A study on predictors of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Muslim subjects (aged 18 to 20 years) of Karnataka

This study aims to develop Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) predictors for Karnataka Muslim male and female subjects of aged 18 to 20 years. PEFR was recorded in a standing position using mini Wright Peak Flow Meter on one hundred and four (104) healthy male and sixty one (61) healthy female subjects. Anthropometrical measurements i.e. height, weight, body surface area and body mass index were calculated. Statistically significant correlation were found in both sexes between PEFR and standing height (male, r = 0.94, P < 0.001; female, r = 0.95, P < 0.001), weight (male, r = 0.56, P < 0.001; female, r = 0.70, P < 0.001) and body surface area (male, r = 0.68, P < 0.001; female, r = 0.57, P < 0.001). The correlation between PEFR and body mass index were not found statistically significant in both sexes (male, r = 0.081; female, r = 0.17). The prediction equation for Karnataka male and female Muslim subjects (aged 18 to 20 years) based on height, weight and body surface area and multiple regression equation based on all those physical parameters have been developed (PEFR (l/m) (male) = 1.7304 x height + 0.155 x weight + 140.45 x BSA + 5.02; PEFR (l/m) (female) = 2.0448 x height--16.08 weight + 664.697 x BSA--101.24).     

太仓市3-14 岁儿童身材矮小发生率及其影响因素研究

[摘要] 目的:了解太仓市 3 -14 岁儿童身材矮小的流行病学特征及主要影响因素。 方法:采取整群抽样的方法,以 2005 年中 国儿童体格调查数据为标准,分析 2015 年江苏省太仓市 3 ~ 14 岁 63 049 名儿童中矮小症患病率及分布特点。 采用病例对照研 究的方法,发放调查表,由各学校保健老师询问家长后反馈给研究人员,双人独立录入 Epidata 数据库,核对后应用 SPSS18.0 统计软件进行分析,对矮小危险因素进行单因素和多元逐步回归Logistic 回归分析。 结果:2015 年江苏省太仓市 3 -14 岁儿童矮小症患病率为1.86% ,男、女童矮小症患病率分别为 1.87% 和 1.85% ,城区与乡镇儿童矮小症患病率分别为 0.92% 和 2.31% 。 结论: 2015 年江苏省太仓市城区与乡镇儿童身高存在性别差异,身高生长水平总体偏高于 2005 年全国标准,患病率低于 2005 年全国标准,矮小主要影响因素为父亲身高。     

Peak expiratory flow rate in South Indian adults

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was measured with a Wright Peak Flow Meter in 851 healthy men and women of two categories; Group I--students and staff of the Medical College constituting the middle income group, and Group II--healthy individuals from the poorer class with an income of less than Rs.200/-per month, forming the lower income group. In both categories women had much lower values than men, and in both sexes the values in the subjects of the poor income group was significantly lower. The PEFR was found to correlate best with height in subjects below 30 years, and with age in older subjects. The mean values, standard deviations and regression equations are given for the different groups. Present values are also compared with some western and Indian data.     

Decline in respiratory performance of Varanasi population in 22 years: a cross-sectional study

Lung function tests were performed on apparently healthy, non-smoking male volunteers aged 16-50 years normally staying in Varanasi city area. The volunteers were divided into five groups according to their age (16-19 yr, 20-25 yr, 26-30 yr, 31-35 yr, 40-50 yr). Anthropometric determinants (height and weight) and respiratory performance (vital capacity and peak expiratory flow rate) were recorded in the year 1982 and 2004. No significant (P>0.05) difference in height, weight and body mass index was detected between the age matched groups in the year 1982 and 2004. The Vital capacity (VC) was measured in 483 and 387 volunteers in the year 1982 and 2004 respectively; peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured in 200 and 388 subjects in the year 1982 and 2004 respectively. Both VC and PEFR were found to be reduced in the year 2004 as compared to those measured in 1982 from the similar population matched for age groups. They were significantly (P<0.001) lower (20-23% less for VC and 4-14% less for PEFR) in the 20-30 years age group. There was also significant (P<0.05) decrease in PEFR for the population of 16-19 years age group studied in 2004 compared to that of 1982. Significant (P<0.001) deterioration in VC per meter of height was observed in the population above 20 years of age. The mean values of VC (ml/m height) ranging from 2119.27 +/- 316.64 (20-25 years age group) to 1923.29 +/- 225.43 (40-50 years age group) in 1982 have dropped to 1896.54 +/- 289.50 and 1593.64 +/- 419.36 for the respective age groups in 2004. Similarly, mean value of PEFR (L/ min) was found to be reduced from 523.67 +/- 64.69 in 1982 to 471.44 +/- 85.25 in 2004 for the same age groups of 20-25 years. Similar reduction was also recorded for 16-19 yr group and 26-30 yr group of population. Air-pollution and sedentary lifestyles in the population of this city may be probable reasons for the decline in respiratory performance.     

