多发性抽动症外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群CD45RA^＋、CD45RO^＋的表达及临床意义

目的观察多发性抽动症（Tourette’s syndrome，TS）患儿外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群CD4^＋CD45RA^＋、CD4^＋CD45RA^＋细胞的表达及临床意义。方法利用流式细胞术（Flow Cytometry，FCM）检测34例TS患儿外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群CD4^＋CD45RA^＋、CD4^＋CD45RA^＋细胞的表达，同期检测35名年龄、性别无差异的健康儿童为对照。结果TS组外周血中CD4^＋CD45RA^＋细胞百分率（63．70±5．57）较正常对照组（45．39±7．70）高，t=10．29，P〈0．01；TS组外周血中CD4^＋CD45RO^＋细胞百分率（17．09±4．46）较正常对照组（41．99±8．47）低，t=11．11，P〈0．01；TS组CD4^＋CD45RA^＋／CD4^＋CD45RO^＋比值（4．32±1．51）较正常对照组（1．21±0．37）高，t=7．78，P〈0．01；TS组CD4^＋CD45RA^＋、CD4^＋CD45RO^＋双阳性率（14．63±7．56）较正常对照组（9．37±3．20）高，t=2．89，P〈0．05；均有显著统计学意义。结论TS患儿存在免疫功能紊乱，主要表现为外周血中CD4^＋CD45RA^＋细胞百分率明显增高，CD4^＋CD45RO^＋细胞百分率明显降低，TS患儿CD4^＋CD45RA^＋／CD4^＋CD45RO^＋失衡，TS患儿CD4^＋CD45RA^＋、CD4^＋CD45RO^＋双阳性率较高，这可能在TS发病机制中起着重要作用。     

RSV下呼吸道感染患儿辅助性T细胞亚群Th1／Th2及相关因子的研究

目的：探讨辅助性T淋巴细胞Th1/Th2亚群及其相关细胞因子IFN－γ,IL－4在呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）下呼吸道感染患儿发病机制中的作用。方法：用单克隆抗体双色免疫荧光FITC／PE双标记,流式细胞仪检测30例RSV下呼吸道感染患儿急性期外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs)辅助性T淋巴细胞CD4^ 及其Th1亚群CD4^ ,CD45RA^ ,Th2亚群CD4^ ,CD45RO^ 的表达,并用ELISA方法同时检测患儿血清中细胞因子IFN－γ,IL－4水平。同期检测15例年龄,性别无差异的健康婴儿为对照。结果：RSV下呼吸道感染组患儿外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞CD4^ 明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）,Th1细胞CD4^ CD45RA^ 明显下降（P＜0．05）,Th2细胞CD4^ ,CD45RO^ 虽有下降,但与对照组相比无统计学差异（P＞0．05）,Th1/Th2比值与对照组相比明显降低（P＜0．05）,RSV下呼吸道感染组患儿血清中IFN－γ,IL－4水平均有降低,以IFN－γ水平下降最为明显（P＜0．01）,IFN－γ／IL－4比值降低（P＜0．05）,结论：婴幼儿RSV下呼吸道感染急性期的免疫功能紊乱主要表现为Th1及其功能下降,Th2及其功能对增强,Th1/Th2的失衡是导致该病发生Th2样反应的重要免疫机制。     

中国部分地区HIV感染者/艾滋病患者外周血单核/巨噬细胞功能与疾病的进展关系

目的 通过对中国HIV感染者／艾滋病（AIDS）患者外周血单核／巨噬细胞标志抗原CD14及其早期活化分子CD69的研究,探讨其外周血单核／巨噬细胞的功能状态与HIV感染者疾病进程的关系。方法采集57例未经抗病毒治疗的HIV感染者／AIDS患者及32例健康人抗凝全血,运用流式细胞分析技术对CD4^＋T淋巴细胞、CD14^＋细胞及其CD69抗原表达情况进行测定,并采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测患者血浆HIV-1载量。结果（1）HIV感染者／AIDS患者外周血CD14^＋细胞颗粒度SSC值为76±16,CD69分子在CD14^＋细胞的表达率为27％±4％,均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,其中AIDS组高于HIV慢性感染（HIV）组及长期不进展（LTNP）组,HIV组高于LTNP组（P〈0．05）,LTNP组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;外周血CD14^＋细胞比例、CD14抗原水平与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。（2）HIV感染者／AIDS患者外周血CD69分子在CD14^＋细胞的表达率与CD4^＋T淋巴细胞绝对值呈明显负相关（r=-0．872,P〈0．01）,与HIV-1RNA病毒载量呈显著正相关（r=0．697,P〈0．01）。结论中国部分地区HIV／AIDS患者外周血单核／巨噬细胞的活化和吞噬功能较健康对照组有显著上升,且与疾病进展密切相关。     

