血压变异性对老年女性高血压患者颈动脉硬化的影响

目的探讨血压变异性对老年女性高血压患者颈动脉硬化的影响。方法选择198例诊室血压正常的女性高血压患者作为高血压组,同时选择女性正常血压者200例作为对照组。2组均行颈动脉超声检查,测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),测定24h动态血压和生化指标。结果高血压组冠心病(48.5%vs 39.5%)、脑血管病(51.0%vs 40.5%)和肾病(15.2%vs 8.5%)及颈动脉硬化(65.7%vs 26.0%)比例明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),高血压组IMT明显高于对照组[(1.18±0.31)mmvs(0.81±0.24)mm,P=0.003]。高血压组夜间平均收缩压[(159.1±13.2)mm Hg)vs(141.3±11.3)mm Hg,1mm Hg=0.133kPa],夜间收缩压标准差[(15.9±3.1)mm Hg vs(9.5±1.2)mm Hg]及夜间收缩压血压负荷[(41.4±2.2)%vs(21.3±2.6)%]明显增高,夜间舒张压标准差[(9.1±4.1)mm Hg vs(6.2±2.3)mm Hg]及夜间舒张压血压负荷[(34.7±11.2)%vs(22.6±11.5)%]明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论血压变异性增大,夜间血压增高及血压负荷的增加是女性颈动脉硬化的危险因素。     

老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰与左心室肥厚的关系

目的探讨老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰与左心室肥厚的关系。方法选择老年原发性高血压患者80例,根据24 h动态血压监测分为2组:血压晨峰值≥55 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)为晨峰组,血压晨峰值<55mm Hg为非晨峰组,每组40例,均常规行超声心动图检查,计算左心室重量指数(LVMI)。结果晨峰组24h、昼间、夜间收缩压及血压晨峰均明显高于非晨峰组(P<0.05),晨峰组LVMI明显高于非晨峰组;左心室肥厚比例明显高于非晨峰组(P<0.05)。结论老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰与左心室肥厚密切相关。     

原发性高血压患者血压变异性及昼夜节律与左室肥厚的关系

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者血压变异性及血压昼夜节律与心室肥厚的关系.方法 连续入选2010 年8 月至2012 年1 月,于中国医科大学附属第一医院心血管内科住院的原发性高血压患者共93例,根据超声心动图测量指标计算所得的左心室重量指数(LVMI)分为左心室肥厚(LVH)组与无LVH 组;再根据24 h 动态血压监测获得的结果分为血压晨峰组与无血压晨峰组,杓型血压组与非杓型血压组.分析比较24 h 血压、白昼和夜间血压均值、血压变异性、血压昼夜节律及晨峰与心室肥厚的相关性.结果 ①与无LVH 组相比,LVH 组24 小时收缩压(24 h SBP)、24 小时舒张压(24 h DBP)、白昼收缩压(dSBP)、白昼舒张压(dDBP)、夜间收缩压(nSBP)和夜间舒张压(nDBP)均升高,P<0.01;LVH 组24 小时平均收缩压标准差(24 hSSD)高于无LVH 组,P<0.05,但两组24 小时平均舒张压标准差(24 h DSD)无差别;与无LVH 组相比,LVH组夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)和夜间舒张压标准差(dDSD)升高,P<0.01;但白昼收缩压标准差(dSSD)和白昼舒张压标准差(dDSD)无差别.②血压晨峰组LVMI 高于无血压晨峰组,P<0.05;血压晨峰组LVH 比率也高于无血压晨峰组,P<0.01;与无血压晨峰组相比,血压晨峰组24 h SBP、dSBP 和nSBP 均增高,P<0.05,但两组24 h DBP、dDBP 和nDBP 无差别.③杓型血压组LVMI 低于非杓形血压组,P<0.05;杓型血压组LVH 比率低于非杓形血压组,P<0.01;与非杓形血压组相比,杓型血压组nSBP、nDBP 均降低,P<0.01;而两组24 hSBP、24 h DBP、dSBP、dDBP 差异无统计学意义.结论 原发性高血压患者LVH 的发生与血压变异性和血压晨峰密切相关.具有血压晨峰的患者和血压昼夜节律消失的非杓型高血压患者更易出现LVH.     

