共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 59 毫秒
1.
沧州市免疫规划信息管理系统实施效果评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的评估沧州市免疫规划信息管理系统实施效果,进一步完善免疫规划信息化建设。方法对该市18个县级疾病预防控制(以下简称疾控)中心、274个预防接种单位和76所产科医院接种门诊进行调查,查看2010--2012年系统数据报表,对系统的整体运转情况进行评价。结果沧州市免疫规划信息管理系统不用安装软件,操作简便,可满足产科医院、预防接种单位和疾控部门接种服务、信息监测和规划管理的需求;数据的采集和识别以儿童唯一编码为基础,可采用不同识别介质;实现了预防接种信息的共享与国家预防接种信息管理系统的数据交换;整体改变了预防接种门诊服务模式,提高了预防接种服务的工作效率。结论该系统在技术上现已发展成熟。并于2012年9月份通过河北省系统认证。对该系统推广实施应统一领导,保障投入,并强化培训和技术指导工作。 相似文献
2.
目的评估8期扩大的国家免疫规划培训的效果。方法随机抽取384名学员,进行培训前、后免疫规划知识的测试和对培训的教学环境、教材内容、教师满意度的问卷调查。结果384名学员培训后免疫规划知识知晓率比培训前有显著的提高。〈60分的学员比例从培训前的41.6%下降到培训后的1.8%,≥60分的从培训前的58.4%上升到98.2%(x^2=179.12,P=-0.00)。384名学员培训前、后免疫规划知识的平均正确率分别为60%和83%(x^2=51.32,P=-0.00)。影响培训效果的多因素分析结果显示,年龄、工作年限、民族、性别、文化程度对培训效果均有影响。工作单位的级别和培训片区对培训效果的影响无显著的统计学意义。78%的学员认为教材的编写具有科学性、易理解或能理解;81%认为教学条件能够接受;80%对教师的授课技巧非常满意或满意。学员建议培训时间和频次应增加,培训内容应结合实际案例。结论扩大的国家免疫规划需要加强对各级人员的培训,以提高预防接种服务的能力。 相似文献
3.
目的探索免疫规划综合评估方案设计及其对免疫规划工作的引导作用。方法将免疫规划评估方案的评分分为行政职能及业务管理两大类别,给予合理权重并在全区县市贯彻实施,对低于85分的非贫困县和低于80分的贫困县进行黄牌警告整改,将2001-2005年评估方案的异同以及对全区工作促进的效果进行对比分析。结果综合评估方案在2004年行政职权重提到47分后,免疫规划工作从人员工资保障到工作经费等保障性措施等分都比行政职能得分低于47分的2004年前大幅度提高.其中工作经费从2001年的0.08元增至0.17元;防保接种四室从2001年的33%增至97%;县乡两级防保人员达标率增至93%和98%;县乡两级疾控人员全额工资分别增至要求的90%和82%;免疫规划估计接种率达97.7%,比2001年增加了19%;麻疹发病率2004年首次降至2.9/10万,2006年为1.85/10万。结论加大对行政职能在免疫规划综合评估方案中的权重,引导和推进免疫规划工作,遏制免疫规划工作滑坡势头的同时使之步人可持续发展的正轨,在少数民族地区、边远山区和经济欠发达地区尤其明显。 相似文献
4.
火车旅客免疫规划知识知晓情况调查 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的了解公众对免疫规划知识的知晓情况,为今后制定有效的传播策略提供依据。方法在北京西客站随机抽取1180名乘客,采用问卷调查方法调查公众免疫规划知识的知晓情况。结果接受调查的乘客中,87.6%的人认为打预防针/吃糖丸对小孩有好处,61.0%的人知道国家免疫规划疫苗是免费的,能够全部说出5种免疫规划疫苗的占32.1%;知道儿童出生后24小时内应接种乙肝疫苗的占44.2%。知道出生后1天内要接种卡介苗疫苗的占21.0%。39.0%的调查对象知道接种第一针疫苗后建立预防接种证。64.0%的调查对象知道“接种证需要保留到上小学;60%的对象知道入学、入托时要查验预防接种证。结论公众缺乏免疫规划的基本知识是导致免疫规划疫苗接种率低的主要原因之一。文化程度与免疫规划知识的掌握情况有一定关系。在今后的工作中,要加大对文化水平相对较低人群的宣传力度,提高该人群的疾病规划知识知晓率。 相似文献
5.
