老年人单纯收缩期高血压血清瘦素、抵抗素及血浆同型半胱氨酸、神经肽的水平

目的探讨老年单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)患者血清瘦素(Lep)、抵抗素(Res)与血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、神经肽Y(NPY)的水平,及与其他类型老年高血压患者、健康老年人之间的差异. 方法对ISH组28例、全期型高血压(SDH)组26例、单纯舒张期高血压(IDH)组25例及老年健康对照组21例,采用酶免疫法检测血清Lep、Res,放射免疫法测定血浆Hcy、NPY,同时检测受试者体质指数(BMI)和体内脂肪(BF)百分比. 结果 ISH组、SDH组、IDH组血清Lep[(13.18±1.66)μg/L、(11.91±2.16)μg/L、(10.88±2.31)μg/L]、Res[(31.2±10.3)μg/L、(26.3±8.91)μg/L、(24.2±5.66)μg/L]水平均高于对照组[(7.71±1.28)μg/L和(19.8±7.21)μg/L,P<0.05或P<0.01],ISH组显著高于SDH、IDH组(P<0.05,P<0.01);3个不同类型高血压组患者的血浆Hcy、NPY较对照组增高(P<0.01,P <0.05),而老年ISH组又较SDH、IDH组增高(P<0.01);老年ISH组平均年龄较其他各组明显增高(P <0.01),老年SDH组较IDH组、对照组也增高(P<0.05, P<0.01);老年ISH组BMI也较其他各组明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01),而且SDH组较老年健康组显著增高(P<0.05).ISH患者 BF百分比与IDH组、老年健康组差异均有显著性(P<0.05).收缩压与Lep、NPY呈正相关(γ=0.256,P <0.05;γ=0.374,P<0.01). 结论 Lep、Res、Hcy及NPY与老年人高血压发病,尤其是老年ISH的发病有关,控制患者血清Lep、Res、血浆Hcy及NPY浓度对预防老年高血压,尤其是ISH的发生或发展可能有积极作用.     

血清心肌肌钙蛋白T对充血性心力衰竭患者预后的判断价值

目的观察血清心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)水平与充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者预后的关系.方法选择265例CHF患者和75例健康者,应用电化学发光免疫法检测血清cTnT水平.结果CHF患者血清cTnT为(0.181±0.536)μg/L,健康对照者为(0.003±0.001)μg/L(P<0.01).105例左室射血分数(LVEF)≤35%者, cTnT水平为(0.31±0.22) μg/ L, 160例LVEF>35%者, cTnT为(0.07±0.05) μg/ L(P<0.01).LVEF值与cTnT水平呈负相关(r=-0.493,P<0.01).心功能(NYHA)为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级者,其血清cTnT分别为(0.06±0.02)、(0.11±0.10)、( 0.19±0.20)、(0.38±0.21)μg/ L.随访6个月,观察终点为心力衰竭死亡.血清cTnT≥0.1 μg/ L 55例,失访2例,死亡17例,病死率为32.00%;cTnT<0.1 ～≥0.05 μg/ L 86例,失访3例,死亡8例,病死率为9.64%; cTnT<0.05 μg/ L 124例,失访2例,死亡3例,病死率为2.46%.结论CHF患者血清cTnT水平升高,其升高程度与心力衰竭严重程度相平行,并预示患者预后不良.     

缬沙坦对原发性高血压患者血清胰岛素样生长因子1和一氧化氮浓度的影响

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者缬沙坦治疗前后血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)和一氧化氮(NO)水平的变化.方法用特异性放射免疫法测定50例EH患者(EH组)缬沙坦治疗前和治疗6个月后及25例正常人(正常对照组)的血清IGF-1水平.用硝酸酶还原法检测EH组缬沙坦治疗前和治疗6个月后及正常对照组的血清NO水平.结果 EH患者血清IGF-1水平明显高于正常对照组(13.36±3.36 nmol/L 比9.67±2.57 nmol/L,P<0.01),而EH患者血清NO水平低于对照组(63.35±17.18 μmol/L 比77.15 ±13.50 μmol/L,P<0.01).EH并发LVH患者平均血清IGF-1水平明显高于无LVH者(14.15±4.23 nmol/L 比11.57±3.10 nmol/L,P<0.01)而其血清NO水平低于无LVH者(56.20±17.15 μmol/L比67.68±18.97 μmol/L P<0.05).缬沙坦治疗6个月后,血清IGF-1水平由13.36±3.36 nmol/L降至10.85±2.97 nmol/L(P<0.01);血清NO水平由63.35±17.18 μmol/L升至72.07±15.45 μmol/L(P<0.01);左室质量指数(LVMI)由126.39±18.45 g/m2降至111.13±15.27 g/m2(P<0.01).结论 EH患者血清IGF-1水平升高,而NO水平降低,尤其是伴发LVH者.提示IGF-1和NO两者失衡可能参与EH及其并发LVH的形成.缬沙坦可使EH患者血清IGF-1水平降低,NO水平升高,并能逆转左室肥厚的发生.     