中国男性老老年高血压患者24h动态血压与脑小血管疾病的关系

目的探讨中国老老年原发性高血压患者24h动态血压与脑小血管疾病(SVD)的关系。方法选择原发性高血压患者106例,进行24h动态血压监测。SVD包括腔隙性脑梗死(LI)和脑白质病变(WML)。根据WML级别分为低级别WML组52例和高级别WML组54例。根据LI数目分为非LI组22例,单发LI组22例,多发LI组62例。根据血压类型分为杓型血压组10例,非杓型血压组96例。结果与低级别WML组比较,高级别WML组夜间收缩压、昼间舒张压、夜间舒张压、24h舒张压明显升高(P0.05,P0.01)。多发LI组夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压较非LI组和单发LI组明显升高[(135.5±13.5)mm Hg vs(125.6±9.0)mm Hg,(129.1±19.6)mm Hg,(67.0±8.7)mm Hg vs(61.8±5.8)mm Hg,(59.9±7.9)mm Hg,1mm Hg=0.133kPa,P0.05],夜间血压下降幅度较非LI组和单发LI组明显减小[(-3.8±6.9)%vs(3.1±6.5)%,(1.7±8.2)%,P0.01]。非杓型血压组多发LI发生率显著高于杓型血压组(62.5%vs 20.0%,P=0.024)。结论中国男性老老年原发性高血压患者异常的血压昼夜节律可能是SVD的一种危险因素。     

高龄老年高血压患者动态血压特点

目的探讨高龄老年高血压患者动态血压特点。方法选择我院心血管内科及老年医学科住院的高血压患者265例,按年龄分为高龄老年组(年龄≥80岁)94例、老年组(60～79岁)90例和60岁组81例,行动态血压监测,分析其血压节律、3个时段(24h、昼间及夜间)血压均值及血压变异性的特点。结果高龄老年组和老年组杓型血压发生率、24h舒张压、昼间舒张压、昼间平均压、夜间舒张压明显低于60岁组,反杓型血压发生率、24h脉压、昼间脉压、夜间收缩压、夜间脉压明显高于60岁组(P0.05,P0.01);高龄老年组杓型血压发生率及24h、昼间、夜间舒张压明显低于老年组[13.83%vs 26.66%,(66.17±7.39)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)vs (70.39±10.96)mm Hg,(66.90±7.55)mm Hg vs (70.88±11.68)mm Hg,(64.10±8.14)mm Hg vs (68.27±11.86)mm Hg,P0.05,P0.01],24h、夜间脉压明显高于老年组(P0.05,P0.01),昼间收缩压变异明显高于老年组和60岁组,24h收缩压变异高于60岁组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);老年组24h平均压明显低于60岁组(P0.05)。结论高龄老年高血压患者动态血压表现出血压节律异常、脉压增大、血压变异性升高等特点。     

高血压患者直立性低血压对左心室结构的影响

目的探讨高血压患者直立性低血压(OH)下降与昼夜节律、左心室结构及功能的相关性。方法选择原发性高血压患者256例,根据诊断分为OH组89例和非OH组167例。对所有受试者进行卧、立位血压测定、24h动态血压监测以及超声心动图检查。结果与非OH组比较,OH组24h平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压明显升高[(141.66±17.15)mm Hg vs(137.49±16.58)mm Hg,P0.05;(136.73±13.52)mm Hg vs(126.19±12.88)mm Hg,P0.01;1mm Hg=0.133kPa];夜间收缩压下降率、夜间舒张压下降率明显降低[(6.63±3.15)%vs(11.43±3.67)%,P0.01;(5.33±2.84)%vs(7.15±3.01)%,P0.01);OH组左心室舒张末内径、舒张期室间隔厚度、左心室收缩末内径及左心室质量指数明显升高,LVEF及每搏输出量明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 OH对高血压患者昼夜节律、左心室结构及功能产生影响。     

