Expression and clinical significance of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex in breast cancer and precancerous lesions简

Objective： The aim of our study was to observe the expressions and clinical Significance of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex in breast cancer and precancerous lesions, and analyze the relationship between the expressions and clinicopathological features in breast cancer. Methods： Immunhistochemical UltraSensitiveTM S-P method was employed to detect the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex in 128 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas, 89 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 57 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia, 53 cases of usual ductal hyperplasia breast tissues were selected as a control group. The express of E-cadherin, β-catenin and their relationship with mult biological parameters including histological grade, region lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and recurrence on files were also assessed. Results： （1） The staining patterns character of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex： In UDH breast tissues, E-cadherin and a-catenin were expressed on cell membrane of ductal and acinic cells, showing cellular contour and border among cells. The abnormal expression of the three proteins occurred in breast invasive ductal carcinomas, ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia tissues, showing cytoplasmic or nuclear staining, decrease and loss of cytomembrane staining. （2） The abnormal expression rates of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex in invasive ductal carcinomas were 53.91%, 65.63% and 81.25%, which were significantly higher than that in ductal carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, usual ductal hyperplasia tissues （P 〈 0.01）. Compared with usual ductal hyperplasia breast tissues group, the abnormal expression rates of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.01） in the breast cancer group. However, there was no significance of the abnormal expression rate between ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia tissues groups （X2 = 0.76, P = 0.38; x2 = 0.14, P = 0.70; x2 = 0.81, P = 0.37; X2 = 2.19, P = 0.14） （P 〉 0.05）. （3） There was a significantly difference in the mean E-cadherin, β-catenin and E- cadherin-catenins complex frequency between estrogen receptor ＆ progesterone receptor positive IDC group and negative group, epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 （HER2/neu） positive and negative groups, Ki-67 proliferation index 〈 14% and 〉 14% groups, histological grade （I ＋ II） and grade III invasive ductal carcinomas groups, with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and recurrence groups （P 〈 0.05） and without groups （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was no difference in the mean E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex frequency between age （_〈 50 years vs 〉 50 years）, tumor diameter （〈 2 cm vs 〉 2 cm） （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： In breast cancer, the expressions of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex are abnormally decreased and are correlated with pathology grade, differentiation disturbance and metastasis. E- cadherin and β-catenin may be as the predictors for prognosis. Combined detection may improve accuracy and sensitivity of predicting metastasis and prognosis of breast Cancer.     

EXPRESSION OF E-CADHERIN/CATENIN COMPLEX IN BREAST CANCER

Objective： To detect the expressions of E-cadherin, α-catenin and β-catenin and analyze the relationship between Ecadherin-catenin adhesion complex and clinicopathological features in breast cancer. Methods： The expressions of E-cadherin, α-cadherin and β-catenin in specimens of 54 breast cancer, 21 normal breast tissues around tumor, 15 breast hyperplasia of usual type and 15 breast atypical hyperplasia were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results： In 21 normal breast tissues, E-cadherin and α-catenin were expressed on cell membrane of ductal and acinic cells, showing cellular contour and border among cells. The staining character of the three proteins in breast hyperplasia of usual type was the same as that in normal breast tissue. In breast atypical hyperplasia, the abnormal expression rates of E-cadherin, α-catenin and β-catenin were 6.7%, 13.3% and 26.7%, respectively. The total abnormal expression rate of E-cadherin-catenin complex was 33.3%. In breast cancer, the abnormal expression rates of E-cadherin, α＋catenin and β-catenin were 51.9%, 63.0% and 61.1%, respectively. The total abnormal expression rate of E-cadherin-catenin complex was 88.9%. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin and α-catenin were significantly correlated with histological grade. Abnormal expressions of α-catenin and β-catenin were significantly correlated with TNM staging, axillary lymph nodes metastasis and postoperative distant metastasis. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin-catenin complex was correlated with TNM staging, histological grade and axillary lymph nodes. Abnormal expression of β-catenin was negatively correlated with expression of HER-2. COX multiple factor analysis showed that E-cadherin or α-catenin or β-catenin was not independent prognostic indicator. Conclusion： Abnormal expressions of E-cadherin, α-catenin and β-catenin frequently occur in breast cancer. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin-catenin complex is correlated with differentiation disturbance and metastasis. Combined measurement of E-caherin, α-catenin and β-catenin may improve accuracy and sensitivity of predicting metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer.     

