糖尿病肾病患者血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1水平变化

目的检测单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)在不同尿微白蛋白水平(UMA)的2型糖尿病(DM)患者空腹血清水平.方法 76名2型糖尿病患者分别按UMA水平分为3组正常蛋白尿(N)组(UMA≤30mg/24h)、微白蛋白尿(Mi)组(UMA在30～300mg/24h)、显性蛋白尿(Ma)组(UMA≥300mg/24h).年龄匹配的16名健康人群为对照组.用ELISA分别检测血清MCP-1和UMA.结果糖尿病组血清MCP-1平均水平为(631.1±248.2)pg/ml,明显高于对照组(359.3±134.3)pg/ml,P=0.0012.Mi组血清MCP-1平均水平为(767.2±301.2)pg/ml,明显高于N组(565.3±145.4)pg/ml,P＜0.05.Ma组与Mi组血清MCP-1平均水平无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 2型DM尤其是早期DN患者空腹血清MCP-1水平明显升高可能预示DN的发生,但是与DN的严重性无关.     

高敏C反应蛋白和白细胞介素-6在2型糖尿病肾病中的作用

目的:探讨糖尿病肾病不同时期血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的变化及它们在糖尿病肾病(DN)发生发展过程中的作用。方法:分别用胶乳增强免疫比浊法和ELISA法测定98例2型糖尿病患者血清hs-CRP和IL-6水平,并根据24小时尿白蛋白排泄率将其分为正常白蛋白尿组(DM1)、微量白蛋白尿组(DM2)和大量白蛋白尿组(DM3),且与40例正常人对照(NC)。尿24小时微量白蛋白(UAER)用放免法测定。结果:98例2型DM患者的hs-CRP和IL-6浓度比40例正常对照显著增加[(13.05±7.84)mg/Lvs(1.05±0.38)mg/L,P<0.05],[(17.65±7.93)ng/Lvs(6.02±2.45)ng/L,P<0.05]。且2型DM的DM1组、DM2组和DM3组患者血清hs-CRP水平相比,依次显著增高(P<0.05和0.01),IL-6浓度也依次增高,分别为(P<0.05和0.01)。hs-CRP与IL-6呈高度正相关(r=0.753,P<0.01),也与UAER呈高度正相关(r=0.782,P<0.01)。结论:hs-CRP和IL-6浓度在2型DM患者中显著增加,且在并发DN的2型DM患者增加更显著,血清hs-CRP和IL-6浓度增高可能是糖尿病肾病的重要危险因素。     

血清、尿Ⅳ型胶原与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的:研究血清、尿液Ⅳ型胶原(T4C)水平与2型糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系.方法:2型糖尿病(DM)患者182例,分为正常蛋白尿组(DMN组),微量蛋白尿组(DMMA组),大量蛋白尿组(DMP组);对照组(C组)31例,检测血清T4C,尿液T4C、Cr.结果:①血清T4C在DMN组与C组区别无显著性,在DMMA组高于C组和DMN组(P＜0.01),DMP组高于C组、DMN组(P＜0.01)和DMMA组(P＜0.05);尿T4C/Cr在DMN组与C组差异无显著性,在DMMA组、DMP组明显高于C组(P＜0.01),DMP组较DMN组明显升高(P＜0.05),但与DMMA组差异无显著性.②相关分析显示:DM患者尿Alb/Cr尿T4C/Cr(r=0.235,P＜0.01)、血清T4C(r=0.376,P＜0.01)均呈显著的正相关.结论:2型DM患者血、尿T4C与尿Alb排出有一致性升高的趋势.尿T4C是晚期DN指标;血清T4C既是DM早期肾病的指标,也是晚期DN指标.     

