超声在先天性肌性斜颈诊断及推拿治疗疗效评估中的应用

目的:探讨超声在先天性肌性斜颈诊断及推拿疗效评估中的应用价值。方法:35例先天性肌性斜颈患儿,其中男27例,女8例;年龄10d~14个月,平均(4.70±4.29)个月;根据超声表现分为四型。患儿年龄与分型之间的相关性分析使用Pearson检验;治疗前后,胸锁乳突肌厚度比率比较使用配对t检验。结果:不同分型阶段,超声表现各具特征性;患儿年龄与超声分型之间相关性分析:相关系数0.482,P=0.0030.05;治疗前后患侧胸锁乳突肌与健侧比例分别为2.10±0.55、1.40±0.33,两者之间差异有统计学意义(t=6.689,P=0.000)。结论:先天性肌性斜颈超声表现具有特征性,有助于临床诊断及疗效评估。     

重复经颅磁刺激结合“五心穴＂刺法治疗痉挛性斜颈1例

痉挛性斜颈（spasmodic torticollis，ST）是由于胸锁乳突肌、斜方肌等颈部肌群自发性不自主收缩引起头向一侧扭转或阵发性倾斜，是局限性肌张力障碍病中的一种。其病理机制尚不十分明确，目前报道多支持中枢疾患n’。当前痉挛性斜颈的治疗方法日趋多样化，以肉毒素注射较为常见，但其临床远期疗效不理想，病情反复，多数患者较为排斥。     

胆囊腺肌增生症的CT表现与诊断

目的报告胆囊腺肌增生症的MSCT表现特点,探讨CT诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的15例胆囊腺肌增生症的CT表现。15例中,弥漫型1例,节段型7例,局限型6例,混合型(局限型和节段型合并存在)1例。所有患者均先行B超检查,11例行CT平扫及多期增强扫描,4例仅行CT平扫,部分病例采用CT薄层重组及多平面重组(MPR)技术观察。结果 CT术前正确诊断13例,其中显示罗-阿氏窦(Rok itansky-Ashoff sinus,RAS)9例;B超术前仅正确诊断2例(弥漫型及局限型各1例)。CT表现为胆囊壁弥漫性或局限性增厚,部分腔内、外面毛糙不整。增强扫描后动脉期病变区黏膜及部分黏膜下组织明显强化,门静脉期及延迟期强化逐渐向肌层及浆膜面扩展,呈明显均匀或不均匀强化;增厚胆囊壁内大小不等无强化的RAS及壁内微小结石,为胆囊腺肌增生症的特征性CT征象。结论 CT对胆囊腺肌增生症具有较高诊断价值,RAS的显示及壁内结石则具有定性诊断价值;胆囊腺肌增生症分型可为临床手术治疗提供重要信息。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病的HRCT形态学表现及分型与肺功能的相关分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的高分辨率CT(HRCT)影像学表现及形态分型与肺功能试验(PFT)参数的关系.资料与方法 对40例COPD患者的HRCT表现进行形态学分型,并将分型与肺功能之间做统计学分析.结果 HRCT显示COPD形态为:正常型1例,支气管壁增厚型24例,气肿型8例,混合型7例.肺功能指标FEV1%、FEV1/FVC在支气管壁增厚型和混合型之间差异具有统计学意义,混合型患者其肺功能异常改变的程度较重.结论 COPD的HRCT影像学表现和形态学分型与气流阻塞程度具有一定的相关性.     

MRI在进行性肌营养不良中的应用价值

目的探讨进行性肌营养不良(progressive muscular dystrophy,PMD)的骨骼肌MRI表现与临床的相关性及其应用价值。资料与方法对22例经临床表现、血清肌酸激酶(CPK)、肌电图检查及开放式骨骼肌活检、组织及免疫病理学证实的PMD患者的临床及影像资料进行回顾性分析。结果各型肌病MRI受累肌肉分布特征为:杜兴型和贝克型为大腿前部肌群;肢带型2B型为大腿后部肌群;远端型中Welander型为大腿后部肌群及小腿前群、外侧群肌肉;Nonaka型为小腿前群、外侧群肌肉;Miyoshi型为小腿后部肌群;先天性为大、小腿后部肌群;强直性为大、小腿前、后肌群。MRI上的病变程度与病程无一致性关系。除假肥大型无肌肉水肿表现外,其余类型均有不同程度的肌肉水肿。结论 MRI表现提示不同的肌病类型有特定的分布,有助于临床鉴别某些类型的肌病。利用对脂肪沉积和水肿敏感的MRI序列,有助于理解肌病的病理过程,协助临床检查监测对治疗的反应。     

针刺对痉挛性偏瘫患者脊髓运动神经元兴奋性的影响

目的 :探讨针刺对脑卒中后痉挛性偏瘫患者的脊髓运动神经元兴奋性的影响。方法 :以1 1例脑中风后遗症并伴有单侧上肢痉挛性偏瘫患者为实验对象 ,分别采用针刺偏瘫肢体痉挛侧和非痉挛侧的方法 ,以诱发肌电图作为判定脊髓运动神经元兴奋性变化的客观指标。结果 :分别针刺痉挛侧和非痉挛侧后 ,患侧上肢H/Mmax均明显降低 ,与对照组比较呈非常显著性差异 ,且针刺非痉挛侧后患侧H/Mmax降低幅度大于针刺痉挛侧。结论 :针刺非痉挛侧肢体的穴位 ,对脑中风后遗症患者脊髓运动神经元异常活动的抑制效果明显好于针刺痉挛侧肢体的穴位 ,其机制可能是通过交互抑制的反射活动 ,对脊髓α运动神经元兴奋性产生了调整作用。     