Caveolin-1, E-cadherin and β-catenin in gastric carcinoma, precancerous tissues and chronic non-atrophic gastritis

Objective:To investigate the expressions of caveolin-1,E-cadherin and β-catenin in gastric carcinoma,precancerous gastric and chronic non-atrophic gastritis tissues,and evaluate the correlation of these expressions with the development of gastric cancer.Methods:The expressions of caveolin-1,E-cadherin and β-catenin were detected by biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase(SP) immunohistochemistry on 58 gastric cancer tissues,40 precancerous gastric tissues and 42 chronic non-atrophic gastritis tissues.The correlation between the expressions of caveolin-1,E-cadherin and β-catenin,and the clinicopathologic parameters of gastric cancer was analyzed retrospectively.Results:The positive rates of caveolin-1 and E-cadherin expressions in gastric carcinoma were significantly lower than precancerous gastric and chronic non-atrophic gastritis tissues(P<0.01).An abnormal rate of β-catenin expression in gastric carcinoma was higher than precancerous gastric and chronic non-atrophic gastritis tissues(P<0.01).Moreover,low expressions of caveolin-1,E-cadherin and β-catenin correlated with tumor size,depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(P<0.05).The positive rates of caveolin-1 and E-cadherin expressions decreased(P<0.01),while an abnormal rate of β-catenin expression increased inversely,with the degree of atypical hyperplasia(P<0.01).Caveolin-1 expression correlated positively with E-cadherin(r=0.41,P<0.05).Caveolin-1(r= 0.36,P<0.05) and E-cadherin(r= 0.45,P<0.05) expressions negatively correlated with abnormal β-catenin expression.Conclusion: These results suggested that dysregulated expressions of caveolin‐1, E‐cadherin and β‐catenin correlated with the development of gastric cancer and its biological behavior.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXPRESSIONS OF LMP1 AND E-CADHERIN/β-CATENIN IN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

Objective:To compare the expression of Epstein-Barr virus encoded LMP1 and E-cadherin/β-catenin in primary and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) for the purpose of understanding their relationship. Methods: Twenty-two pairs of biopsies taken from the nasopharynx and cervical lymph node(s) of the same patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were collected. The expression of LMP1, E-cadherin and β-catenin was observed on immunostained slides using LSAB method. Results:The expression rate of LMP1 in the 22 metastatic tumors (86.36%, 19/22) was significantly higher than that in the 22 primary growths (68.18%, 15/22), P&lt;0.05. The mean expression percentages of E-cadherin and β-catenin in metastatic tumors (50.11%(22.53% and 66.36(21.05%, respectively) were significantly lower than those in primary growths (71.52(24.34 % and 79.40%(15.05%, respectively), P&lt;0.05. There was a positive correlation between the expressions of E-cadherin and β-catenin either in primary growths or metastatic tumors. Conclusion: The LMP1 is more likely to be expressed in metastatic neoplastic cells of NPC than in primary carcinoma cells, and on the contrary the expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin in metastatic cells was decreased. Accordingly, the LMP1 might have the ability to downregulate the expression of E-cadherin/β- catenin, resulting in enhancement of the invasive capacity of metastatic NPC cells.     

p120 Catenin Translocation is Involved in Enhancement of Hepatoma Cellular Malignant Features

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between p 120^ctn translocation and hepatocellular carcinoma cell malignant features and the relationship between p 120^ctn and β-catenin translocation in cell signaling. METHODS Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells were over expressed with p120^ctn isoform 3A using a DNA transfection method. The effects of transfection and expression of p120^ctn and its binding capacity to E-cadherin were examined using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting methods. p120^ctn subcellular localization and its relation with β-catenin were detected using immunofluorescent microscopy, p120^ctn phosphorylation was produced by EGF treatment. Cell adhesion, cell migration and cell proliferation were also examined in this study. RESULTS We found that p 120^ctn expression was increased after transfection and the binding capacity of p120^ctn to E-cadherin was enhanced. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p120^ctn increased after transfection and EGF treatment. p120^ctn and β-catenin cellular localization displayd a membrane and cytoplasmic expression pattern, but they translocated into the nucleus for relocalization after p120^ctn overexpression plus EGF stimulation. Cell adhesion ability was increased and migration ability reduced after transfection without EGF. Following transfection without EGF cellular proliferation was reduced, but increased after EGF treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that p120^ctn plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. In addition there is a relationship between p120^ctn and β-catenin subcellular localization and signaling.     

