Effect of regeneration of the spleen and bone marrow on number of hematopoietic colonies in the mouse spleen

Two thirds of the spleen (group 1) or the bone marrow from the right tibia (group 2) was removed from sexually mature male CBA mice. On the eighth day after lethal irradiation and injection of 1·10⁶ nucleated cells from the intact spleen the number of hematopoietic splenic colonies was counted. A significant increase in the number of colonies was observed in the animals of both experimental groups compared with the control intact mice. the authors suggest that this increase may have been caused both by the local effect of the regenerating splenic stroma and by a certain stimulating factor secreted by the regenerating hematopoietic tissue.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Department of Histology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1375–1376, November, 1976.     

Proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells During hypokinesia

Expgenous cloning of hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow and spleen in the femur and spleen of recipient mice showed that during hypokinesia the kinetics of the stem cell population differs in the two organs (spleen and bone marrow). The character of differentiation of the transplantation stem cells from the different sources was undisturbed in the recipients' spleen. Bone marrow stem cells, settling in the femur, changed their character of differentiation toward an increase in erythropoietic function, whereas the direction of differentiation of the splenic stem cells was unchanged.Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 501–503, April, 1976.     

Formation of hematopoietic colonies of donor's type in the bone marrow of irradiated chicks after transplantation of quail yolk sac and limb bud cells into their bone marrow

Ability to form hematopoietic cell colonies from the yolk sac and limb bud of a quail embryo at the 60 h incubation stage (i.e., before establishment of a closed circulation) was studied in the bone marrow of sublethally irradiated 3-week-old chicks. The experimental results are based on the ability to distinguish between quail and chick cells by means of a natural marke (Feulgen-positive nucleolus). After transplantation of limb bud cells roughly 3 times more hematopoietic colonies were found to be formed than after transplantation of yolk sac cells of the quail embryo. With the dose of irradiation used, about 75% of exogenous (quail) and 25% of endogenous (chick) hematopoietic colonies were identified in the bone marrow.Department of Histology and Cytology, Moscow University. (Presented by Academician of the Acad of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny Vol. 88, No. 10, pp. 432–434, October, 1979.     

人脐血间充质干细胞移植修复骨髓造血损伤

文题释义：间充质干细胞：是一种多功能干细胞,由胚胎发育早期的中胚层发展而来,存在于人的各种组织、器官中,如骨、软骨、脂肪、外周血和肌肉等。骨髓组织中的间充质干细胞最多,但其在骨髓细胞中的比例仍很低,只有0.01%-1.00%,且年龄越大其含量越少,骨髓中的间充质干细胞分化能力也呈下降趋势。与骨髓相比,脐血中所含的间充质干细胞更加原始,因而有更强的增殖、分化能力。相较于骨髓间充质干细胞而言,人脐血间充质干细胞具有来源广泛、取材方便、无伦理方面的限制,使得人脐血间充质干细胞成为再生医学中的另一重要来源。骨髓造血损伤动物模型：建立骨髓造血损伤动物模型的方法有很多,主要分为物理方法、化学方法及物理化学方法等。物理方法包括各种射线,如X射线等,化学方法主要指以环磷酰胺为代表的烷化剂类化疗药物,而物理化学方法也叫混合性方法,联合应用放射线和化疗药物建立动物模型。  摘要背景：大多数研究间充质干细胞体外培养对造血干细胞的增殖作用和骨髓间充质干细胞移植可降低辐照引起的造血细胞死亡,增加骨髓细胞存活,修复造血功能,而少有研究人脐血间充质干细胞移植对骨髓造血损伤的修复。目的：探讨人脐血间充质干细胞对骨髓造血微环境的修复情况。方法：选用雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为3组,实验组和对照组小鼠进行总剂量为6 Gy的X射线全身照射,建立骨髓造血损伤模型,正常组为未经处理的正常小鼠。实验组小鼠照射当天经尾静脉输入CM-DiL标记的人脐血间充质干细胞5×10⁶/只(0.2 mL),对照组和正常组经尾静脉输入生理盐水0.2 mL,移植后第1,5,7,14,21天观察外周血血象恢复情况和骨髓造血微环境修复情况。结果与结论：①外周血常规：移植后第1,5,7天,实验组和对照组小鼠与正常组小鼠比较,白细胞、血小板、红细胞计数及血红蛋白浓度进行性下降,第7天下降最为明显,移植后第14天三系较前有所恢复,移植后第21天基本恢复正常,与实验组相比,对照组三系下降更为明显,移植后第14天实验组较对照组恢复快;②骨髓涂片情况：移植后第1,5,7,14天实验组及对照组小鼠骨髓出现造血功能抑制,以第7天最为明显,移植后第14天骨髓增生较前有所恢复,实验组优于对照组;移植后第21天实验组及对照组小鼠骨髓造血功能恢复,与正常组相比无差异;③骨髓病理切片情况：移植后第1,5,7,14天实验组及对照组小鼠骨髓出现造血功能抑制;移植后第14天实验组及对照组小鼠的骨髓造血功能较前开始恢复,实验组小鼠的骨髓增生情况优于对照组小鼠, 移植后第21天实验组及对照组小鼠骨髓增生情况与正常组比较无差异;④结果表明,人脐血间充质干细胞对骨髓造血功能恢复均有明显促进作用。ORCID: 0000-0002-7547-9664(高坤莉) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

Effect of the thymus on precursor cells of the hematopoietic stroma

It was shown by transplantation of a fragment of bone marrow beneath the capsule of the kidney that thymectomy reduces the number of cells constructing the hematopoietic microenvironment. Transplantation of the thymus abolishes the effect of thymectomy.Laboratory of Bone Marrow Culture and Transplantation, Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 87, No. 6, pp. 585–586, June, 1979.     