黔东南苗族侗族自治州农村居民免疫规划知识调查 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
目的为探讨黔东南苗族侗族自治州农村居民有效的免疫规划知识传播方式,以便有针对性地制定传播策略。方法采用问卷调查,在黔东南苗族侗族自治州随机抽取6个县,每个县按照经济水平将各乡分3层,每层选1个乡,每个乡随机选取若干个村。结果知道出生后24h内应接种第1针乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗的占13.6%,接种第1针乙肝疫苗后应建立预防接种证的占27.8%;0~7岁儿童至少需要服4粒糖丸疫苗、接种11针疫苗的知晓率为0。结论目标人群对免疫规划的核心信息知晓率较低。乡村医生是免疫规划信息的主要传播者,应建立严格的考核和激励机制。 相似文献
6.
甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗的免疫效果与免疫策略 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
甲型肝炎 (甲肝 )减毒活疫苗 (H2 株与LA 1株 )为我国科学家首创。有效率为 6 4 %~ 87% ,抗体阳转率为 30 %~4 0 % [1 4] 。当时所用疫苗滴度偏低 ,仅为 10 5 0~ 5 5TCID50 。在随后所做的免疫原性试验中 ,我们发现抗体阳转率同疫苗滴度呈剂量效应关系 ,疫苗滴度为 10 6 83 TCID50 时 ,抗体阳转率为 97 5 % ,滴度为 10 6 17TCID50 时 ,阳转率为 79 5 % [5] ;因而提出规范化甲肝活疫苗滴度应在 10 6 5TCID50 以上。一、免疫效果1 预防效果 :(1)预防发病效果 :在河北、广西、上海等地 4 5万余名儿童中进行随机对照试验 … 相似文献
7.
贾谊军 《中国农村卫生事业管理》2009,29(6):425-427
文章作者结合免疫规划多年的实践经验,探讨防控艾滋病的有效措施。与免疫规划策略作对照,建议将免疫规划的成熟经验与手段应用在艾滋病防控中。 相似文献
8.
[目的]分析干预前后城市流动儿童家长免疫规划相关知识、态度和行为的变化,为探索有效的基层免疫规划健康教育模式提供依据。[方法]选取2个外来人口较为集中的社区,抽取暂住期在6个月以上的0~4周岁流动儿童家长234人,开展干预前调查,并在实施多形式干预后进行效果评价。[结果]健康教育干预前后,流动儿童家长免疫规划知识知晓率从43.47%提高到86.17%(χ2=1 028.87,P<0.01),具有免疫规划积极态度的比例从46.26%提高到85.15%(χ2=314.10,P<0.01),具有免疫规划积极行为的比例从42.95%提高到92.95%(χ2=268.61,P<0.01)。[结论]流动儿童家长的免疫规划知识知晓率、具有积极态度和行为的比例均偏低,健康教育干预可以显著提高流动儿童家长免疫规划的知信行,提高流动儿童免疫规划接种率。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
《Vaccine》2017,35(33):4197-4202
BackgroundIn 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) and CIOMS introduced a revised Causality Assessment Protocol (CAP) for Adverse Events following Immunization (AEFI). India is one of the first countries to adopt the revised CAP. This study describes the application of the revised CAP in India.MethodsWe describe use of CAP by India’s AEFI surveillance program to assess reported AEFIs. Using publicly available results of causality assessment for reported AEFIs, we describe the results by demographic characteristics and review the trends for the results of the causality assessment.ResultsA total of 771 reports of AEFI between January 2012 and January 2015, completed causality review by August 2016. The cases were reported as belonging to a cluster (54%; n = 302), hospitalized or requiring hospitalization (41%; n = 270), death (25%; n = 195), or resulting in disability (0.4%; n = 3). The most common combinations of vaccines leading to report of an AEFI were DTwP, Hepatitis B, and OPV (14%; n = 106), followed by Pentavalent and OPV (13%; n = 103), and JE vaccine (13%; n = 101). Using the WHO Algorithm, most AEFI reports (89%, n = 683) were classifiable. Classifiable AEFI reports included those with a consistent causal association (53%; n = 407), an inconsistent causal association (29%; n = 226) or were indeterminate causal association with implicated vaccine(s) or vaccination process (6.5%; n = 50) (Fig. 1); 88 reports remained unclassifiable.ConclusionsThe revised CAP was informative and useful in classifying most of the reviewed AEFIs in India. Unclassifiable reports could be minimized with more complete information from health records. Improvements in causality assessment, and standardization in reporting between countries, can improve public confidence in vaccine system performance and identify important vaccine safety signals. 相似文献
12.
