抗核小体抗体诊断系统性红斑狼疮的价值

280份血清,取自健康体检者50例，类风湿关节炎（RA）74例，系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）106例．其他结缔组织病50例．分别检测其抗核抗体（ANA），抗双链DNA（dsDNA），抗史密斯（Sm），抗组蛋白（His）及抗核小体抗体（AnuA）抗体。结果5种抗体诊断SLE的敏感性和特异性为；ANA96．2%、31％，AnuA80．1％、93％，dsDNA56．6%、92％，Sm49．7％、90％，His54．7％、85%。ANA、AnuA敏感性明显高于其他3种抗体（P〈0．001）．AnuA、dsDNA、HiS、Sm的特异性明显高于ANA（P〈0．001）。AnuA是SLE的又一种特异性抗体，其与ANA、dsDNA抗体及Sm抗体、His抗体联合检测对SLE的诊断有重要意义。     

抗核糖体P蛋白抗体测定在神经精神狼疮中的意义

目的探讨抗核糖体P蛋白抗体在神经精神狼疮中的意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附测定法，检测69份系统性红斑狼疮患者血清（包括神经精神狼疮患者35例，无神经精神症状狼疮患者34例）和12份神经精神狼疮患者脑脊液中的抗核糖体P蛋白抗体。结果血清中抗核糖体P蛋白抗体在神经精神狼疮患者中的阳性率为57％，在无神经精神症状狼疮患者中的阳性率仅为3％，二者在抗体水平和阳性率上差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。弥漫性神经精神狼疮患者抗体阳性率为67％，显著高于局灶性神经精神狼疮患者的14％（P〈0．05）。神经精神狼疮中20例抗核糖体P蛋白抗体阳性患者系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动指数显著高于15例阴性患者（P〈0．05）；阳性患者精神症状（类精神分裂症、抑郁症）出现率明显高于阴性患者（P〈0．05）。12例神经精神狼疮患者脑脊液中抗核糖体P蛋白抗体均为阴性。结论血清中抗核糖体P蛋白抗体水平与神经精神狼疮的精神症状及病清活动度高度相关。     

抗核小体抗体、抗双链DNA抗体和抗超敏双链DNA抗体与系统性红斑狼疮的相关性研究

目的 通过检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清中抗核小体抗体(AnuA)、抗双链DNA (dsDNA)抗体和抗超敏双链DNA (dsDNA-NcX)抗体的水平,分析其在SLE患者中的敏感性、特异性及与其他实验室指标的相关性.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法分别检测91例SLE患者、45例非SLE疾病对照和46例健康对照组血清中AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体和抗dsDNA-NcX抗体的水平,比较3种抗体对SLE诊断的敏感性和特异性,评价其与其他实验室指标的关系.结果 SLE患者AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体和抗dsDNA-NcX抗体的阳性率分别为49.45％、56.04％和61.54％;特异性分别为94.51％、94.51％和100.00％.AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体和抗dsDNA-NcX抗体均与SLEDAI评分呈正相关(r=0.50,P=0.00;r =0.49,P=0.00;r =0.42,P=0.00).ANA的滴度与AnuA的浓度呈正相关(r=0.30,P=0.00),与抗dsDNA抗体的滴度无相关性(r=0.19,P=0.08),与抗dsDNA-NcX抗体的浓度呈正相关(r=0.50,P=0.00).红细胞沉降率在抗dsDNA-NcX抗体、抗dsDNA抗体阴性和阳性组间比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.76,P=0.38;x2=0.13,P=0.18),而在AnuA阴性与阳性组间比较差异有统计学意义(x2 =20.31,P=0.00).CRP及24小时尿蛋白定量在三者阴性与阳性组间比较差异无统计学意义.补体C3、C4在AnuA、抗dsDNA抗体和抗dsDNA-NcX抗体的阴性与阳性组间比较差异有统计学意义(x2=9.84,P=0.00;x2=16.53,P=0.00;x2 =10.33,P=0.00;x2 =11.61,P=0.00;x2 =12.69,P=0.00;x2=8.77,P=0.00).胱抑素在抗dsDNA抗体和AnuA的阴性与阳性组间比较差异无统计学意义,而在抗dsDNA-NcX抗体阴性与阳性组间比较差异有统计学意义(x2 =4.04,P=0.04).结论 抗dsDNA-NcX抗体可作为SLE的特异性抗体之一,其敏感性和特异性均高于抗dsDNA抗体和AnuA,三者均与SLE的疾病活动相关,联合检测有助于评估病情.     

抗核小体抗体测定在系统性红斑狼疮诊断中的意义

目的　评价抗核小体抗体 (AnuA)对系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)诊断的敏感性和特异性 ,并了解其与SLE活动性的关系及与其他自身抗体的关系。方法　用酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)测定方法检测SLE患者、疾病对照组 (包括原发性干燥综合征、多发性肌炎、皮肌炎、系统性硬化症 )和正常对照组血清中的AnuA ,并记录SLE患者的各种临床表现及实验室指标 ,分析其与AnuA的关系。结果　 10 3例SLE患者中 6 9 9%血清AnuA阳性 ,6 6例疾病对照组仅 3 0 %阳性 ,30名正常对照组全部阴性 ;SLE组患者AnuA阳性率显著高于疾病对照组和正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,AnuA在SLE中检测的敏感性和特异性分别为 6 9 9%和 97 9%。AnuA阳性组的SLE患者肾损害、皮肤损害的发生率(6 1 1%、70 8% )明显高于AnuA阴性组 (2 9 0 %、32 3% ) (P <0 0 5 ) ;AnuA阳性组与AnuA阴性组相比 ,在年龄、性别、病程上差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。AnuA滴度的高低与SLE患者的SLEDAI评分有明显相关性 (r=0 2 82 ,P <0 0 5 )。抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、快速狼疮因子 (DNP)、抗组蛋白抗体 (AHA)阴性的SLE患者AnuA的阳性率分别为 6 5 6 %、6 8 0 %、6 3 9%、6 4 1%。结论　AnuA对SLE诊断的敏感性高、特异性强 ;它与SLE疾病活动性密切相关 ,对抗dsDNA抗体、Sm、DNP及AHA     