α-、β-catenin和cyclin D1在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

Objective:To study the relationship between expressions of α-,β-catenins and cyclin D1 and the occurrence,infiltration and metastasis of breast cancer.Methods:High sensitive S-P immunohistochemical method was used to detect the protein expressions of α-,β-catenins and cyclin D1 in the 60 cases of breast cancer tissues.Results:Abnormal immunoreactivities of α- and β-catenins were observed in 37(61.7%)and 42(70%)cases of breast Cancer tissues,respectively.There were 28 cases(46.7%)who showed cyclin D1 overexpression.The abnormal expression rates of α -and β-catenins in infiltrating lobular carcinoma(ILC)were significantly higher than those in infiltrating ductal Carcinoma(IDC)(P＜0.05),but they had no relations to the extenl of differentiation and lymphatic metastasis of breasl Cancer(P＞0.05).The overexpression rate of cyclin D1 was correlated with tumor stage and lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer(P＜0.05),but not with histological type and lhe extent of differentiation(P＞0.05).Cyclin D1 overexpression was observed in 57.1%(24/42)of these cases that showed abnormal staining of β-catenin,but only observed in 22.2%(4/18)of these cases with normal membranous staining of β-catenin.There was a significantly positive correlation between the abnormal expression of β-catenin and overexpression of cyclin D1(rs=0.321.P＜0.05).Conclusion:The abnormal expression of β-Catenin may play an important role in the genesis of breast cancer by triggering cyclin D1 overexpression in breast cancer.The abnormal expressions of α- and β-catenins are not a key factor in malignant cell metastasis in breast cancer,but may also involve in the progress.     

Pin1、β-连接素和细胞周期素D1在老年肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

Objective:To investigate the expressions and correlations of Pin1,β-catenin and cyclin D1 in elderly lung carcinomas.Methods:The expressions of Pin1,β-catenin and cyclin D1 were examined in the specimens of 92 elderly lung carcinomas and 10 normal lung tissues by immunohistochemistry and explored the relationship between the expression levels and clinicopathological factors.Results:(1) The overexpression of Pin1 and cyclin D1 in lung carcinomas was 46 (50%)cases and 60 (65.22%) cases respectively and 56 (60.82%) cases showed positive immunoreactivity for β-catenin in the nuclear and (or) cytoplasmic fraction in tumor tissues,In normal tissue,the expressions of Pin1 and cyclin D1 were negative,the expression of β-catenin was lied in cell membrane.(2) In lung carcinomas the expressions of Pin1,β-catenin and cyclin D1 correlated with tumor differentiation (P＜0.05).The pesitive expression rate and intensity of Pin1 correlated with tumor stage (P=0.032) and lymph node positive disease (P=0.041).The expression of β-catenin correlated with lymph node positive disease (P=0.012).(3) High expression levels of Pin1 correlated with aberrant β-catenin expression (P=0.000) but did not show a correlation with cyclin D1 (P=0.157).Conclusion:In elderly lung carcinomas,the positive expression of Pin1 causes abnormal accumulation of β-catenin and actives its target gene,however,this target gene was not cyclin DI.The detection of Pin1 expression had some clinical significance in estimating prognosis of elderly patient with lung carcinomas.     

骨肉瘤组织中E-cadherin和β-catenin的表达及临床意义

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of E-cadherin and β-catenin in osteosarcoma tissues. Methods From April 2012 to October 2015， 54 specimens of osteosarcoma tissues and 22 specimens of osteochondroma tissues were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin and β catenin in those above tissues. The correlation of the expression of E-cadherin， β-catenin and clinical parameters of osteosarcoma were analyzed. Results In 54 specimens of osteosarcoma tissues， the positive rate of E-cadherin protein was 35.2％（19／54）， significantly lower than 68.2％（15／22） in osteochondroma tissues （P＜0.05）. However the positive rate of β-catenin protein was 68.5％（37／54）， significantly higher than 9.1％（2／22） in osteochondroma tissues （P＜0.05）. The expression of E-cadherin protein was associated with Enneking stage and metastasis （P＜0.05）. The expression of β-catenin protein was associated with tumor size， Enneking stage and metastasis （P＜0.05）. Moreover， the expression of E cadherin and β catenin was negatively correlated （r=-0.764，P＜0.05）. ConclusionE-cadherin and β-catenin are abnormally expressed in osteosarcoma tissues， and they are correlated to Enneking stage and metastasis. Both of them play a role in the development and progression of osteosarcoma.     