贵州地区儿童计划免疫IEC策略效果评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的对儿童计划免疫信息、教育与传播(IEC)策略在贵州省黔东南州的试点效果进行评估,为在贵州全省推广IEC策略提供依据。方法采用社区干预试验的设计方法,于IEC策略干预前后,在试点实施地区及对照地区,采用自行设计的知、信、行问卷对当地2岁以下儿童的母亲进行调查。实施和对照地区,干预前分别调查308人和283人,干预后分别调查291人和279人。结果干预前,目标人群有关儿童计划免疫的知识、态度和行为意向均处于较低水平;干预后,实施地区目标人群的知识、态度和行为意向均有提高,提高的比例高于对照地区(P〈0.05)。在试点地区,被调查对象认可的IEC传播渠道依次是医生讲解、村干部讲解、播放计划免疫民歌VCD、宣传画、预防接种证插页。结论应在贵州全省进一步推广IEC策略,以人际传播为主,辅以多种大众传播媒介,从而达到提高预防接种率,有效预防传染病的目的。 相似文献
13.
14.
目的 通过评价儿童计划免疫信息、教育与传播(IEC)策略在贵州省黔东南州的试点实施情况及效果,探讨IEC综合策略的可行性、有效性和适宜性,为在贵州全省推广实施提供依据。方法 采用社区干预试验研究方法,分别以贵州省黔东南州实施和对照县的儿童母亲作为研究对象,在实施县进行为期8个月的干预活动。干预后,问卷调查实施县291名、对照县279名儿童母亲,同时访谈实施县村干部、乡村医生及7岁以下儿童家长。结果 干预县被调查儿童母亲有关IEC关键信息知识、态度和行为意向得分显著高于对照县。干预县儿童母亲获知计划免疫知识主要来自IEC策略的传播主体和媒介,与对照县有明显差异。从工作开展情况看,宣传画的张贴最到位,此外带插页接种证的发放率较高;被访谈村干部和乡村医生对IEC策略持认同态度。结论 IEC策略是适合当地计划免疫工作的健康传播策略,在当地推广具有可行性,但应根据当地情况适当调整。 相似文献
15.
目的 分析贵州省实施乙型肝炎疫苗(Hepatitis B vaccine,HepB)免疫策略的成本-效果。方法 根据贵州省HepB接种情况,1992年、2006年、2014年贵州省乙肝血清流行病学调查结果,计算全省不同时期HepB接种投入以及接种HepB的成本效果比值(Cost-Effectiveness Ratio,CER)。结果 贵州省1999-2016年共接种HepB 25951786剂次。全省推广使用HepB、纳入免疫规划并联合查漏补种免疫策略18年,共减少HBsAg携带者3195730例,减少慢性乙肝319573例,减少肝硬化31957例,减少肝癌3196例。1999-2016年贵州省实施HepB免疫策略总投入成本675亿元,18年间接种HepB每减少1例HBsAg携带者、慢性乙肝、肝硬化及肝癌病例需投入的成本为19013元,其中,推广使用HepB疫苗时期(1999-2002年)、纳入免疫规划并联合HepB查漏补种时期(2003-2010年)以及后HepB常规免疫时期(2011-2016年)接种HepB每减少1例HBsAg携带者、慢性乙肝、肝硬化及肝癌病例需投入的成本分别为57979元、7809元和35912元。结论 接种HepB对降低贵州省接种人群乙肝发病水平具有良好的成本-效果,2003-2010年将HepB纳入免疫规划并联合查漏补种免疫策略的成本效果最好。 相似文献
16.