氯沙坦联合氨氯地平或氢氯噻嗪对肥胖高血压患者血压变异性的影响

目的比较氯沙坦联合氨氯地平或氢氯噻嗪对肥胖高血压患者血压变异性的影响。方法纳入242例肥胖高血压患者,随机分为氯沙坦联合氨氯地平组(观察组,118例)和氯沙坦联合氢氯噻嗪组(对照组,124例),观察治疗前后两组血压水平、血压晨峰、血压变异性及昼夜节律。结果 (1)两组治疗后24h平均收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、24h平均舒张压(diastole blood pressure,DBP)、白昼SBP、白昼DBP、夜间SBP、夜间DBP、晨峰SBP、晨峰DBP水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(2)对照组除24h平均舒张压变异性(diastole blood pressure vriability,DBPV)、夜间DBPV无改善(P0.05),余指标均较前改善(P0.05);观察组各项动态血压指标均较治疗前改善(P0.05)。(3)与对照组比较,观察组24h平均SBP、白昼SBP、夜间SBP、夜间DBP下降更明显(P0.05或P0.01)。(4)血压变异性指标:与对照组比较,观察组24h平均收缩压变异性(systolic blood pressure variability,SBPV)[(9.47±2.04)%vs(10.40±2.76)%]、白昼SBPV[(10.62±2.41)%vs(11.28±2.31)%]、夜间SBPV[(8.34±2.53)%vs(10.55±2.63)%]、夜间DBPV[(10.37±2.12)%vs(12.68±2.64)%];昼夜节律[(9.54±1.24)%vs(6.25±1.12)%]改善更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论氯沙坦联合氨氯地平或氢氯噻嗪均能改善肥胖高血压患者血压变异性,但氯沙坦联合氨氯地平效果更佳,尤其在降低夜间血压上更具优势。     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选择2016年9月～2018年6月青岛大学附属医院保健科住院的老年高血压患者117例,根据24h动态血压监测结果分为杓型组24例和异常昼夜节律组93例,异常昼夜节律组又分为非杓型组67例,反杓型组26例。所有患者行颈动脉超声检查,检测左右颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉斑块及管腔狭窄情况,对颈动脉粥样硬化进行分级。测定患者空腹血糖,血脂,同型半胱氨酸,记录24h收缩压、24h舒张压、昼间收缩压、昼间舒张压、夜间收缩压和夜间舒张压。结果异常昼夜节律组左侧IMT、右侧IMT、斑块发生率和颈动脉粥样硬化程度明显高于杓型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。反杓型组夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压明显高于非杓型组[(132.92±15.75)mm Hg vs (122.85±14.91)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),(72.38±8.75)mm Hg vs (64.34±9.98)mm Hg,P0.01]。非杓型组和反杓型组左侧IMT和左侧斑块发生率明显高于右侧,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化关系密切,异常血压昼夜节律损伤靶器官概率更大,并且对左侧颈动脉内膜损害较右侧明显。     

原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律及夜间血压与阵发性心房颤动的相关性

目的探讨原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律及夜间血压与阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的相关性,并探讨其他危险因素对阵发性房颤的影响。方法选择原发性高血压患者411例,其中阵发性房颤组159例,窦性心律组252例,所有患者采集病史、体格检查、行动态血压、常规生化等检查。结果阵发性房颤组非杓型血压比例(96.2%vs83.7%)、夜间收缩压[(132.23±16.50)mm Hg vs(122.38±17.70)mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133kPa]、夜间脉压[(62.74±16.67)mm Hg vs(50.83±14.52)mm Hg]明显高于窦性心律组(P<0.01)。单因素相关分析显示,非杓型血压(r=0.191,P<0.01)、夜间收缩压(r=0.254,P<0.01)、夜间脉压(r=0.353,P<0.01)与阵发性房颤呈正相关;调整年龄、血脂、餐后2h血糖、24h血压、昼间血压等危险因素后,二分类logistic回归分析显示,非杓型血压、夜间收缩压升高、年龄是阵发性房颤的独立危险因素。结论非杓型血压、夜间收缩压升高是原发性高血压患者阵发性房颤的独立危险因素,与阵发性房颤发生密切相关。     