人胰腺癌组织中Tbx2蛋白的表达及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路对TBX2基因的调节

Objective:To investigate the expression of Tbx2 protein in pancreatic cancer tissues and its molecular regulation mechanism by Wnt/β-catenin signaling.Methods:49 pancreatic cancer and 13 non-cancer tissue specimens were obtained and examined the expression of Tbx2,and the correlation between the expression of Tbx2 and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.The immunohistochemistry,immunocytochemistry,RT-PCR and Western blot assay methods were used to detect the changes of expression levels of β-catenin and Tbx2.Results:Tbx2 was amplified in 34 of 49 pancreatic cancers,and in 13 non-cancer tissues,only one sample amplified.The further study demonstrated that Tbx2 had a significant positive correlation with tumor differentiation degree and clinical stage,but it did not relate to the sex,age and the disease region.Inhibition of β-catenin degradation through the treatment of pancreatic cancer cells SW1990 with different concentrations of lithium chloride indicated that accumulation of β-catenin was sufficient to induce TBX2 expression.Conclusion:TBX2 gene plays an important role in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer and the accumulation of β-catenin contributes to the expression of TBX2.The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway participates the regulation of TBX2 in pancreatic cancer cells.     

NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AND OPERATION FOR INVASIVE MASAOKE STAGE Ⅲ AND Ⅳa THYMOMA

Operation combined with postoperativeradiotherapy have been used as primary treatments for patients with invasive thymoma, but the involvement of thoracic large vessels or other important viscera (Masaoke stage Ⅲ) and dissemination of pericardium or pleural(Masaoke stage Ⅳa) are difficult for radical resection and proved poor in prognosis. Although the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to invasive thymoma has been reported abroad since 1980s, only case report has been reported in China. From …     

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast

Objective： To detect the expression of VEGF and MVD count in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast to clarify the association of VEGF expression and MVD count with the clinicopathologic features. Methods： The expressions of VEGF, ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and MVD count in 88 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast were examined by immunohistochemistry staining （SP-method）. Results： Sixty-two out of the eighty-eight specimens of breast carcinoma （70.45%） showed positive expression of VEGF. The positive rate of VEGF in cases with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of VEGF in stage IIb-Ⅲ was higher than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱa （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of VEGF in C-erbB-2 positive group was higher than that in C-erbB-2 negative group （P〈0.05）. Higher expression of VEGF was observed in cases with higher tissue differentiation degree （P〈0.05）. Also, significant higher MVD count was observed in cases with higher tissue differentiation degree （P〈0.01）. The MVD count increased significantly with the increase of the expression of VEGF （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The result of this study suggested that in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast, angiogenesis and metastasis were mediated mainly by VEGF. The expression of VEGF and MVD might be reference predictors for the biological behavior of breast carcinoma. The antiangiogenic therapy which used VEGF as a target would become a new method to treat patients who were C-erbB-2 positive in the future.     

DJ-1 promotes proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells by regulating p53 signaling pathway北大核心CSCD