多层螺旋CT和MRI对Castleman病的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)和MRI对Castleman病(CD)的诊断价值。方法对8例经病理证实为CD的MSCT和MRI表现进行回顾性分析。结果病变部位:胸部3例,颈部2例,腹膜后1例,腹膜后及盆腔同时发生1例,颈部、胸部及腋窝同时发生1例。临床分型:局灶型4例,其中1例周围见卫星灶;多中心型4例。病理类型:透明血管型7例,浆细胞型1例。MSCT或MRI表现:透明血管型CT平扫4例伴有点状、短条状及分支状钙化,其余为等密度,1例周围可见筋膜增厚,增强扫描均呈明显持续性强化,强化方式与大血管相似,1例中间可见条状低密度影;MRI检查1例,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,其内见条状低信号影,周围见条状血管影,增强扫描强化特点与CT相似。浆细胞型CT平扫表现为密度均匀,增强扫描呈轻度～中度强化。结论 CD的MSCT、MRI表现与临床类型、病理分型密切相关。MSCT和MRI对透明血管型CD的诊断具有较高的准确性,在本病的诊断中具有重要的价值;而浆细胞型缺乏特征性,确诊需要结合病理学。     

平山病的肌电图及神经传导特点

目的分析平山病的肌电图(EMG)及神经传导特点,以提高对平山病的诊断水平。方法对33例确诊平山病患者进行常规肌电图、感觉及运动神经传导速度检测。部分患者行运动神经传导分段检测。结果患者患侧上肢及对侧上肢远端肌(不包括肱桡肌)肌电图呈神经源性改变者分别为100%及97.0%。1例肱桡肌肌电图出现神经源性改变。4例出现上肢近端肌肌电图异常,其中1例累及下肢肌。上肢远端肌肌电图异常率(89.9%)明显高于上肢近端肌(6.7%)及下肢肌(1.7%)。上肢神经存在远端运动潜伏期(DML)延长及复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅下降的现象,尺神经运动传导检测CMAP波幅患侧(2.52±1.83mV)较对侧(9.82±3.57mV)明显下降(P<0.01),患侧DML值(4.25±1.33ms)与对侧上肢(3.28±0.36ms)相比无统计学差异(P=0.1135),无神经传导阻滞。结论平山病可出现电生理上的亚临床改变,神经电生理检查对其有较高的诊断价值。     

弥漫型胸膜间皮瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨弥漫型胸膜间皮瘤的CT表现.资料与方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的6例弥漫型胸膜间皮瘤患者的CT影像资料.结果 CT显示弥漫型胸膜间皮瘤的主要征象是:广泛性、不均匀胸膜增厚(6/6),纵隔侧胸膜受累(5/6),胸膜增厚＞1cm(6/6),胸膜结节(3/6)和肿块(2/6),患侧胸腔积液(5/6).此外,CT还显示了弥漫型胸膜间皮瘤累及纵隔、心包、叶间胸膜、胸壁、膈肌部位等的表现.结论 弥漫型胸膜间皮瘤的CT表现具有一定特征,因此对临床可疑病例应常规进行胸部CT检查;CT表现不仅能提示诊断,而且能够显示病变的范围和程度,对治疗方案的选择有指导意义.     

MRI对Duchenne肌营养不良的诊断价值

目的 探讨MRI对Duchenne肌营养不良的诊断价值.方法 收集确诊为Duchenne肌营养不良的男性患儿64例,行盆底(62例)、大腿(62例)、小腿(59例)(共692组肌群)MRI检查,轴位T1WI、T2 WI、SPIR及冠位T2 WI扫描.由2名高年资医生独立重点观察:(1)肢体肥大或萎缩;(2)病变肌肉对称性;(3)病变肌肉累及分布;(4)MRI信号特点(脂肪浸润或炎性水肿);(5)9例治疗后复查改变.结果 (1)肢体肥大者17例(26.56％),萎缩者12例(18.75％).(2)4例(6.25％)两侧肌群累及不对称,余肌群受累基本对称.(3)①盆肌:臀大肌受累87.10％,盆底收肌67.74％(x2=6.643,P=0.010).②大腿:股四头肌82.26％,股二头肌75.81％,半腱肌62.90％,半膜肌80.65％,缝匠肌69.23％,股薄肌22.58％(x2=67.075,P=0.000).③小腿:胫骨前肌23.73％,胫骨后肌32.20％,腓肠肌81.36％,比目鱼肌57.63％(x2=48.218,P=0.000).上述肌群均表现有脂肪浸润共352组(352/692,50.87％).其中,发现炎性水肿者203组(203/352,57.67％).≥50％伴有炎性水肿肌群见于臀大肌、股四头肌、胫骨前肌、胫骨后肌和比目鱼肌.(4)9例患者经2～5年治疗复查,MRI变化不一致.结论 MRI对Duchenne肌营养不良的检查诊断有重要作用.下肢肌肉改变应重点观察大肌群如臀大肌、股四头肌、半膜肌及腓肠肌等.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.