Statistical estimation of height from arm span in north Indian subjects

We measured height and arm span of 400 males and 231 female subjects between 16-83 years of age. Arm span exceeded height in 82.6% subjects. Mean height to arm span ratio was 0.9711 and 0.9816 in males and females respectively, and was not significantly correlated with age. Linear regression equations were generated for both sexes for prediction of height from arm span and age. The use of height to arm span ratio was found to be a less suitable method than the use of regression equations in estimating height from arm span.     

家庭环境和生活习惯对徐州市3～6岁儿童BMI的影响

目的研究对比不同家庭环境和饮食习惯对儿童体质指数(BMI)的影响。方法用整群抽样方法,随机地选择徐州市两所幼儿园的3～6岁儿童519例(男265例,女254例),根据身高、体重,以及不同家庭环境和饮食习惯等的问卷调研,应用多元回归分析和主因子分析法来寻找影响BMI的主要因素。结果男女幼儿的BMI值无显著差异;幼儿现时体重、母亲年龄等与幼儿BMI呈正相关,而幼儿现时身高、父亲年龄等与幼儿BMI呈负相关,此外,对幼儿BMI影响最大的几个指标是:父亲的BMI及分级、家庭收入、母亲的BMI和母亲的身高等;而影响相对较小的几个指标包括:幼儿对甜食、油炸食品和蛋类等的摄人量,以及幼儿出生时的体重等。结论在幼儿时期遗传因素、饮食习惯均对BMI有一定的影响。     

河南省3～18岁儿童矮小症流行状况及影响因素分析

目的 研究河南省3～18岁儿童矮小症流行现状,并进行相关因素分析.方法 采用整群抽样方法抽取河南省具有代表性的10市12667名3～18岁幼儿园及中小学生,分析身高的年龄分布,不同年龄、性别、学校类型矮小症患病率特点,并对影响矮小症患病率的相关因素进行分析.结果 河南省儿童矮小症患病率为5.2％.身高分布总体特点为男童...     

学龄前儿童血压的影响因素分析

目的:探讨学龄前儿童血压的影响因素。方法:2003年7月整群抽取某市3个乡镇的1245名3~6岁的学龄前儿童为对象,血压由专业人员测量,并对有关内容进行问卷调查。结果:单因素分析显示儿童的年龄、身高、体重、脉搏、出生体重、家庭人均收入、父母亲的文化程度、父亲职业、儿童吃水果情况、刷牙、饭前洗手情况、母亲血压等因素与儿童血压有关(P<0.05);多因素分析显示父亲职业、住房类型、儿童低出生体重、儿童的刷牙情况及父亲的高血压史与儿童血压有关(P<0.05),且儿童的身高、脉搏以及家庭的人均收入进入了多元线性回归方程。结论:儿童自身的生长发育、孕期营养不良、遗传、家庭的经济状况、生活环境及儿童的行为与卫生习惯对儿童血压产生影响。高血压的预防应从儿童时期开始,而提倡孕期合理营养、合理地改善家庭状况及养成合理的儿童行为方式对预防高血压具有重要意义。     