血清白介素-18与2型糖尿病肾病的相关性研究

目的探讨血清白介素-18（IL-18）与2型糖尿病肾病（DN）的相关性。方法根据尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）将98例2型糖尿病患者（DM组）分为正常白蛋白尿组（NA组,34例）、微量白蛋白尿组（MA组,33例）和临床蛋白尿组（CP组,31例）,并设正常对照组（NC组）25例,同时检测各组血清IL-18、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、尿白蛋白和血脂、血压等指标,并记录糖尿病病程和计算BMI。结果（1）DM组血清IL-18中位数水平较NC组显著增高（P〈0.01）;DM组血清IL-18水平与糖尿病病程、HbA1C、hs-CRP、UAER呈正相关（均P〈0.01）,而NC组血清IL-18水平与HbA1C、hs-CRP、UAER无相关（均P〉0.05）;hs-CRP、糖尿病病程、HbA1C、收缩压、IL-18与UAER呈正相关（均P〈0.01）。（2）MA和CP组的血清IL-18水平均较NA组显著升高（均P〈0.01）,而CP组水平则较MA组显著升高（P〈0.01）。结论血清IL-18水平在2型DM患者中显著升高,且与HhA1C水平相关;同时血清IL-18水平的变化可能与2型DN早期阶段的病情进展相关。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清IL-18水平测定

目的:观察2型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清IL-18水平变化.方法:酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定90例DN患者(临床白蛋白、微量白蛋白及正常白蛋白尿各30例)和30例正常人血清IL-18含量,检测尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、血肌酐 (SCr)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖等指标.结果:DN患者血清IL-18水平较正常对照组升高,且随UAER的升高而逐渐升高(P<0.05).DN患者IL-18水平与UAER、TC和TG呈正相关(r分别为0.418,0.019和0.032,P均<0.05),而与SCr、空腹血糖无关(r分别为0.468,0.361,P>0.05).结论:IL-18可能参与了DN的形成与发展;IL-18有望成为判断DN肾损害程度的指标之一.     

血中转化生长因子β与糖尿病肾病相关性的研究

目的探讨细胞转化生长因子(transforminggrowthfactor,TGF-β)在糖尿病肾病（diabeticnephropathy,DN）发病机制和发展过程中的作用。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法（enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay,ELISA)检测患者血清中活性TGF-β的含量。结果单纯糖尿病组患者血清中的TGF-β含量(12.7±5.0)pg/ml与健康对照组(12.6±4.4)pg/ml相比无明显差异,P>0.05。DN组微量白蛋白尿组血清TGF-β含量(65.3±13.0)pg/ml明显高于单纯糖尿病组,P<0.01。DN组临床蛋白尿期患者血清TGF-β含量（136.4±21.4）pg/ml明显高于微量白蛋白尿期患者血清中的含量（65.3±13.0）pg/ml,P<0.01。而且DN患者血清TGF-β含量与尿白蛋白排泄率成正相关（r=0.64,P<0.05）。结论在糖尿病肾病早期,患者血中TGF-β含量就已开始增多,而且随着糖尿病肾病的进展,患者血中TGF-β含量明显增加,同时血清TGF-β含量的变化与尿白蛋白排泄率成正相关。本实验说明TGF-β在糖尿病肾病的发病及发展中起着重要作用,可把血中TGF-β含量变化做为糖尿病肾病早期诊断的指标。     

老年2型糖尿病患者白细胞介素与尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值的相关性

目的：探讨老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清中不同类型白细胞介素水平变化,及其与尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值（ACR）间的关系。方法：117例老年T2DM患者根据尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）分为无蛋白尿组（n=29）、微量蛋白尿组（n=48）和大量蛋白尿组（n=40）。30例体检健康老人作为对照组。酶联免疫吸附试验测定受试者血清中白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、白细胞介素-18（IL-18）水平。同时测定ACR。对各组白细胞介素水平差异及与ACR相关性进行统计学分析。结果：与对照组比较,各组T2DM患者血清IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-18显著升高,IL-10显著降低（P〈0.05）;大量蛋白尿组和微量蛋白尿组IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-18水平高于无蛋白尿组;大量蛋白尿组IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-18水平高于微量蛋白尿组,各组差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;T2DM患者血清IL-6、IL-8与ACR呈正相关（r=0.35,P〈0.01;r=0.42,P〈0.01）。结论：IL-6、IL-8可能参与糖尿病肾病的发生发展,是早期诊断糖尿病肾损害的敏感指标之一。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂、白细胞介素-1β和超敏C反应蛋白的检测研究

