小儿室间隔缺损并重度肺动脉高压的外科治疗

目的:探讨小儿室间隔缺损合并重度肺动脉高压的外科治疗。方法:全组82例,年龄6～12(8.4±2.5)岁。临床均有明显症状。其中4例为干下型,余78例为膜周型。经右室切口修补2例;肺动脉切口修补2例;右房切口修补78例。结果:全组术后死亡3例,其原因均为呼吸功能衰竭。余79例术后恢复良好,随访疗效满意。结论:小儿室间隔缺损并重度肺动脉高压的手术疗效与下列因素有关:术前准确分析体、肺循环血流动力学指标;血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂的应用;注意心肌保护及手术操作技术;有效的围手术期处理。     

单向活瓣式补片治疗室缺并发重度肺动脉高压28例分析

目的:探讨先天性心脏病室间隔缺损并发重度肺动脉高压的有效治疗方法,观察手术疗效。方法:采用自制单向活瓣补片对28例先天性室间隔缺损并发重度肺动脉高压患者进行手术治疗。结果:28例手术患者中,13例术后出现一过性右向左分流,治疗或休息后好转。1例手术后出现血尿、肾衰,术后12d因多脏器功能衰竭死亡;1例反复出现心包积液,多次行心包穿刺引流,2月后症状控制。26例恢复顺利。存活的27例病人于术后3月心脏B超复查均未见通过活瓣的右向左分流,估测肺动脉有不同程度的下降,病人自觉症状较术前改善。讨论:对室间隔缺损并发重度肺动脉高压患者,应用单向活瓣补片修补,允许室水平的右向左、阻止左向右分流,为右心起到减压作用。     

婴幼儿室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压的外科治疗

目的 探讨婴幼儿巨大室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压的手术时机及围手术期处理.方法 总结我院108例此类患儿的临床资料、术前准备情况,手术时机的选择、术中外科操作及体外循环方法、术后处理等情况.结果 全组死亡8例,其中低心排1例,肺高压危象2例;严重肺部感染2例;肾功能衰竭1例;胃液反流致呼吸道窒息1例;感染性心内膜炎1例,其余均痊愈出院.随访3～24月,生长发育改善,无远期并发征及死亡.结论 婴幼儿巨大室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压应尽早手术治疗.恰当的外科操作和围手术期处理后疗效满意.     

外科治疗婴儿室间隔缺损189例临床分析

目的　探讨婴儿室间隔缺损外科治疗适应症、手术技巧和围手术期处理要点。方法　 2 0 0 1年 7月至2 0 0 3年 6月本院连续治疗 189例婴儿室间隔缺损。患儿月龄 2～ 12月 (7.2± 3.7月 ) ,体重 2 .5～ 11.0kg(6 .1± 1.7kg) ,其中室间隔缺损位于膜周部 14 1例 ,肺瓣下 4 7例 ,膜周干下型 1例。结果　术后死亡 1例 ,死亡率0 .5 3% ,死亡原因为肺动脉高压危象。围手术期并发肺部感染 17例 ,肺动脉高压危象 6例 ,心律失常 5例 ,低心排、肺水肿 2例 ,少量残余分流 2例。对 188例存活患儿随访 2～ 4 8月 ,患儿生长发育良好 ,体重增加 ,呼吸道感染明显减少 ,无远期死亡。结论　婴儿室间隔缺损的手术治疗安全 ,效果良好。正确掌握手术时机 ,加强围手术期处理 ,提高手术技巧是手术治疗成功的关键     

室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压36例治疗体会

目的:总结室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压围手术期处理和手术指证。方法:采取中低温体外循环常规停跳修补室间隔缺损36例,并同期纠治其它心内畸形9例。结果:治愈35例(97.2%),重度肺动脉高压术后呼吸循环功能衰竭死亡1例。结论:加强室间隔缺损的围手术期处理,合理掌握其手术指证,是手术治疗效果的保证。     