目的通过对广西某县农村居民饮用地下水中化学污染物的健康风险评价,阐述目前农村居民饮用地下水水质状况和对人体健康的影响。方法选取2010年随机采集的10个自然行政村的饮用地下水检测数据,应用健康风险评价模型对通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险进行评价。结果该饮用地下水水质化学致癌物所致健康风险度大小顺序为Cr6+>As>Cd,非致癌性污染物所致风险度大小顺序为硝酸盐>铅>铜>氟化物>锰>汞>氨氮>铁>氰化物>锌>挥发酚,但均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受风险水平。结论农村居民饮用地下水水质健康风险以化学致癌物为主,应加以优先检测与控制。 相似文献
17.
《Vaccine》2015,33(1):126-132
While formulating Mycobacterium bovis BCG in lipid-based adjuvants has been shown to increase the vaccine's protective immunity, the biological mechanisms responsible for the enhanced potency of lipid encapsulated BCG are unknown. To assess whether mixing BCG in adjuvant increases its immunogenicity by altering post-vaccination organ distribution and persistence, mice were immunized subcutaneously with conventional BCG Pasteur or BCG formulated in DDA/TDB adjuvant and the bio-distribution of BCG bacilli was evaluated in mouse lungs, spleens, lymph nodes, and livers for up to 1 year. Although BCG was rarely detected in mouse livers, mycobacteria were found in mouse lungs, spleens, and lymph nodes for at least 1 year post-vaccination. However, at various time points during the 1 year study, the frequency of lung and spleen infections and the number of mycobacteria in infected organs of individual mice were highly variable. In contrast, mycobacteria were nearly always detected in the lymph nodes of vaccinated mice. While the frequency and extent of lymph node infections generally were not significantly different between mice vaccinated with adjuvanted or nonadjuvanted BCG preparations, multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of lymph node cells showed significantly higher frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IFN-γ and IFN-γ/TNF-α in mice immunized with adjuvanted BCG. Overall, our data suggest that the relationship between lymph node infection and the generation of anti-tuberculosis protective responses following BCG vaccination should be further investigated. 相似文献
18.
Challenges in the value assessment,pricing and funding of targeted combination therapies in oncology
BackgroundThe use of targeted combination therapy (TCT) is becoming the standard of care in oncology as cancers are attacked through multiple inhibition mechanisms. TCTs pose a budget challenge to health systems and an economic return challenge for companies developing them.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review to identify challenges specific to TCTs and reviewed publicly available reports by health technology assessment and pricing and reimbursement bodies. We synthesized our findings into a problem map.Results and discussionChallenges and policy solutions linked to TCTs remain almost fully unexplored; we identified few resources that explicitly addressed TCTs. Contributors to the budget challenge are found at different layers; they and include static willingness-to-pay (WTP) for TCTs and inefficiencies in managing prices of backbone therapies. Economic return challenges are related to payer-imposed restrictions, peculiarities of TCT development, and conflicting incentives of pharmaceutical companies that own constituent therapies. Consequences are delayed or restricted patient access to TCTs, disincentives for research and development, and fewer life years gained.ConclusionsMultiple issues will lead to the unsustainability of funding systems and possible conflict between stakeholders around access to TCTs. To manage these, new value assessment and attribution methodologies, modified trial designs and differentiated WTP thresholds can be considered in ways that are customized to the characteristics of different health systems. 相似文献
19.
20.
Computerized dietary assessment programs are often used for nutrition education research and practice. This article provides an informal overview of 29 dietary assessment programs mentioned in the literature covered by MEDLINE from 1996 to 2003, along with the components and capabilities of these programs derived from additional sources as needed. According to the literature, the advantages of using computers for dietary assessment include standardization of the questioning sequence, fast and easy processing, immediate results, and increased flexibility. The disadvantages include the need for typing skills and computer literacy, as well as potential bias in the responses if an interviewer is required. 相似文献