对全自动凝血分析仪检测结果的质量控制

目的探讨全自动凝血分析仪ACL-9000检测结果的质量控制方法。方法分析前的质量保证措施;ACL-9000机内质控体系L-J质控法;病人数据浮动均值法;分析后的措施。结果1530份凝血试验标本中108份有质量问题,其中采血量不符合标准者86例;血液与抗凝剂未充分混匀者19例;血液中混有肝素者3例。ACL-9000L-J质控法能对仪器状况、试剂质量起到较好的监控作用。病人数据浮动均值法可控制来源于标本本身的影响因素。重视检验报告单的填写、发送、解释环节的质量问题。结论通过分析前、中、后的全面监控,能有效地发现日常工作中的失控现象,提高凝血试验的检验质量。     

Application of automatic ultrafiltration controller with blood monitor for home hemodialysis patients

We have developed a new automatic ultrafiltration control system balanced with a blood volume (BV) monitor. This system has an algorithm that automatically controls the ultrafiltration rate (UFR), making a balance with blood volume during hemodialysis (HD). This system has been used in hospitalized chronic HD patients with some complications. The frequency of hypotension events during HD sessions was significantly reduced, demonstrating that this system controls UFR very safely. Furthermore, a personal computer connected with this system records trends in blood pressure, BV, UFR, and other values of the HD console. Records of several HD sessions are filed in a floppy disk. The electronic records are easily referred to monthly by HD staff in the clinic. The real-time data also can be sent to the HD center through a computer network system. This system could be used in patients undergoing home HD.     

血压自动控制系统应用于抗失血性休克的实验研究

本文设计的８模型血压自适应控制系统，试用于造成失血休克模型的家兔的血压自控治疗，２２只休克家兔中１８只能控制血压于预置水平。根据血压控制期间药物输注速率变化规律，可将２２只家兔分为三类，剂量上升型、剂量下降型和迟钝型。实验表明多模型血压自适应控制系统应用于失血性休克家兔的血压控制治疗是可行的，能做到剂量个体化，按需给药。在血压控制期间显示的药物输注速率变化能在一定程度上反映机体休克状况，有可能为及     

Automatic plethysmography

An automatic venous occlusion plethysmograph is described and the results of measurements of blood flow in 20 normal legs is compared with those from 31 patients with arteriosclerosis. There was a clear distinction between normal and abnormal, and some indication of the extent of disease. After clinically successful surgery an improvement in blood flow to the calf was clearly demonstrated.     

Automatic adaptive onset detection using an electromyogram with individual difference for control of a meal assistance robot

The onset detection of muscle activation is an essential issue in electromyogram (EMG) control. In this paper, a novel approach based on EMG power with automatic adaptive threshold is proposed to address this issue. The purpose is to develop an effective EMG-controlled meal assistance robot. Taking into account the individual difference such as contraction power and resting power, the threshold of onset detection is set with respect to the latest EMG signal. The results show the method is able to adjust automatically to avoid false alarms, and works well when the contraction power varies. Implementation of this EMG-controlled meal assistance robot may provide limb-deficient patients with an effective and comfortable human–machine assistance interface.     

Microsoft Excel在RIA室内质量控制中的数据自动处理和质控图自动绘制设计及应用

用Microsoft Excel对RIA室内质量控制(IQC)中的多参数(高、中、低)质控血清数据进行全自动处理和全自动绘制室内质控图。在Microsoft Excel中:AVERAGE和STDEV分别自动计算出质控血清的x、s和CV%;应用PEARSON计算出各质控血清间相关系数(r);在图表自定义系列中引入原数据自动绘制质控图;应用逻辑判定给出质控判定,导出各质控参数的质控状态、出控时间和出控数据。4年来对RIA各项目的多参数室内质控图自动绘制、质控数据自动统计计算和质量控制判定准确无误,具有速度快、易操作,实现了RIA的IQC微机自动化管理,且适用于其他各种体外标记免疫分析的IQC。     