艾灸对宫颈癌放疗患者外周血T细胞亚群的影响

目的：探索艾灸对宫颈癌放疗患者T细胞免疫系统的作用。方法：采用单克隆抗体（MCAb)，借助APAAP桥联酶标法，检测2组宫颈癌放疗患者外周血T细胞亚群的数量。结果：艾灸治疗2个月后宫颈癌放疗患者外周血CD3^ 、CD4^ T细胞数量较艾灸前有明显增加（P＜0．01），而CD8^ T细胞数量下降，差异显著（P＜0．05）；空白对照组CD3^ 、CD4^ T细胞数量下降，但尚无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。同时分别观察了CD4^ ／CD8^ T细胞的比值，艾灸治疗组明显上升（P＜0．05），而空白组有下降趋势，但无显著性差异。结论：艾灸对宫颈癌放疗患者外周血T细胞有保护作用及免疫调节作用。     

几种疾病的T细胞亚群检测结果分析

报道用武汉系列抗人外周血T淋巴细胞单克隆抗体检测四种疾病147例患和36例正常人的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果：肺结核组CD3^ （Cluster of Differentiation,CD)细胞和CD4^ /CD8^ 细胞比值降低，而CD8^ 细胞升高，与正常人比较差异有非常显意义（P＜0．01）；脑血管病患的CD4^ 和CD8^ 细胞均高于正常人（P＜0．01）；恶性肿瘤组CD3^ 细胞和CD4^ /CD8^ 细胞比值明显低于正常人（P＜0．01）CD8^ 细胞较正常人有所升高（P＜0．05）；自身免疫病组CD3^ 细胞低于正常人水平（P＜0．05）。结果提示这些疾病均出现了T细胞免疫功能异常现象。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者自体外周血纯化造血干细胞移植后免疫功能的变化

[目的]研究自体外周血纯化造血干细胞移植对系统性红斑狼疮患者免疫功能的影响。[方法]16例接受自体外周血纯化造血干细胞移植的系统性红斑狼疮患者列入研究。应用四色荧光分析技术动态监测移植前及移植后3、6、12个月的CD3^＋、CD45RA^＋CD4^＋、CD45RA^＋CD8^＋、CD45RO^＋CD4^＋表达的变化情况。[结果]移植后3个月CD3^＋、CD45RA^＋CD4^＋、CD45RA^＋CD8^＋、CD45RO^＋CD4^＋的表达均低于移植前,其中CD3^＋、CD45RA^＋CD8^＋、CD45RO^＋CD4^＋的表达水平差异具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。移植后6个月CD3^＋、CD45RA^＋CD8^＋、CD45RO^＋CD4^＋的表达均低于移植前（P〈0.05）。CD45RA^＋CD4^＋的表达水平高于移植前和移植治疗后3个月的,与移植后3个月的表达水平差异具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。移植后1年CD45RO^＋CD4^＋的表达水平低于移植前（P〈0.05）。CD45RA^＋CD4^＋的表达水平高于移植前和移植后3个月和6个月,与移植后3个月的表达水平差异具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。[结论]自体外周血纯化造血干细胞移植后存在免疫功能缺陷,可持续1年之久。通过流式细胞仪检测患者外周血CD3^＋、CD45RA^＋CD4^＋、CD45RA^＋CD8^＋、CD45RO^＋CD4^＋表达情况可相对定量地检测患者的胸腺再生输出功能,并通过测量新生T细胞的合成来监视胸腺功能在免疫重建中的作用,为临床干细胞移植提供有力的理论依据。     