高龄老年人血压变异性与踝臂指数关系探讨

目的评价高龄老年人群血压变异性(BPV)与踝臂指数(ABI)的关系。方法入选年龄≥80岁高龄老人111例,按照ABI分为异常ABI组(ABI≤0.9或ABI>1.3)56例和正常ABI组(ABI>0.9)55例,比较2组24h动态血压参数和BPV参数;另根据血压将患者分为高血压组48例和非高血压组63例,观察2组BPV及ABI差异。logistic回归分析ABI独立危险因素。结果异常ABI组较正常ABI组24h舒张压、昼间舒张压和夜间舒张压明显降低(P<0.05),24h收缩压变异性[(12.80±2.66)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)vs(14.14±3.64)mm Hg]明显降低、夜间收缩压变异性[(11.99±4.19)mm Hg vs(9.97±4.05)mm Hg]明显增高(P<0.05)。高血压组24h收缩压变异性[(14.87±3.91)mm Hg vs(13.20±3.41)mm Hg]、夜间收缩压变异性[(12.27±5.50)mm Hg vs(10.33±3.93)mm Hg]明显增高,ABI[(0.98±0.21)vs(1.07±0.20)]明显降低(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析提示,夜间舒张压和夜间收缩压变异性为ABI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论高龄老年人群24h舒张压、昼间及夜间舒张压、24h收缩压变异性、夜间收缩压变异性可能是异常ABI的危险因素。     

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者24小时动态血压特征及靶器官损害相关研究

目的探讨动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)患者24 h动态血压、昼夜节律变化特征及靶器官损害。方法选择2014年1月~2018年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院高血压科连续住院的ARAS患者121例(ARAS组),另选择同期年龄、性别、体质量指数和高血压病程等匹配的原发性高血压(EH)患者418例(EH组),观察并比较2组诊室及24 h动态血压及靶器官损害的差异。结果与EH组比较,ARAS组诊室收缩压[(155±23)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133k Pa)vs(145±22)mm Hg,P<0.01]、诊室脉压[(75±20)mm Hg vs(65±18)mm Hg,P<0.01]、24h收缩压[(143±19)mm Hg vs(130±16)mm Hg,P<0.01]、昼间收缩压[(145±18)mm Hg vs(133±16)mm Hg,P<0.01]、夜间收缩压[(138±21)mm Hg vs(123±18)mm Hg,P<0.01]、夜间舒张压[(75±12)mm Hg vs(73±10)mm Hg,P<0.05]明显升高,差异有统计学意义。与EH组比较,ARAS组杓型血压比例明显降低,反杓型血压比例明显升高(P<0.05)。校正相关因素后,与EH组比较,ARAS组颈动脉内膜中层厚度、左心室质量指数及血浆N末端B型钠尿肽前体水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论ARAS患者收缩压及夜间血压较高,更多表现为反杓型血压。有独立于血压及肾功能水平更严重的靶器官损害。     

Morning blood pressure surge and hypertensive cerebrovascular disease: role of the alpha adrenergic sympathetic nervous system