心力衰竭患者血清尿酸水平的变化

目的探讨心力衰竭患者血清尿酸水平的变化规律及其临床意义.方法比较97例心力衰竭患者与60例健康对照组的血清尿酸水平;比较心力衰竭患者(97例)不同心功能状态下的血尿酸水平;比较80例患者心衰控制前、后血清尿酸水平的变化;比较入院时未用过利尿剂与已用过利尿剂的心衰患者的血清尿酸水平.结果心力衰竭组与健康对照组的血清尿酸水平分别为(488.79 23.78)μmol/L和(256.62 26.24)μmol/L,两者之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);心力衰竭组心功能分级Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级的血尿酸水平分别为(348.97 25.90)μmol/L、(450.17 16.09)μmol/L和(561.05 26.71)μmol/L,其两两比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);80例患者心衰控制前后的血清尿酸水平分别是(509.27±10.74)μmol/L和(402.01 29.70)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);入院时未用过利尿剂与已用过利尿剂的心衰患者的血清尿酸水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论心力衰竭患者血清尿酸水平随心功能加重而升高,血清尿酸水平不受服用利尿剂的影响.血清尿酸水平是反映心衰患者病情严重程度的一个指标.     

高血压患者血清脂联素与游离脂肪酸、糖及脂代谢

目的研究不同糖耐量原发性高血压患者(EH )血清脂联素水平、游离脂肪酸(FFA)谱特征及与其他糖脂代谢参数间关系.方法用放射免疫分析法测定122 例EH 患者与43 例正常对照组血清脂联素水平,同时用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用法测定其血清FFA 成分水平.结果EH 患者血清脂联素水平[(7.2±4.7)mg/L]低于正常对照组[(9.2±4.3)mg/L, P<0.05],伴有糖耐量受损(IGT)、伴有糖尿病(DM)亚组病人血清脂联素均显著下降(P<0.05～0.01).EH患者血清总脂肪酸[TFA(1291.6±503.7 vs 1064.6±470.3)μmol/L]和多不饱和脂肪酸[PUFA(712.5±284.3 vs 517.3±216.3)μmol/L, P<0.05～0.01] 水平显著高于正常对照组.IGT和DM组的TFA和PUFA也显著高于正常对照组和单纯高血压糖耐量正常亚组(P<0.01).脂联素与BMI、腹围(WC)、腹/臀围比(WHR)、TG 呈负相关(r=-0.217, -0.227, -0.172, -0.193,P<0.01～0.05),与HDL-C 呈正相关(r=0.361,P<0.01).结论脂联素水平与游离脂肪酸代谢紊乱,可能在原发性高血压、特别是在伴有糖代谢异常的高血压发病中起重要作用.血清脂联素水平下降可能是原发性高血压伴有糖代谢异常的特征性生化指标之一.     

慢性充血性心力衰竭病人血清心肌肌钙蛋白T浓度的变化及临床意义

目的观察慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)病人血清心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)水平是否升高.方法应用酶联免疫吸附分析法检测190例CHF病人(心力衰竭组)和75名健康人(对照组)血清cTnT.结果心力衰竭组cTnT浓度为0.23±0.17 ng/ml,对照组cTnT浓度为0.03±0.01 ng/ml,两组比较有非常显著差异(P<0.01).105例病人左心室射血分数(LVEF)≤0.35,其血清cTnT浓度为0.31±0.22 ng/ml;85例病人LVEF>0.35,其血清cTnT浓度为0.13±0.07 ng/ml,二者比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).心功能分别为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级(NYHA)的病人,其血清cTnT浓度分别为0.11±0.10 ng/ml、0.19±0.20 ng/ml、0.38±0.21 ng/ml(Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级相比、Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级相比均有非常显著差异,P<0.01).血清中的心肌cTnT浓度与左心室射血分数成负相关(γ=-0.493,P<0.001).结论CHF病人血清cTnT浓度升高,其升高程度和心力衰竭严重程度相平行.     