目的研究2型糖尿病肾病患者(DN)血清白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1Ra)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)水平,为进一步阐明DN的病理过程提供依据。方法选择87例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者以及30例健康对照,根据尿白蛋白排泄量将糖尿病患者分为3组:<30mg/d的单纯DM组(33例),30～300mg/d的早期DN组(28例),>300mg/d的临床DN组(26例)。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)以及免疫比浊法检测各组血清IL-1Ra、IL-1β和hsCRP水平,并比较各组差异。结果4组之间在平均年龄、性别比例、体重指数(BMI)等方面差异无显著性(P>0.05)。临床DN组患者血清IL-1Ra、IL-1β和hsCRP水平最高,分别为(387.4±55.3)pg/mL、(61.3±12.1)pg/mL和(8.26±1.87)mg/L,显著高于单纯T2DM、早期DN以及健康对照组[单纯DM组:(201.7±67.8)pg/mL、(15.8±6.0)pg/mL和(3.18±1.21)mg/L;早期DN组:(219.3±57.2)pg/mL、(29.1±8.1)pg/mL和(5....     

2型糖尿病早期肾病尿蛋白与炎性因子相关分析

目的 观察2型糖尿病早期肾病尿蛋白与炎性因子的相关性.方法 2型糖尿病共90例,其中早期糖尿病肾病(DN)组 60例,初次诊断2型糖尿病但无蛋白尿(DM)组30例,健康者(NC组)30名.采用全自动生化分析仪测定血糖,血脂、血肌酐(SCr)、C反应蛋白(CRP)等,采用于式化学法测定24 h尿蛋白,放免法测定尿自蛋白排泄率(UAER),酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定血清转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、白细胞介索(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、IL-18.结果 ①DM组、DN组的TNF-α、IL-6、IL-18、TGF-β1、CRP水平均显著高于NC组(P值分别<0.05、0.01),而DN组与DM组间的差异均有统计学意义(P值分别<0.05、0.01).②将DM、DN组的所有患者合并计算,UAER与血清TGF-β1(r=0.285)、CRP(r=0.317),TNF-α(r=0.658)、IL-6(r=0.556)、IL-18(r=0.392)、24 h尿蛋白(r=0.514)、尿白蛋白/肌酐(ALB/Cr)(r=0.691)、病程(r=0.806)均呈正相关(P值分别<0.05、0.01).多元逐步回归分析显示,UAER与病程、TNF-α、24 h尿蛋白呈线性回归关系.回归方程为UAER=(-12.132)+(0.449)病程+(0.692)TNF-α+(78.971)24 h尿蛋白.结论 2型糖尿病及糖尿病早期肾病患者相关血清炎性因子水平升高,炎症参与糖尿病肾病的发生、发展.     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清Ang-2、VEGF的变化

目的探讨2型糖尿病肾病（DN）患者血清血管生成素-2（Ang-2）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平变化。方法根据尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）将82例2型糖尿病患者分成正常白蛋白尿组（DM）、微量白蛋白尿组（DNl）和大量白蛋白尿组（DN2）;应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELAISA）测定各组血清ANG-2、VEGF。结果 DNl组的血清Ang-2水平高于DM组（P〈0.01）,DN2组的血清Ang-2水平高于DNl组（P〈0.01）。DN1组的血清VEGF水平高于DM组（P〈0.01）,DN2组的血清VEGF水平高于DN1组（P〈0.01）。血清Ang-2与VEGF、UAER呈正相关（r=0.736,r=0.472,P〈0.01）,与Cr呈负相关（r=-0.238,P〈0.05）;血清VEGF与Cr、UAER呈正相关（r=0.261,r=0.567,P〈0.01）,与Cr呈负相关（r=-0.259,P〈0.05）。结论 2型DN患者血清Ang-2和VEGF水平随着DN的进展而逐渐增高,可能通过参与肾脏新生血管的形成而参与DN的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.