BACKGROUND: The morning surge of blood pressure (BP) is associated with alpha-adrenergic activity. We studied the association between the alpha-adrenergic morning surge in BP and silent cerebrovascular disease in elderly patients with hypertension. METHODS: We conducted ambulatory BP monitoring three times (twice at baseline and after nighttime dosing of the alpha1-blocker doxazosin) in 98 elderly hypertensive patients in whom the presence of silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) was assessed by brain magnetic resonance imaging. The morning BP surge (MBPS) was calculated as the mean systolic BP during the 2 h after waking minus the mean systolic BP during 1 h that included the lowest sleep BP. The alpha-adrenergic MBPS was calculated as the reduction of MBPS by doxazosin. RESULTS: The prevalence of multiple SCI was higher in the Surge group (top quartile: MBPS > or = 45 mm Hg, n = 24) than in the Nonsurge group (MBPS < 45 mm Hg, n = 74) (54% v 31%, P = .04), and in the higher alpha-adrenergic surge group (top quartile: alpha-adrenergic MBPS > or = 28 mm Hg, n = 25) than in the lower alpha-adrenergic surge group (< 28 mm Hg, n = 73) (68% v 26%, P < .0001). In the Surge group, subjects with higher alpha-adrenergic surge (n = 17) had a markedly higher frequency of multiple SCI, whereas none in the lower alpha-adrenergic surge group had multiple SCI (n = 7) (77% v 0%, P = .001). The alpha-adrenergic MBPS was closely associated with multiple SCI (10 mm Hg increase: OR = 1.96, P = .006), independently of age, MBPS, 24-h systolic BP, and other confounding factors. CONCLUSION: The morning BP surge, particularly that dependent on alpha-adrenergic activity, is closely associated with advanced silent hypertensive cerebrovascular disease in elderly individuals.     

A comparison of morning blood pressure surge in African Americans and whites

African Americans have twice the risk of suffering a stroke compared to whites, but the reasons for this disparity have yet to be elucidated. Recent data suggest that the morning blood pressure (BP) surge is an independent predictor of strokes. Whether African Americans and whites differ with respect to morning BP surge is unknown. African-American (n=183) and white (n=139) participants, age 18-65, were studied with 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Morning surge was defined as morning BP minus the trough BP during sleep. The morning surge was significantly lower in African Americans than in whites (23 mm Hg vs. 27 mm Hg; both SEM=1.0; p=0.009). This relationship was no longer evident after adjusting for gender, age, and body mass index (23 mm Hg vs. 26 mm Hg; SE=1.0 and 1.1; p=nonsignificant). Morning BP surge is unlikely to account for differences in stroke incidence between African Americans and whites.     

Weather-related changes in 24-hour blood pressure profile: effects of age and implications for hypertension management

A downward titration of antihypertensive drug regimens in summertime is often performed on the basis of seasonal variations of clinic blood pressure (BP). However, little is known about the actual interaction between outdoor air temperature and the effects of antihypertensive treatment on ambulatory BP. The combined effects of aging, treatment, and daily mean temperature on clinic and ambulatory BP were investigated in 6404 subjects referred to our units between October 1999 and December 2003. Office and mean 24-hour systolic BP, as well as morning pressure surge, were significantly lower in hot (>90th percentiles of air temperature; 136+/-19, 130+/-14, and 33.3+/-16.1 mm Hg; P<0.05 for all), and higher in cold (<10th percentiles) days (141+/-12, 133+/-11, and 37.3+/-9.5 mm Hg; at least P<0.05 for all) when compared with intermediate days (138+/-18, 132+/-14, and 35.3+/-15.4 mm Hg). At regression analysis, 24-hour and daytime systolic pressure were inversely related to temperature (P<0.01 for all). Conversely, nighttime systolic pressure was positively related to temperature (P<0.02), with hot days being associated with higher nighttime pressure. Air temperature was identified as an independent predictor of nighttime systolic pressure increase in the group of elderly treated hypertensive subjects only. No significant relationship was found between air temperature and heart rate. Our results show for the first time that hot weather is associated with an increase in systolic pressure at night in treated elderly hypertensive subjects. This may be because of a nocturnal BP escape from the effects of a lighter summertime drug regimen and may have important implications for seasonal modulation of antihypertensive treatment.     