红细胞分布宽度和血清尿酸检测老年慢性心力衰竭患者预后的临床意义

目的探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、血清尿酸对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者预后价值及相关性。方法收集2009年2月²012年2月住我院干部心脏内科的老年CHF患者322例作为病例组,按心功能分级(NYHA):心功能Ⅱ级110例,心功能Ⅲ级122例,心功能Ⅳ级90例,同时收集同期健康体检者150例作为对照组。2组晨起空腹采静脉血,检测治疗前后RDW、尿酸水平,并进行分析比较。结果病例组RDW、尿酸水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(15.87±2.02)%vs(11.15±0.76)%,(467.83±77.88)μmol/L vs(219.90±50.65)μmol/L,P<0.05];心功能Ⅲ级患者RDW和尿酸水平与心功能Ⅱ级和心功能Ⅳ级比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。不同心功能患者治疗前后RDW和尿酸水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 RDW、尿酸可能有助于判断心力衰竭治疗效果、心力衰竭严重程度及预后。     

慢性心衰患者血清CA125水平测定及其临床意义

目的观察慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清CA125水平与心功能之间的关系。方法对75例慢性CHF患者按纽约心功能分级分组,另选正常对照20例,用酶联免疫法测定血清CA125水平,并通过超声心动图测定左室内径及射血分数。结果慢性CHF患者血清CA125水平高于对照组(11.16±6.84,P<0.05)。其升高水平与心功能恶化程度呈正相关,心功能Ⅱ级为30.52±8.26,Ⅲ级为52.84±20.01,Ⅳ级为207.4±110.4,各组间比较有非常显著的差异(P<0.001)。CHF患者左室正常组和左室增大组血清CA125水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。左室增大组(179.64±120.25)显著高于左室正常组(36.00±42.02,P<0.001)。结论慢性CHF患者血清CA125水平升高。后者可作为判断心功能恶化的一项指标。     

雷米普利对老年心力衰竭患者血清细胞因子的影响

目的研究老年心力衰竭患者血清细胞因子水平与心功能的关系以及雷米普利对血清细胞因子的影响.方法将76例老年心力衰竭患者随机分为雷米普利治疗组(36例)和常规治疗组(40例),另设年龄、性别与之匹配的健康老年人作为对照组(30例).应用双抗夹心ELISA法检测各组受试者血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体(STNFRI)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)和转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)水平.常规治疗组和雷米普利组在治疗2周后复查上述指标.结果(1)血清TNF-α、STNFRI、IL-6、IL-10和TGF-βI水平与老年心力衰竭患者的基础心脏病无关(P＜0.05);上述血清细胞因子水平随心功能的恶化而升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).(2)与治疗前比较,雷米普利治疗组治疗前后血清TNF-α[(20.9±8.2)μg/L比(13.2±8.4)μg/L]、sTNFRI[(2.7±0.9)μg/L比(1.9±0.4)μg/L]、IL-6[(29.2±6.8)ng/L比(20.5±6.0)ng/L]、IL-10[(22.1±6.4)ng/L比(13.8±5.7)ng/L]及TGF-β1[(2144.1±597.9)ng/L比(1348.8±342.4)ng/L]水平均下降(分别为P＜0.05或P＜0.01),雷米普利治疗组比常规治疗组下降明显(P＜0.01).结论老年心力衰竭患者血清细胞因子与心功能密切相关,能够反映心力衰竭的程度;雷米普利能明显改善老年心力衰竭患者细胞因子的异常.     

老年糖耐量减退患者血尿酸水平与冠心病相关性研究

目的探讨老年糖耐量减退患者血尿酸水平与冠心病的关系。方法选取糖耐量减退患者118例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为单纯糖耐量减退组(51例)及糖耐量减退合并冠心病组(67例),测定两组患者的血尿酸、血脂等生化指标,分析血尿酸水平与糖耐量减退合并冠心病的相关性。结果糖耐量减退合并冠心病组血尿酸水平为(354.92±51.27)μmol/L,单纯糖耐量减退组血尿酸水平为(323.57±48.66)μmol/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中单支、双支、三支病变患者血尿酸水平分别为(330.92±53.65)μmol/L(、347.25±56.17)μmol/L、(362.93±54.21)μmol/L,各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变程度呈正相关(r=0.24,P<0.05)。结论老年糖耐量减退合并冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与血尿酸相关,测定血尿酸水平可对此类患者冠状动脉病变程度提供参考依据。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.