室间隔缺损合并重度肺动脉高压的外科治疗

报道室间隔缺损(室缺)合并重度肺动脉高压11例,年龄5～18岁,术前均行心导管检查,Pp/Ps为0.75～0.93,平均为0.81,手术在体外循环下进行,全部经室切口修补,室缺2.0～2.5cm,无1例发生完全性房室传导阻滞。6例在术中置入Swan-Gaoz管。本组因呼衰及心低排综合征各死亡1例外余均好。强调了术前准备、术中心肌保护及加强术后管理是降低死亡率的有力措施。     

室间隔缺损阻力型肺动脉高压术后血流动力学随访观察

目的：研究先天性心脏病(先心病)左向右分流合并重度肺动脉高压术时年龄与预后的关系。方法：对室间隔缺损(室缺)合并重度肺动脉高压(全肺循环阻力增加)的40例患儿，用心导管的方法进行术前、术后1周内及术后5～7年的心脏血流动力学随访测定。56果：≤2岁组与＞2岁组比较，肺动脉／主动脉收缩压比值(Pp／Ps)及阻力之比值(Rp／Rs)和全肺阻力(PVR)及肺小动脉阻力(PAR)差弄有显著性意义，P＜0．01。≤2岁组随访中血流动力学参数完全恢复正常，而＞2岁纽则Pp／Ps、Rp／Rs接近正常，肺血管阻力未完全恢复至正常。结论：室缺合并重度肺高压要获得良好的远期疗效，消除肺血管病变的关键是年龄，早期予以手术治疗是根本的选择。     

36例小于5kg小儿危重先天性心脏病的治疗体会

目的:总结5kg以下小儿危重先天性心脏病的外科治疗及围手术期处理经验,分析其可行性,评价其临床效果.方法:2009年8月~2011年12月,我院手术治疗5kg以下危重先天性心脏病患儿36例,其中完全性房室间隔缺损6例;完全性大动脉转位3例;完全性肺静脉异位引流3例;室间隔缺损伴重度肺动脉高压21例;动脉导管未闭伴二尖瓣重度关闭不全及肺动脉重度高压2例;右室双出口2例;术前合并心功能衰竭12例、呼吸机辅助5例.术前准备1~7天,均急诊/亚急诊在全麻体外循环下行根治术.结果:围手术期死亡2例,其中1例完全性房室间隔缺损术后一周突发二尖瓣重度关闭不全,急性左心衰竭;1例完全性大动脉转位术后第三天因低心输出量综合征伴毛细血管渗漏综合征死亡.34例痊愈出院,无远期死亡.围术期发生低心输出量综合征12例,毛细血管渗漏综合征2例,肺动脉高压危象5例,弥漫性血管内凝血功能障碍1例,室间隔缺损残余分流4例.结论:低体重小儿危重先天性心脏病围术期必须树立危重意识,术前采取积极有效的手段改善患儿的整体状况,术中注重心肌的保护和精细操作达到满意的畸形矫治,围术期监护应防患于未然,及时发现和处理各种可能出现的并发症是治疗成功的关键.     

54例婴幼儿室间隔缺损修补术后围手术期的治疗体会

目的:探讨婴幼儿室同隔缺损修补术后围手术期的治疗体会.方法:总结我院1996年5月～2011年2月54例婴幼儿,月龄8～36个月,体质量6～13Kg,均在全麻插管、低温、体外循环下行心内直视下室间隔缺损修补术,同期其他畸形矫正,术后入住ICU围手术期处理的资料.结果:术后死亡1例为重度肺动脉高压合并低心排;术后并发低心...     

先天性心脏病并重度肺动脉高压的外科治疗

目的 探讨先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压的外科治疗方法。方法 19例均在体外循环下手术治疗。6例采用右胸切口,13例采用正中切口。房间隔缺损用自体心包片修补;室间隔缺损（直径1．2－3．0cm）均采用涤纶片修补;动脉导管未闭在并行循环下切开肺动脉,于导管置入Foley氏尿管注水暂时堵住血流,采用涤纶片修补或双头针褥式缝合。手术前、后应用前列腺素E1降低肺动脉压。结果 18例手术顺利,术后肺动脉压下降3．5－6．0kPa。1例术后早期死于不可复性右心功能衰竭。死亡率5．3％。结论 准确掌握手术适应证,术中减少心肌及肺血管损伤,充分的围术期处理是手术成功的关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.