老年人脑微出血与收缩压晨峰的相关性

目的探讨收缩压晨峰对老年人脑微出血(CMB)的影响。方法 2008年4月~2009年10月于山东省医学科学院心脑血管病防治研究中心选择年龄≥60岁的健康体检的老年人408例。采用24h动态血压监测血压晨峰,根据收缩压晨峰,将受试者分为晨峰组169例[收缩压晨峰≥35mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)]和非晨峰组239例(收缩压晨峰<35mm Hg)。分别于2008~2009年(基线)、2010~2012年(随访)和2013~2015年(随访)共进行3次头颅MRI检查评估CMB。患者随访39~72(62.04±6.80)个月,将随访与基线比较,有新发CMB定义为CMB进展。用logistic回归分析影响因素,用Kaplan-Meier生存函数曲线分析,用多元Cox生存回归分析。结果晨峰组诊室收缩压、24h平均收缩压、昼间平均收缩压、昼间平均舒张压、收缩压晨峰、舒张压晨峰和LDL-C水平及CMB患病率显著高于非晨峰组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。logistic回归分析在校正相关混杂因素后,晨峰组患CMB的危险显著高于非晨峰组(OR=2.561,95%CI:1.142~5.743,P=0.019)。晨峰组累积CMB进展率显著高于非晨峰组(18.5%vs 7.6%,χ^2=7.954,Plog-rank=0.005)。在校正包括基线有无CMB在内的相关混杂因素后,晨峰组发生CMB进展的风险显著增高,是非晨峰组的2.353倍(95%CI:1.317~3.197,P=0.002)。结论收缩压晨峰是CMB患病及进展的独立危险因素,过高的收缩压晨峰促进老年人CMB的发展。     

Prognostic significance for stroke of a morning pressor surge and a nocturnal blood pressure decline: the Ohasama study

There is continuing controversy over whether the pattern of circadian blood pressure (BP) variation that includes a nocturnal decline in BP and a morning pressor surge has prognostic significance for stroke risk. In this study, we followed the incidence of stroke in 1430 subjects aged > or =40 years in Ohasama, Japan, for an average of 10.4 years. The association between stroke risk and the pattern of circadian BP variation was analyzed with a Cox proportional hazards model after adjustment for possible confounding factors. There was no significant association between total stroke risk and the nocturnal decline in BP (percentage decline from diurnal level) or between total stroke risk and the morning pressor surge. The cerebral infarction risk was significantly higher in subjects with a <10% nocturnal decline in BP as compared with subjects who had a > or =10% nocturnal decline in BP (P=0.04). The morning pressor surge was not associated with a risk of cerebral infarction. On the other hand, an increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage was observed in subjects with a large morning pressor surge (> or =25 mm Hg; P=0.04). Intracerebral hemorrhage was also observed more frequently in extreme dippers (those with a > or =20% nocturnal decline in BP) than dippers (those with a 10% to 19% decline; P=0.02). A disturbed nocturnal decline in BP is associated with cerebral infarction, whereas a large morning pressor surge and a large nocturnal decline in BP, which are analogous to a large diurnal increase in BP, are both associated with cerebral hemorrhage.     

左旋氨氯地平的时间药理学对纠正老年非杓型高血压的作用

目的按照时间治疗学的原则,探讨不同时间服用长效钙拮抗剂(CCB)左旋氨氯地平对老年非杓型高血压患者血压的影响。方法采用90217型无创动态血压监测仪,动态血压监测的方法筛选出54例入选前≥4周未使用二氢吡啶类CCB的老年非杓型高血压患者,随机分为左旋氨氯地平晨起服药组(n=28)和晚上服药组(n=26),2.5mg/d,共治疗48周。药物治疗前后分别进行诊室血压和动态血压监测的检查。结果1)不同时间服药组的诊室收缩压(SBP)在治疗后均明显降低(P<0.05),两组间的诊室SBP在治疗前后差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2)动态血压结果显示,晨起服药及夜间服药均能降低夜间SBP(P<0.05,P<0.01),夜间服药更能有效地降低全天的SBP。3)晨起服药组的白天血压达标率(SBP<135mmHg)为39.3%,晚上服药组的白天血压达标率为30.8%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。晨起服药组的夜间血压达标率(SBP<125mmHg)为28.6%,晚上服药组的夜间血压达标率为61.5%,差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。4)两组间纠正血压昼夜节律异常(由非杓型纠正为杓型)比例的差异有非常显著意义(晨起服药组17.9%比晚上服药组46.2%,P<0.01)。结论对于非杓型老年高血压患者,左旋氨氯地平在晚上服用时可以较好地纠正夜间的高负荷血压,提高夜间血压达标率。夜间及白天服用长效CCB均能有效地降低夜间血压。     