学龄儿童人体测量参数及相关生化指标分析

目的探讨学龄儿童人体测量参数与相关生化指标相关性。方法采用分层整群抽样方法, 2021年 3—6月对天津市静海地区学校学龄儿童 1 042例进行体检,并检测相关生化指标,分析其身材、体质量检出情况,并根据其身高标准差积分( Ht SDS)将其分为超高组、正常组、偏矮组及矮小组,比较四组身体测量指标;根据身体质量指数( BMI)将其分为偏轻组、正常组、超重组及肥胖组,比较四组身体测量指标;采用 Spearman相关性分析探索各指标间相关性。结果 1 042例儿童中,超高身材检出率为 14.01%,正常身材检出率为 71.11%,偏矮身材检出率为 10.08%,矮小身材检出率为 4.80%;偏轻体质量检出率为5.57%,正常体质量检出率为 52.50%,超重体质量检出率 17.56%,肥胖体质量检出率为 24.38%;女性儿童中超高身材占比较高,男性儿童中偏矮及矮小身材占比较高( P<0.05);随着年龄增加,学龄儿童三酰甘油( TG)水平呈升高趋势、总胆固醇( TC)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇( HDL-C)水平呈降低趋势( P<0.05);基于 BMI,四组血尿酸水平随着 BMI增加而升高,且肥胖组血尿酸水平最高( P<0.05);四组 HDL-C水平随着 BMI增加而降低,且肥胖组 HDL-C水平最低( P<0.05);四组其他血脂水平比较,差异无统计学意义( P>0.05);基于 Ht SDS,四组 TG、血尿酸、血红蛋白( Hb)水平随 Ht SDS增加而升高,且矮小组 TG、血尿酸、 Hb水平最低( P<0.05);四组其他身体测量指标水平比较,均差异无统计学意义( P>0.05); Spearman相关性分析显示, TC及 HDL-C与学龄儿童年龄呈负相关, TG与学龄儿童年龄呈正相关(P<0.05); LDL-C、HDL-C、TG及血尿酸与 BMI均呈正相关(P<0.05); TG、血尿酸及 Hb均与 Ht SDS呈负相关( P<0.05)。结论学龄儿童随着年龄增加血脂水平降低,血脂及尿酸水平可能影响学龄儿童身高和体质量,血脂及尿酸水平与体质量具有正相关性,与身高具有负相关性, Hb与身高呈负相关。     

毛细支气管炎患儿105例体质指数分析

目的：探讨肥胖与毛细支气管炎的相关性。方法：105例毛细支气管炎患儿和94例体检儿童分别进行身高和体质测量．并计算体质指数（BMI）。BMI=体质量／身高。（米。）。儿童BMI≥同年龄、同性别的第95百分位数或BMI〉30即为肥胖。结果：105例毛细支气管炎患儿中有24例（22．9％）为肥胖,而94例对照组中仅有7例（7．4％）为肥胖儿,差异有显著性。两组儿童在年龄分布和性别构成上差异无显著性。结论：肥胖是毛细支气管炎的高危因素之一。     

不同剂型重组人生长激素对特发性矮小症的疗效分析

目的 分析不同剂型重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小症的疗效差异及与疗效相关的治疗前相关影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月—2021年12月于四川省妇幼保健院儿童保健科诊断为特发性矮小，年龄在4~8岁且使用不同剂型重组人生长激素进行治疗的儿童，比较不同组别儿童不同治疗时期身高增长值、生长因子水平变化等，同时对影响身高增长效果的治疗前相关因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果 接受不同剂型重组人生长激素治疗儿童，2组间除治疗第3个月IGF-BP₃增值具有统计学差异(P<0.05)外，其余治疗各阶段身高、IGF-1及IGF-BP₃增长值在2组间均无明显差异；初始使用年龄对儿童身高增长结局有影响，且差异有统计学意义(OR=0.258，95%CI 0.109~0.609，P=0.002)，其余因素无明显影响。结论 不同剂型重组人生长激素对特发性矮小儿童的治疗疗效无明显差异；初始使用年龄是影响生长激素使用效果的主要因素之一。     

Peak expiratory flow rate in adolescent male swimmers of all India rural swimming meet.