Automatic analysis of immunocytochemically stained tissue samples

An automatic colour image segmentation and cell counting software system has been developed for immunocytochemical analysis of stained tissue samples. The system was designed to count the total number of positive and negative cells in tissue samples treated with cytokine DNA probes from pigs naturally parasitised with Taenia solium metacestodes, using in situ hybridisation. A reaction index was calculated as the ratio of the number of cells with a positive reaction to the total number of cells (positives plus negatives) for each of five different probes. The objectives of automatic counting were to improve the reproducibility of the analysis and reduce the processing time of large image batches. A fast KNN classifier was used for colour segmentation. Watershed segmentation combined with edge detection was used to isolate individual cells that were then automatically labelled, using the results of the corresponding colour segmented image. Validation was performed on 122 non-training digital images with a total of 1069 positive cells and 1459 negative cells, with the following results: a mean true positive rate of 90.2% for positive cells and a mean true positive rate of 85.4% for negative cells. The corresponding mean false positive rates were 9.6% and 6.6%. The mean reaction index error of the automatic analysis was 5.35%. The processing of each digital image took 10 s on a Pentium IV PC.     

Catheter-manometer system damped blood pressures detected by neural nets

Degraded catheter-manometer systems cause distortion of blood pressure waveforms, often leading to erroneously resonant or damped waveforms, requiring waveform quality control. We have tried multilayer perceptron back-propagation trained neural nets of varying architecture to detect damping on sets of normal and artificially damped brachial arterial pressure waves. A second-order digital simulation of a catheter-manometer system is used to cause waveform distortion. Each beat in the waveforms is represented by an 11 parameter input vector. From a group of normotensive or (borderline) hypertensive subjects, pressure waves are used to statistically test and train the neural nets. For each patient and category 5–10 waves are available. The best neural nets correctly classify about 75–85% of the individual beats as either adequate or damped. Using a single majority vote classification per subject per damped or adequate situation, the best neural nets correctly classify at least 16 of the 18 situations in nine test subjects (bionomial P=0.001). More importantly, these neural nets can always detect damping before clinically relevant parameters such as systolic pressure and computed stroke volume are reduced by more than 2%. Neural nets seem remarkably well adapted to solving such subtle problems as detecting a slight damping of arterial pressure waves before it affects waveforms to a clinically relevant degree.     

Automatic control of anesthesia using two feedback variables

A new controller of anON/OFF type was implemented for halothane anesthesia. A proportional-plus-integral controller with time-delay compensation proved not to be robust enough for the known clinical situation, as shown both in computer simulations and in animal trials. TheON/OFF controller proved to be less sensitive to parameter mismatches, and repeated animal trials showed a short response time and acceptable steady-state tracking. A method for switching the controlled effect of the drug was also developed, since anesthetic agents have multiple effects. Mean arterial blood pressure and a measure ofEEG frequency were chosen as controlled variables, both being depressed by halothane. A coordinator forces the system state as near the desired values of these variables as possible, given that only one drug is used. This work reports portions of that undertaken in fulfillment of Ph.D. degree requirements by Dr. Schils.     

Microcomputer control of canine heart rate through chronotropic drug infusion

Cardiovascular changes principally take two forms: (a) inotropic or pressure-related changes, and (b) chronotropic or rate-related changes. Although the two are not mutually exclusive in the biofeedback of a normally functioning animal, this work was concerned principally with affecting the heart rate of a dog by infusing a rate-altering drug. The purpose of this project was to design an external heart-rate control system which consisted of a dog, an infusion pump containing a chronotropic drug and an infusion-pump/heart-rate controller. Input to the system was a target heart rate. The feedback element and the system output was the dog's actual heart rate, ideally being driven to that target heart rate by the controller. A microcomputer-based system was used with proportional derivative control to accommodate the inherent plant delay. Through the use of an inline solid-state relay, on/off control was chosen because of (i) the capability to use any type of infusion pump, and (ii) the simplicity of design due to slow animal response. The experimental results have demonstrated success at overriding the dog's own biological feedback network and driving its heart rate to some artificially chosen target.     