Objective: To investigate the effects of up-regulating or silencing DJ-1 gene expression on the apoptosis, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC), and to explore the possible molecular mechanism. Methods: The expression level of DJ-1 in CRC tissues and cells was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively. The SW480 and HCT116 cells were transfected with the recombinant lentiviral vector carrying human DJ-1 gene to obtain DJ-1 overexpressed SW480/OE-DJ-1 and HCT116/OE-DJ-1 cells, while the cells transfected with the empty vector was as the negative control (OE-NC). The SW480 and HCT116 cells were transfected with the recombinant lentiviral vector carrying the specific shRNA targeting DJ-1 gene to generate the SW480/shDJ-1 and HCT116/sh-DJ-1 cells with stable knockdown of DJ-1, while the cells transfected with the empty vector was as the negative control (sh-NC). Subsequently, the expressions of DJ-1 and p53 protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively; and their relationship was analyzed. The expressions of p53 and its downstream apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 in SW480 and HCT116 cells with DJ-1 over-expression or knockdown were detected by Western blotting. The effects of overexpressing and silencing DJ-1 gene expression on the invasion and migration abilities of SW480 and HCT116 cells were detected by Transwell chamber assay. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells was induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), then the expression levels of DJ-1 and EMT-related markers (N-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin, E-cadherin) were analyzed by Western blotting. Results: DJ-1 was highly expressed in 34 CRC tissues (24/34, 70.59%) (P < 0.001). The overall survival time of the patients with DJ-1 high expression was significantly shorter than that of the patients with DJ-1 low expression (P < 0.001). The high expression of DJ-1 was correlated with TNM stage, tumor location, lymph node metastasis, and degree of differentiation (all P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between DJ-1 and p53 expressions (r =-0.428, P = 0.015). Silencing DJ-1 increased the expression level of p53 and its downstream apoptotic protein Bax, decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (all P < 0.05), and decreased the invasion and migration capacities of SW480 and HCT116 cells (both P < 0.01); Conversely, overexpressing DJ-1 decreased the expression level of p53 and Bax, increased the expression of Bcl-2 (all P < 0.05), and increased the invasion and migration capacities of SW480 and HCT116 cells (both P < 0.01). Overexpression of DJ-1 induced by TGF-β1 increased the expressions of N-cadherin, β-catenin and vimentin, and decreased the expression of E-cadherin in the process of EMT (P < 0.05). Conclusion: DJ-1 promotes the apoptosis and invasion of CRC cells by negatively regulating the p53 signaling pathway. © 2019 by TUMOR All rights reserved.     

Expression of FRAT1 and β-catenin in human brain glioma and their significances

Objective: To investigate the expression of FRAT1 and β-catenin in human brain glioma, analyze the correlation between the expression and clinical pathological grades and the correlation of the two genes. Methods: FRAT1 and β-catenin were detected by immunohistochemistry in 84 human brain glioma tissues and 6 human normal brain tissues. Results: 66.7% (56/84) and 77.4% (65/84) of human brain glioma tissues expressed FRAT1 and β-catenin protein, whereas no FRAT1 and β-catenin protein expression was detected in human normal brain tissues. The expression levels of FRAT1 and β-catenin increased markedly with the ascending of pathologic grade of tumor specimens (r = 0.55, P < 0.01, r = 0.70, P < 0.01), there was a positive correlation between FRAT1 and β-catenin (r = 0.77, P < 0.01). Conclusion: FRAT1 and β-catenin over-expression maybe closely related with occurrence and development of human brain gliomas. The results provide important supplements for the research of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Meanwhile, FRAT1 may act as a valuable biomarker for molecular diagnosis of glioma and a potential target for gene therapy of glioma.     

Relationship between Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules and the Metastatic Mechanism in Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast

OBJECTIVE To explore the expression and the function of cell adhesion molecules in invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast, and to investigate the metastatic mechanism of IMPC. METHODS The expression of E-cadherin, α-catenin and β-catenin was detected by imrnunohistochemical staining in 64 cases of IMPC, and compared with that of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). RESULTS E-cadherin and β-catenin were mainly expressed on the cell membrane of tumors, and cc-catenin was expressed in the cytoplasm and/or on the cell membrane. The expression of E-cadherin in IMPC was significantly higher than that in IDC. Furthermore, the expression of E-cadherin was mainly on the intercellular contact surface of the tumor cell clusters in IMPC, while that on the outer surface of the tumor cell clusters decreased or could not be detected. The degree of lymph nodes metastases in IMPC was significantly higher than that in IDC. The co-expressions of α-catenin and β-catenin in cases of lymph nodes metastases along with the expression of E-cadherin in IMPC were significantly higher than that in IDC. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that the adhesiveness of the intercellular contact surfaces of tumor clusters in IMPC was strong, while that of the outer surface of tumor clusters was decreased or lost. It is suggested that the adhesive characteristic of the cells in IMPC might play an important role in its higher metastatic potential.     