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), an important test to assess overall lung function, was determined in 84 male adolescent subjects, out of which there were 46 and 38 nonswimmers (NS). Their ages varied between 9 to 15 years. It was observed that a significant spurt in PEFR value occurs in S at the age of 12 years. A similar spurt in growth (height & weight) in S, not so apparent in NS, was also observed at the same age period. The enhanced growth was recorded in S at all age groups in comparison with those of NS. It was further observed that with increase of height, the PEFR also increased in both the groups however significant by higher values (P less than 0.05) were obtained in S, as compared with NS having the same height.     

Peak expiratory flow rate and its prediction formulae in Haryanvis

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was studied in 806 healthy 6 to 58 year old Haryanvi males. A steep rise in PEFR is seen with age up to 18 years, little variation occurs between 19 to 26 years and is followed by a gradual fall thereafter. The formulae for the prediction of PEFR from age and height in different age groups have been worked out. Haryanvi children are taller having PEFR and predicted values of PEFR higher than the children of other Indian states and are well comparable to Western children. On the other hand in Haryanvi adults observed and predicted values of PEFR are low. It is possible that economical uplift of this area due to industrialization and green revolution has led to improved nutrition resulting into better physical and functional (PEFR) development of younger generation. It is suggested that in developing states the physical and functional norms should be periodically reviewed.     

Trend of blood pressure in north Indian children

In the summer of 899 School Children (473 boys and 426 girls) aged 6-11 years in Aligarh district, Northern part of India were measured of blood pressure, height and weight. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure have a strong positive correlation with age, height and weight (P < 0.001). There is no significant difference in SBP, DBP and MBP among the boys and girls of corresponding age. Inspite of sample fluctuation weight has shown a strong correlation with blood pressure (P < 0.001) among both sexes in any of the age groups.     

少年儿童血压与年龄、性别、身高相关性研究

目的通过大样本调查,研究少年儿童血压与年龄、性别和身高的关系。方法抽样调查贵阳市区中、小学生7963名(男4016名,女3947名),年龄范围8-17岁。按标准方法测血压、身高等参数。全部资料经统计学处理。结果不同性别少年儿童收缩压(SBP)差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。舒张压(DBP)男、女差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),脉压及平均动脉压男性大于女性(P<0.05);SBP、DBP均与年龄呈显著正相关(SBPr=0.410,P<0.01;DBPr=0.374,P<0.01)、血压与身高亦呈显著正相关(SBPr=0.509、P<0.01;DBPr=0.417,P<0.01)。结论对少年儿童血压的评估必须兼顾年龄、性别和身高等生理因素。     

肥胖儿童骨密度及胰岛素抵抗水平研究

目的探讨儿童肥胖与骨密度及胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法选取7～14岁肥胖儿童60例及正常体重儿童60例,使用超声骨密度仪测量桡骨远端超声波速度（SOS）,并抽血检测空腹血糖及胰岛素水平,采用胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）评估胰岛素抵抗水平,比较两组骨密度及胰岛素抵抗水平的差异。结果肥胖儿童身高、体重、体重指数、腰臀比均显著高于正常儿童（P〈0．01）;肥胖儿童SOS高于正常儿童,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;肥胖儿童HOMA—IR显著高于正常儿童（P〈0．01）。结论肥胖儿童骨密度及胰岛素抵抗水平高于正常体重儿童,减轻体重有利于改善胰岛素抵抗,但须注意科学方式,避免骨量减少。     

Preliminary study of body mass index and its relationship to percent body fat in Harare, Zimbabwe

