带蒂骨骼肌桥接近端周围神经防治残端痛性神经瘤的实验研究

目的：探讨神经瘤的形成机制和致痛机理及周围神经与带蒂骨骼肌桥接吻合后神经瘤的生长情况。方法：Wistar大白鼠40只,随机分为实验组与对照组,两组均将左侧坐骨神经在适当水平切断,远端神经切除,实验组近端神经分为两束,用带蒂骨骼肌桥接两个神经断端,对照组近端神经置于原位。饲养16周进行检测。结果：实验组再生的神经纤维顺利通过吻合口长入骨骼肌肌桥内,并在肌桥的肌束内生长,分布于肌纤维之间,未见神经瘤形成;对照组均有典型的神经瘤形成。结论：采用带蒂骨骼肌桥接断裂的周围神经近端后再生的神经纤维能顺利通过吻合,并沿肌外膜内和肌束之间生长,可防止神经瘤的形成。     

带蒂骨骼肌桥接近端周围神经防治残端痛性神经瘤的实验研究

目的 :探讨神经瘤的形成机制和致痛机理及周围神经与带蒂骨骼肌桥接吻合后神经瘤的生长情况。方法 :Wistar大白鼠 4 0只 ,随机分为实验组与对照组 ,两组均将左侧坐骨神经在适当水平切断 ,远端神经切除 ,实验组近端神经分为两束 ,用带蒂骨骼肌桥接两个神经断端 ,对照组近端神经置于原位。饲养 16周进行检测。结果 :实验组再生的神经纤维顺利通过吻合口长入骨骼肌肌桥内 ,并在肌桥的肌束内生长 ,分布于肌纤维之间 ,未见神经瘤形成 ;对照组均有典型的神经瘤形成。结论 :采用带蒂骨骼肌桥接断裂的周围神经近端后再生的神经纤维能顺利通过吻合 ,并沿肌外膜内和肌束之间生长 ,可防止神经瘤的形成。     

骨骼肌桥接与神经移植对大鼠周围神经缺损的修复作用

目的：比较用半吻合、半埋入法骨骼肌桥接与神经移植治疗神经缺损的效果,以探讨半吻合、半埋入法骨骼肌桥接的临床应用价值。 方法：选用体重200～300 g成年Wistar大白鼠15只,随机选择每只左侧后肢的坐骨神经造成的神经缺损用半吻合、半埋入法骨骼肌桥接,右侧神经缺损采用神经束膜缝合移植修复。大白鼠分笼饲养3个月。 结果：3个月后,大白鼠双下肢功能均得到恢复,通过肉眼观察、手术显微镜下观察、神经肌电图检查及组织学检查,骨骼肌桥接侧与神经移植侧差异无显著性。半吻合、半埋入法骨骼肌桥接治疗周围神经缺损取得与神经移植相近的结果。 结论：半吻合、半埋入法骨骼肌桥接手术难度低、时间短、吻合牢靠,是一种具有潜在临床应用价值的神经修复方法。     

自体骨骼肌桥接治疗周围神经缺损10例报告

自体骨骼肌桥接周围神经缺损作为一种新的方法,已成功地用于临床,本文通过10例骨骼肌桥接术后病人的随访,初步认为骨骼肌肌桥桥接周围神经缺损的长度是有限的,神经功能恢复亦是不完全的,通常只能在2.0cm内获得较好的效果,并提出只有在神经无法直接吻合时才采用该法。在急诊应用时,作者强调了要保证肌桥的质量。在肌桥制作方面,作者亦做了改良。     

神经端侧吻合研究进展

神经端侧吻合法就是将受损神经的远断端缝合到正常神的侧面或将神经片段桥接于正常神经和损伤神经远端侧面的方法。其神经再生的机制尚不清楚。影响端侧吻合神经再生的因素有：端侧吻合的角度、神经营养因子、神经预变性处理与否、神经膜吻合法和外膜缝合法、神经端端和端侧吻合法、外膜开窗与否、吻合处与效应器的距离及神经桥接与否。     

