常血压鼠同一部位脑底动脉血管壁上的免疫反应性纤维密度比较，自发性高血压鼠大脑前动脉、中动脉和后动脉的免疫反应性纤维明显减少。结论 高血压鼠脑底动脉血管活性肠多肽能神经纤维密度的减少，提示在ＳＨＲ脑血流的自动调节作用中，由于非交感性血客扩张神经减少，导致神经源性血管扩张作用减弱，交感神经活性相对增加，表明血管活性肠多肽神经在高血压鼠脑血管的神经源性调节中起着重要的作用。     

Age-related changes in adrenaline content of rat splanchnic blood vessels

The influence of ageing on the adrenaline content of the superior mesenteric artery and vein, renal artery and vein and portal vein was studied in 3-month- (young), 12-month- (adult) and 24-month-old (old) male Wistar rats using radioenzymatic assay for the measurement of catecholamine levels. Adrenaline concentrations were unchanged in the vascular wall of the blood vessels examined in adult rats, but were significantly decreased in the vascular wall of the superior mesenteric, renal and portal veins of old rats. In contrast, no age-dependent changes of adrenaline levels were found in the vascular wall of the superior mesenteric or renal arteries. The possibility that the loss of adrenaline concentrations in the venous vascular wall may be in some way related to the cardiovascular impairment occurring with age is discussed.     

Angiotensin II type 2 receptors facilitate reinnervation of phenol-lesioned vascular calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves in rat mesenteric arteries

The present study was designed to investigate involvement of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 receptors (AT2 receptors) in restoration of perivascular nerve innervation injured by topical phenol treatment. Male Wistar rats underwent in vivo topical application of 10% phenol around the superior mesenteric artery. After phenol treatment, animals were subjected to immunohistochemistry of the third branch of small arteries, Western blot analysis of AT2 receptor protein expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and studies of mesenteric neurogenic vasoresponsiveness. Ang II (750 ng/kg/day), nerve growth factor (NGF; 20 microg/kg/day) and PD123,319 (AT2 receptor antagonist; 10 mg/kg/day) were intraperitoneally administered for 7 days using osmotic mini-pumps immediately after topical phenol treatment. Losartan (AT1 receptor antagonist) was administered in drinking water (0.025%). Phenol treatment markedly reduced densities of both calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (LI) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-LI-containing fibers. NGF restored densities of both nerve fibers to the sham control level. Coadministration of Ang II and losartan significantly increased the density of CGRP-LI-fibers but not NPY-LI-fibers compared with saline control. The increase of the density of CGRP-LI-fibers by coadministration of Ang II and losartan was suppressed by adding PD123,319. Coadministration of Ang II and losartan ameliorated reduction of CGRP nerve-mediated vasodilation of perfused mesenteric arteries caused by phenol treatment. The AT2 receptor protein expression detected in DRG was markedly increased by NGF. These results suggest that selective stimulation of AT2 receptors by Ang II facilitates reinnervation of mesenteric perivascular CGRP-containing nerves injured by topical phenol application in the rat.