Morning blood pressure peak,QT intervals,and sympathetic activity in hypertensive patients

We investigated the relation between morning blood pressure (BP) variations, sympathetic activity, and QT intervals in 156 never-treated subjects with essential hypertension and different patterns of morning BP increase. The morning BP peak (MP) was defined as a rise in systolic BP >or=50 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP >or=22 mm Hg during early morning (6:00 to 10:00 AM) compared with mean BP during the night. Clinical characteristics of patients with morning BP peak (MP+, n= 69, morning systolic BP=+54+/-4, diastolic BP=+32+/-5 mm Hg) did not differ from patients without BP peak (MP-, n= 87, morning systolic BP=+24+/-5, diastolic BP=+19+/-3 mm Hg). The daytime (10:00 AM to 10:00 PM) and the nighttime (10:00 PM to 6:00 AM) BP profile did not differ between the two groups. During daytime and nighttime ECG monitoring, the corrected QT (QTc) interval, and QTc dispersion did not differ significantly between the two groups, whereas during the morning period the QT values were significantly broader in the MP+ group compared with the MP- group (P相似文献   

Both morning and evening dosing of nebivolol reduces trough mean blood pressure surge in hypertensive patients

The morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. There is insufficient evidence on the effect of nebivolol, a vasodilating β1-receptor blocker, on the MBPS when given in the morning or the evening. This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study designed to test morning vs. evening dosing of nebivolol in nondiabetic, hypertensive patients. Patients received nebivolol 5 mg/day (force-titrated to 10 mg/day after 1 week) in the morning or evening and corresponding placebos. Patients underwent ambulatory BP monitoring at baseline and after each treatment phase. Forty-two patients were randomized, of whom 38 completed both study periods. Both morning and evening dosed nebivolol significantly lowered daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour BP after 3 weeks of treatment. Evening (but not morning) dosing significantly reduced prewaking systolic BP from baseline (8.64 ± 26.46 mm Hg, P = .048). Nebivolol given in the morning or the evening significantly reduces 24-hour BP parameters. Evening dosed nebivolol may confer some advantage over morning dosing in reducing prewaking systolic BP.     

急性脑梗死后白细胞介素6与神经功能缺损评分的相关性及β-七叶皂甙钠的治疗作用

目的观察急性脑梗死后血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)与神经功能缺损程度评分的动态变化,探讨IL-6对急性脑梗死后神经功能恢复的影响及β-七叶皂甙钠治疗急性脑梗死的作用机制。方法选择急性脑梗死患者63例,随机分为对照组30例和治疗组33例,对照组予以脑梗死常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用β-七叶皂甙钠,在脑梗死后1、5、14d进行血清IL-6测定和美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。另选取健康体检者30例为正常组,清晨测定血清IL-6。结果治疗组和对照组患者脑梗死后1、5、14dIL-6水平较正常组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组脑梗死后14d血清IL-6水平明显低于对照组[(13.33±2.82ng/L)vs(15.25±4.65)ng/L,P<0.05];对照组和治疗组脑梗死后14d神经功能缺损评分较1、5d明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组脑梗死后14d神经功能缺损评分较对照组明显降低[(9.03±2.28)分vs(10.38±2.30)分,P<0.05];脑梗死患者血清IL-6水平与神经功能缺损评分呈正相关(r=0.888,P<0.01)。结论急性脑梗死后血清IL-6水平与神经功能缺损密切相关,β-七叶皂甙钠可能通过抑制血清IL-6的增高而改善神经功能。