EXPRESSION OF PCNA, AKP AND ACP DURING DEVELOPMENT OF MOUSE FORE STOMACH CARCINOMA

Objective： To find out the relationship of the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA）, alkaline phosphotase （alkaline phosphotase, AKP） and acid phosphotase （acid phosphotase, ACP） with the development of mouse fore stomach cancerization. Methods： The animal models, including the various stages during the development of NIH mouse fore stomach carcinoma, were made by N-Nitrososarcosineethylester （N-Nitrososarcosineethylester, NSEE）. The mice were sacrificed on the 14th, 28th, 42nd, 56th, 70th and 84th days respectively after mice were irrigated with NSEE. The fore stomach was taken out and dissected. The methods of histopathology, immunohistochemistry and isoenzyme electrophoresis were adopted to study the dynamic changes of cell shape and expression of PCNA, AKP and ACP. Results： On the 42nd and 56th days after NSEE treatment, the expression of PCNA increased gradually along with the cancerization. Comparing with the control, there were significant differences （P〈0.05）. On the 70th and 84th days, the expression of PCNA increased further （compared with the control P〈0.01）. The activity of AKP increased gradually along with the cancerization. On the 14th, 28th, 42nd and 56th days, there were significant differences （P〈0.05）; on the 70th and 84th days, the activity of AKP increased further （P〈0.01）. The activity of ACP also increased on the 14th, 28th, 42nd and 56th days, and there were significant differences on the 70th days （P〈0.05） and on the 84th days （P〈0.01） compared with the control. Conclusion： During the carcinogenesis of NIH mouse fore stomach, the expressions of PCNA, AKP and ACP increased gradually and were consisted with the changes of cell shapes.     

环氧合酶-2和基质金属蛋白酶-9在宫颈癌中的表达及其临床意义

Objective： To investigate the expressions of cyclooxygenase （COX）-2 and matrix metalloproteinase （MMP）-9 in cervical carcinoma and their clinical significance. Methods： Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expressions of COX-2 and MMP-9 in 72 cases of invasive carcinoma of cervix （ICC） and 16 cases of normal cervical epithelium remote from tumor （NCE）. The relationships between the expressions of COX-2, MMP-9 in ICC and some characteristics relating to clinical pathology of cervical carcinoma such as histological grading, lymph node metastasis, stromal invasion and FIGO stage were analyzed statistically. Results： The rates of the positive expressions of COX-2 and MMP-9 in ICC were significantly higher than those in NCE. COX-2： 88.9% （64/72）in group ICC and 12.5% （2/16）in group NCE, P = 0.000; MMP-9： 94.4% （68/72） in group ICC and 43.8% （7/16） in group NCE, P = 0.000. The expression of COX-2 was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis （r= 0.296, P = 0.012） and stromal invasion （r = 0.257, P = 0.029）. The expression of MMP-9 was positively correlated with FIGO stage （r = 0.329, P = 0.005） and histological grading （r = 0.351, P = 0.003）. The expression of COX-2 was positively correlated with the expression of MMP-9 in ICC （r=0.297, P = 0.011）. Conclusion： The overexpressions of COX-2 and MMP-9 were closely related to the invasion and growth of cervical carcinoma. The tissue with the overexpression of COX-2 had strong invasion ability. COX-2 and MMP-9 had synergistic effect on proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Detecting the coexpression of COX-2 and MMP-9 may be of value in further understanding the biological behavior and predicting the prognosis of cervical carcinoma.     

β-连环蛋白在妇科肿瘤诊断中的研究进展

β-catenin is a very unusual protein with multiple functions depending on its cellular localization.The β-catenin gene(CTNNB1)encodes for β-catenin and apart from its well-defined role in cellular adhesion,it is also a component of the Wnt signalling pathway.The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in various normal cellular activities,including determination,proliferation,migration and differentiation in embryonic development and adult homeostasis.Deregulation or constitutive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may lead to cancer formation.Immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin in gynecologic tumor have been reported recently.In normal epithelia,immunoreactivity was strongly observed at the membrane,partially at cytoplasm,nuclear staining of β-catenin was rarely seen in normal cases; In ovarian carcinomas,β-catenin nuclear expression was found more commonly in endometrioid carcinomas,nuclear β-catenin staining seemed to be of prognostic importance; In endometrium carcinomas,β-catenin nuclear expression were more common in pure endometrioid tumors than in unendometrioid tumors,associated with favorable prognosis,the staining pattern was independent of the menopausal status; In synchronous primary cancers of the endometrium and ovary,activating mutations in β-catenin seemed to distinguish synchronous primary tumors from metastatic tumors.