基于激光雷达的嵌入式护理床自动对接系统

针对目前失能患者自主移动困难及传统护理搬运易造成二次伤害,本研究设计了一种基于激光雷达的嵌入式护理床自动对接系统.实现可分离式护理床的对接,要获取轮椅与床体精准的相对位姿.床椅对接分为局部定位和精准对接两步.前期利用智能轮椅自主导航移动至床体框架前部目标区域,到达目标点,后向激光雷达对预置的床体人工标志进行特征提取与局...     

情绪面孔的自动化加工

一般认为,自动加工具有快速、强制性、无意识和容量无限的特性。迄今为止,情绪面孔是否为自动加工仍存在争议。本文详细介绍了有关情绪面孔加工的快速性、强制性以及无意识状态下情绪面孔的加工、情绪面孔加工是否需要注意资源等方面的研究,并对今后的研究提出展望。     

不同实验顺序和不同厂家试剂对测定尿酸的干扰因素分析和解决方案

目的 探讨全自动生化分析仪测定尿酸(UA)时产生交叉污染的来源及避免对策.方法 筛查出对UA测定存在污染的试剂;确定干扰试剂的种类后进行试剂污染试验,检测交叉污染的情况.结果 在试剂干扰检测中发现,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)测定对UA的测定存在污染;试剂污染试验发现,HDL-C对UA检测结果有明显的正干扰.结论 全自动生化分析仪测定UA会存在项目间的交叉污染,可通过调整项目检测顺序、建立试剂针特殊清洗程序,或者更换具有抗污染成分的试剂等方法避免交叉污染.     

An Automatic Voltage Suppressor For the Measurement of Electrodermal Activity

An automatic voltage suppressor is described which increases the resolution of skin conductance and/or skin potential responses, facilitates the measurement of the corresponding levels, and prepares both electrodermal quantities for automatic data processing. The device accomplishes: 1) scanning of the levels at preset moments, 2) digital storing of these values for the corresponding time intervals, 3) subtraction of the stored values (minus an adjustable reserve) from the input signals, and 4) amplification of the difference voltages. Easy and inexpensive construction of the apparatus is possible using a minimal number of highly integrated circuits.     

Multi-objective blood glucose control for type 1 diabetes

For people with type 1 diabetes, automatic controllers aim to maintain the blood glucose concentration within the desired range of 60–120 mg/dL by infusing the appropriate amount of insulin in the presence of meal and exercise disturbances. Blood glucose concentration outside the desired range can be harmful to an individual’s health but concentration below 60 mg/dL, a state known as hypoglycemia, is considered to be more harmful than the concentration above 120 mg/dL, a state known as hyperglycemia. In this paper, two techniques to address this issue within a multi-parametric model based control framework are presented. The first technique introduces asymmetry into the objective function to penalize the deviation towards hypoglycemia more than the deviation towards hyperglycemia. The second technique is based upon placing higher priority on satisfaction of constraints on hypoglycemia than on satisfaction of constraints on hyperglycemia. The performance of both the control techniques is analyzed and compared in the presence of disturbances.     

快速血糖仪测定血糖的评价及其质量控制

目的 探讨快速血糖仪测定结果的可信性和与检验科结果的可比性,以及如何提高其质量控制方法。方法采用自身前后对照实验。对108例患者空腹血糖行Glucotrend血糖仪检测微血管全血糖(CBG)、静脉全血糖(VBG)的结果与自动生化分析仪所测得的静脉血浆糖(VPG)作对照,并用误差表格分析法和统计学方法进行相关性分析。结果CBG、VBG及VPG的血糖值分别为(5.4±1.9)mmol/L、(5.3±1.9)mmol/L、(5.7±2.1)mmol/L。CBG与VPG及VBG与VPG的平均相对误差分别为3.5％、5.0％。三组之间均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 快速血糖仪适用于患者血糖的床边监测,采取必要的措施可以保证获取可靠的结果。