B细胞型非何杰金氏淋巴瘤患者外周血T细胞亚群和NK细胞检测与疗效的关系

目的：研究B细胞型非何杰金氏淋巴瘤（B－NHL）患外周血T细胞亚群分布和NK细胞与疗效的关系。方法：利用流式细胞术对20位正常人和24例B－NHL患治疗前后的外周血T细胞亚群和NK细胞进行分析。结果：（1）B－NHL患外周血CD4^ T细胞亚群、NK细胞和CD4：CD8比值显低于正常人（P＜0．05）。（2）经CHOP方案治疗后有效组外周血中CD4^ T细胞数量明显升高（P＜0．01），CD4：CD8比值增大（P＜0．01）；无效组外周血T细胞亚群分布治疗前后无显区别（P＞0．05）；（3）有效组患外周血NK细胞治疗前后存在显差异（P＜0．01），无效组外周血NK细胞治疗前后不存在显差异（P＞0．05）。结论：测定B－NHL患的外周血T细胞亚群和NK细胞可作为观察疗效的有效指标之一。     

活动期狼疮肾炎外周血T、B淋巴细胞表面Fas及bcl-2表达的研究

目的：探讨活动期狼疮肾炎（lupus nephritis,LN)患者外周血中T、B淋巴细胞表面Fas及bcl-2表达的变化及其与T、B淋巴细胞凋亡变化的关系，淋巴细胞的凋亡改变对疾病活动度及肾功能的影响。方法：采用流式细胞仪对活动期LN患者外周血中T、B淋巴细胞表面Fas及bcl-2进行检测，同时测定T、B淋巴细胞的凋亡状态，分析其与LN肾功能变化，抗dsDNA疾病活动指标变化的相关性。结果：B淋巴细胞，CD8^ T细胞表面bcl-2表达明显高于正常对照组（P均＜0．01），CD4^ T细胞表面bcl-2表达降低（P＜0．05）。CD4^ ,CD8^ T细胞表面Fas表达高于正常对照组（P均＜0．05），B淋巴细胞表面Fas表达降低（P＜0．01）；B淋巴细胞凋亡百分率明显下降（P＜0．01），CD4^ T细胞百分率下降（P＜0．01），CD8^ T细胞百分率增加（P＜0．05）；LN肾功能的变化，体内抗dsDNA的增加与B淋巴细胞凋亡的减少，CD4^ T细胞的减少，CD8^ T细胞的增加均具有明显的相关性。结论：LN患者体内淋巴细胞凋亡的异常变化与淋巴细胞表面凋亡基因的异常表达相关，且在LN发生发展过程中具有重要作用。     

55例大肠癌患者化疗前后淋巴细胞亚群变化

目的分析55例大肠癌患者化疗前后21项淋巴细胞亚群变化情况。方法用三标荧光抗体对55例大肠癌患者化疗前后外周血进行标记,流式细胞仪检测并分析。结果CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD8^＋、NKT（CD3^＋CD16^＋或56^＋）、CD29^＋、CD25^＋、CD3^＋HLADR^＋细胞化疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;而CD3^＋CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值、NK（CD3^＋CD16^＋或56^＋）、CD19^＋、CD4^＋CD29^＋、CD4^＋CD25^＋、HLADR^＋、CD3^＋HLADR^-、45RA^＋、45RO^＋、CD4^＋CD45RO^＋、CD4^＋CD45RA^＋、CD28^＋、CD8^＋CD28^-和CD8^＋CD28^＋细胞化疗前后变化无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论FOLFOX4方案化疗4周期后第12天大肠癌患者外周血淋巴细胞较化疗前未显示明显细胞免疫抑制状态。     

外周血CD4+淋巴细胞及Th1/Th2细胞因子变化与HIV/AIDS疾病发展的相关性

目的探讨CD4^＋细胞计数和Th1／Th2细胞因子与HIV／AIDS病程进展的相关性。方法利用流式细胞术及ELISA法检测15例HIV感染者和26例AIDS患者外周血CD4^＋细胞及Th1／Th2细胞因子水平。结果与正常组比较，AIDS组中CD4^＋细胞数与Th1细胞因子（IFN-γ）水平显著下降（P〈0．01），而Th2细胞因子（IL-4）水平显著升高（P〈0．01）。HIV组CD4^＋细胞数较正常组显著下降（P〈0．01）。Th1细胞因子（IFN-γ）与Th2细胞因子（IL-4）水平无显著性变化（P〉0．05）。随着AIDS病情的加重。Th1细胞因子水平降低与CD4^＋细胞绝对数降低呈显著正相关（P〈0．001），Th2细胞因子水平增高与CD4~细胞的绝对数降低呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论人体感染HIV后，CD4^＋细胞计数和Th1／Th2细胞因子水平在评估AIDS的痰病严重程度中可作为一个重要指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.