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this paper were to document the body mass index (BMI) and anthropometric characteristics of the city of Harare urban dwellers of Zimbabwe. To investigate the relationship between BMI, sum of skin folds (SSF) and percent body fat (PBF). DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SETTING: Designated fitness awareness locations in the city of Harare during the 1998 physiotherapy awareness week. SUBJECTS: The participants were 140 apparently healthy adults, males (n = 71) and females (n = 69). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Body Mass Index. RESULT: The minimum and maximum values of BMI were 17.7 and 33.3 for men, 17.6 and 47.8 for women. BMI was not found to increase with aging but PBF on the contrary did. The mean BMI value for the males and females was 24.89 +/- 3.18 and 27.8 +/- 5.89 respectively. There was no significant difference in mean BMI between sexes (p = 0.331). Weight was also similar by gender (p = 0.4691). In both sexes, the BMI showed a significant positive correlation with PBF, SSF, body weight and age (for males r = 0.721, 0.731, 0.900, 0.369, p < 0.01 respectively; and in females r = 0.786, 0.804, 0.940, 0.404 and p < 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION: Women were found to have higher BMI, PBF, SSF than their male counterparts. On the average, men were found to be taller, with no significant difference in weight. There was a linear relationship between BMI and PBF, and all the variables investigated except age and stature in both sexes. Because of the differences of environment and industrialisation, estimation of BMI should involve such factors as ethnicity, race, gender and age.     

特发性矮小生长激素受体外显子3基因多态性与生长激素轴的关系

摘要： 目的 探讨生长激素受体 （GHR） 外显子 3 基因型与特发性矮小 （ISS） 患者生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子- 胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 （GH-IGFs-IGFBPs） 轴的关系。方法 选取 108 例 ISS 儿童, 提取外周血 DNA 并采用多重 PCR 法进行 GHR 外显子 3 基因分型, 根据基因型结果分为 GHRfl 组和 GHRd3 组。测量 2 组身高、 体质量, 并计算体质指数 （BMI） 及 BMI 标准差计分 （SDS）; 测定空腹胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)-1、 胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白（IGFBP） -3, 计算 IGF-1 SDS、 IGFBP3 SDS; 同时进行生长激素激发试验, 测定血清 GH 峰值。108 例中选取 55 例自愿接受重组人生长激素[rhGH, 0.15 IU/ （kg·d） ]治疗 3 个月, 分析基因型与 rhGH 治疗后 IGF-1 水平的关系。结果 108 例 ISS 中 GHRfl 63 例, GHRd3 45 例。2 组间 BMI、 IGF-1、 IGFBP3、 GH 峰值以及 IGF-1 SDS、 IGFBP3 SDS 差异均无统计学意义(均 P > 0.05); 多元逐步回归分析示年龄、 IGFBP3、 lg （BMI）、 lg （GH 峰值） 是 lgIGF-1 的影响因素 （均 P < 0.05）; 55例接受rhGH治疗ISS中GHRd3组 （34例） IGF-1和IGF-1 SDS治疗前后差值 （△IGF-1,△IGF-1 SDS） 高于 GHRfl组 （21例）。结论 ISS儿童GHR外显子3基因多态性可能与IGF-1及IGFBP3水平无关, 与GH敏感性有关。     

The effect of body size on the metabolic clearance of carbamazepine

OBJECTIVES: To examine the profile of the known pathways of carbamazepine (CBZ) metabolism in a group of children and adolescents, and to test for associations with physical measurements, age and plasma hormonal levels. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of children and adolescents attending a neurological outpatients department who were medicated with CBZ. Partial clearances of CBZ to CBZ-epoxide (CBZ-ep), CBZ-10,11-trans-diol (CBZ-diol), 2-hydroxy-CBZ (CBZ-2-OH), 3-hydroxy-CBZ (CBZ-3-OH), CBZ-acridan (CBZ-acr) and their respective glucuronides were calculated by relating 24-h recovery of these metabolites from urine to trough steady-state serum CBZ levels. CBZ and its metabolites were measured by a gradient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Serum CBZ-ep, LH, FSH, prolactin, IGF-I, and testosterone or oestradiol and progesterone were also measured. Surface area (SA) and liver volume (LV) were calculated from height and weight. RESULTS: Twelve males and nine females with an age range of 6-17 years participated in the study. Partial clearance to each of the metabolites was most strongly correlated with the calculated size of the liver relative to body weight. These associations persisted when corrected for potential confounders using multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION: In the age group studied, urinary clearance of CBZ to its known metabolites is proportional to the size of the liver relative to body weight.