Effect of serotonin on hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

Laboratory for Control of Biosynthesis of Animal Tissues, Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Krasnoyarsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. A. Vladimirov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 11, pp. 488–489, November, 1991.     

Changes in proliferative activity of hematopoietic stem cells after adrenalectomy

In the early stages after adrenalectomy a decrease in the total cell population and in the number of colony-forming units (CFU) in the bone marrow is found in (CBA×C57BL)F₁ mice and is accompanied by a significant increase in the number of proliferating stem cells in the bone marrow and spleen, determined by the thymidine suicide method. After normalization of the total number of CFU, followed by the total cell population of the bone marrow, the level of dividing stem cells returns to its initial value.Institute of Biophysics, Ministry of Public Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR R. V. Petrov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp. 326–327, March, 1980.     

转IL—3基因的骨髓基质细胞体外以造血功能的促进作用

目的 探讨用逆转录病毒载体转入mIL-3基因的基质细胞系QXMSC1对骨央造血细胞前体的影响。方法 用含鼠IL－3基因的逆转录病毒载体感染骨央基质细胞系QXMSC1,获得IL－3高表达细胞系QXMSC1 IL－3用于实验,观察QXMSC1 IL－3细胞上清对骨央前体细胞CFU－GM、CFU－E、CFU－GEMM的影响,QXMSC1 IL－3基质细胞对长期培养起始细包的影响。结果 QXMSC1 IL－3培养上清对骨髓前体细胞、CFU－GM、CFU－E、CFU－GEMM有明显促进作用。QXMSC1 IL－3能明显增加有核细胞数和长期培养起始细胞数,诱导分化形成CFU－GM增多,阻断基质细胞与造血细胞相互接触,QXMSC1 IL－3促造血细胞增殖作用有所减弱。结论 基质QXMSC1 IL－3可能作为有效的基因载体进一步促进骨髓移植后或辐射损伤后的造血和免疫功能重建。     

Clonogenic methods in vitro for the enumeration of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in human bone marrow and mouse bone marrow and spleen

Summary Protocols and techniques are described for the in vitro enumeration of granulocyte and macrophage progenitors found in human bone marrow and mouse bone marrow and spleen. Study of the colony forming unitgranulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) in human bone marrow is usually first accomplished by density separation of whole bone marrow buffy coats through Ficoll-Paque into low- and high-density fractions. After collection of the low-density fraction (containing most or all of the CFU-GM), cells are washed and suspended, at a known cell concentration, in a mixture of culture medium, fetal bovine serum (or serum-supplements), agar or agarose, with a source of colony stimulating factor(s). Cultures are allowed to solidify and are then placed in a humidified 37°C incubator at 5% CO₂ in lowered (5%) O₂ tension for 7 to 14 d. Colonies (>40 cells/ aggregate) and clusters (3 to 40 cells/ aggregate) are then scored. Murine CFU-GM are cultured and characterized in a similar manner except tissues are separated into a single cell suspension without a density separation, and the culture time is reduced to 5 to 7 d. Colonies and clusters are scored as previously described. Purification of CFU-GM can be performed and these cells cultured as above.     

Effect of regeneration of the spleen under different conditions on its megakaryocytes in albino rats

Megakaryocytes are found in the intact rat spleen in various forms: with a ring-shaped nucleus and as large multinuclear cells. The megakaryocytes divide by the formation of multipolar mitoses without subsequent cytotomy. During regeneration the number of megakaryocytes and their mitotic activity increased sharply. Gravitational overloading increased the number of megakaryocytes and their mitotic activity even more. Administration of splenic extract in addition to gravitational overloading reduced the number of megakaryocytes in the regenerating spleen but increased their mitotic activity. Under conditions of hypokinesia the number of megakaryocytes in the regenerating spleen fell sharply and no mitoses were observed in them.Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, Erevan Zooveterinary Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 8, pp. 224–227, August, 1977.     

Effect of curettage of the medullary cavity on bone marrow stromal precursor cells

Changes in the number of stromal bone marrow precursor cells in guinea pigs after curettage of the medullary cavity were studied by cloning and monolayer cultures in vitro. Curettage was shown to remove about half of the fibroblast colony forming cells (FCFC) from the bone marrow. Later, the number of FCFC in the curetted limb fell to reach a minimum after 12 h. Starting from 24 h their number increased. By the 7th–12th day the number of FCFC reached the normal level, and by the 20th day it was 2.5 times higher than normal. The number of FCFC in the contralateral limb between 6 h and 20 days after curettage was 2–2.5 times greater than normal.Laboratory of Immunomorphology, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 9, pp. 362–365, September, 1978.     

自体脾组织移植后再生的实验研究

目的 探讨自体脾组织移植后的形态学变化规律，为临床及实验研究提供参考资料。方法 采用100只小鼠进行自体脾组织网膜内移植，于术后不同时相点切取移植脾组织，通过光镜和电镜技术，观察自体移植脾组织的生长特点及规律。结果 自体移植脾组织经过坏死再生过程，于移植术后6月移植脾组织与正常脾组织结构相近。结论 自体脾组织网膜内移植有正常脾组织的基本结构，有发挥脾功能的结构基础，并具有一定的脾功能。     

Kinetics of repair of sublethal radiation injuries in early hematopoietic precursors

All-Union Hematologic Scientific Center, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. I. Vorob'ev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 1, pp. 74–76, January, 1991.