周围神经缺损修复的新进展

外伤或手术造成的周围神经缺损 ,其修复一般认为自体神经移植是最可靠的 ,但这种“拆东墙补西墙”的方法给供区造成一定的功能障碍。所以医学家们对此进行了不懈的努力 ,探索了很多的修复方法。本文就对近年来国内外关于周围神经缺损修复的进展作一综述。1　自体组织作桥接物修复周围神经缺损1.1　骨骼肌桥接　 Sanes于 1978年首先报告了骨骼肌桥接周围神经 ,并证实周围神经轴突可以长入变性的骨骼肌肌桥内。由于骨骼肌材料丰富 ,所以备受医学家们的关注 ,相继提出了“带蒂肌桥”、“变性肌桥”、“血管植入变性肌桥”等方法。实验证明 ,变…     

神经端侧吻合研究进展

神经端侧吻合法就是将受损神经的远断端缝合到正常神经的侧面或将神经片段桥接于正常神经和损伤神经远端侧面的方法。其神经再生的机制尚不清楚。影响端侧吻合神经再生的因素有 :端侧吻合的角度、神经营养因子、神经预变性处理与否、神经束膜吻合法和外膜缝合法、神经端端和端侧吻合法、外膜开窗与否、吻合处与效应器的距离及神经桥接与否。     

带血运的尺神经移植加端侧吻合治疗大段正中神经和尺神经缺损的实验研究

目的:探讨用带血运的尺神经移植加端侧吻合治疗大段正中神经和尺神经缺损的可行性.方法:用SD大鼠30只,将前臂尺神经、正中神经造成1. 5 cm的缺损,将两神经近端行端端吻合,尺神经距断端1.5 cm处保留血运切断神经,术后4周将尺神经血运切断与正中神经远断端吻合,并在远侧正中神经外膜开窗与尺神经远断端行端侧吻合.然后在第二次术后第4、6、8周(A、B、C)三个时间组进行大体观察并对两端端一个端侧吻合口行显微镜下、组织学观察及电生理检查.结果:术后功能逐渐恢复,术后第8周功能基本正常.镜下观察,第二次手术后4周吻合口愈合良好,直径略粗、外膜增厚,端侧吻合处愈合良好.神经光滑,弹性好.电生理检查,第二次术后第4周(A)桡、尺侧屈腕肌有再生电位,小鱼际肌无再生动作电位;术后6周(B)桡、尺侧屈腕肌运动单位电位为单纯相,小鱼际肌有再生电位;术后8周(C)桡、尺侧屈腕肌呈混合相电位,小鱼际肌呈单纯混合相电位.组织学观察,两端端吻合口处有神经束通过,端侧吻合处轴突排列有序像一条神经两个分支.结论:带血运的尺神经移植加尺神经、正中神经端侧吻合是一种可行的治疗前臂正中神经、尺神经大段缺损的方法.     

小间隙修复周围神经的研究进展

小间隙桥接修复周围神经损伤的效果要优于断端相对旋转的传统神经外膜缝合,用小间隙桥接的缝合方法给神经一个密闭的自我选择空间,以有利于神经在此间隙内形成有效再生。自体神经外膜袖套桥接修复周围神经损伤是小间隙修复周围神经中的一种方法,自体神经外膜作为桥接物有其特有的优越性,比其他的小间隙缝合方法更容易在临床上推广。     

不同温度处理肌桥修复周围神经效果的比较

用变性骨骼肌桥修复周围神经缺损。为比较不同温度处理骨骼肌桥的优劣，用热变性和冷变性的方法处理大鼠的骨骼肌桥。桥接１～３个月后对大鼠桥接神经作大体观察、神经电生理检测及组织学检查。结果表明，冷变性－１９６℃组在自主运动恢复，再生神经传导速度及再生神经纤维的数量、质量诸方面均明显优于热变性６０℃组和４５℃组。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.