SmD1抗体检测在系统性红斑狼疮诊断中的意义

目的 研究抗SmD1抗体及其他特异性抗体在系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）诊断中的意义。方法 测定了44例SLE及136例非SEE（包括干燥综合征、未分化结缔组织病、强直性脊柱炎、类风湿关节炎）患者血清中的自身抗体。利用免疫印迹法测定抗SmD1抗体、抗核小体抗体（ANuA）和抗SSA60000抗体，间接免疫荧光法测定抗核抗体（ANA）和抗双链DNA（dsDNA）抗体．免疫斑点法检测抗Sm抗体。结果 抗SmD1抗体在SLE患者中的阳性率为47.7％，高于抗Sm抗体阳性率18．2％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而且其抗SmD1抗体的特异性达97.1％。结论 抗SmD1抗体在狼疮的诊断中有很高的特异性，敏感性也高于抗Sm抗体。5种特异性抗体在SLE诊断中有明显的互补作用，联合检测可明显提高其对SLE诊断的敏感性。     

系统性红斑狼疮血清抗核小体抗体水平及意义的探讨

目的 研究抗核小体抗体(AnuA)在系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE)患者血清中的水平及其相关影响因素，探讨AnuA在SLE诊治中的作用和意义。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法(EUSA)测定120例初诊SLE患者、55例其他风湿性疾病和30名健康对照血清中AnuA水平。同时记录各种临床表现，检测并分析其治疗前的其他自身抗体和实验室指标。结果 自身抗体在SLE及其他风湿病对照组的阳性率分别为AnuA56％和7％，抗dsDNA抗体35％和1％，抗Sm抗体24％和0。AnuA与SLE患者性别、年龄、病程无相关性，对sLE的诊断敏感性和特异性分别为55．8％、9513％，对狼疮肾炎(1upus nephritis，LN)的诊断敏感性和特异性分别为77．％、64．5%。AnuA与肝脏损害和疾病活动呈线性相关(t=3．152，2．171，P＜O．05)。AnuA分别与抗dsDNA、抗Sm联合检测对SLE诊断敏感性提高27％、40％（X^2值分别为38．930、18．161，P＜O．01)。结论AnuA在SLE血清中水平显著增高，AnuA测定是SLE诊断和治疗监测中有价值的新的实验室检测指标之一，与抗dsDNA抗体联合检测可提高诊断SLE、LN的敏感性和特异性。     

抗核小体抗体对儿童系统性红斑狼疮诊断价值及与疾病活动度的相关性研究

目的 评价抗核小体抗体(AnuA)单独及与抗核抗体、抗Sm抗体和抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体联合检测对儿童系统性红斑狼疮(JSLE)的诊断价值,探讨AnuA与临床特点的相关性.方法 选取80例JSLE患者,56例非SLE的儿童疾病对照组,包括结缔组织病、白塞病、脊柱关节病、类风湿关节炎、皮肌炎、硬皮病,并留血清待检.采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清AnuA,间接免疫荧光法检测抗核抗体;联合ELISA法和间接免疫荧光法检测抗dsDNA抗体,其中任一种检测方法结果阳性即判为阳性;免疫印迹法检测抗Sm抗体,并记录JSLE患者的临床特点.收集同期临床资料及相关实验室检查结果,进行SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评分,分析JSLE患者AnuA抗体与上述指标的相关性.结果 AnuA对JSLE诊断的敏感度为76.25％,特异度为98.21％.AnuA与抗dsDNA抗体及抗Sm抗体联合检测的敏感度分别为83.05％、86.44％,特异度96.43％、98.21％,敏感度明显高于二者单项检测的敏感度,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).AnuA与红细胞、血红蛋白呈负相关(r值分别为-0.499、-0.503,P值分别为0.000、0.000),与红细胞沉降率(ESR)、血尿、低补体、抗dsDNA抗体呈正相关(r值分别为0.388、0.227、0.303、0.531,P值分别为0.000、0.042、0.006、0.000),与SLEDAI评分呈正相关(r=0.303,P=0.000).结论 AunA对JSLE的诊断具有较高的敏感度和特异度,与抗dsDNA抗体和抗Sm抗体联合检测可以提高诊断的敏感度.AunA不仅可以作为JSLE的诊断指标,还可以评估疾病活动性,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

乙型肝炎的自身抗体检测分析及临床意义

目的：检测乙型肝炎自身抗体的阳性率,探讨乙型肝炎自身抗体存在的临床意义。方法：分别采用间接免疫荧光法（IIF）和免疫印迹法（Western-blot）检测453例乙型肝炎、162例自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）和96例正常人抗核抗体（ANA）的阳性率、ANA阳性滴度、核型和抗双链DNA抗体（dsDNA）的阳性率以及肝炎相关自身抗体：抗平滑肌抗体（SMA）、抗肝肾微粒体抗体（LKM）的阳性率。应用酶法检测患者的ALT和AST,实时荧光定量PCR技术检测HBV DNA。结果：①乙肝组ANA的阳性率为22．7％,ANA以低滴度（1：100）为主,仅3例乙肝后肝硬化的滴度为1：320;ANA核型以均质型为主,仅5例为斑点型,显著低于AIH组（P〈0．01）。其中急性乙肝、慢性乙肝、重症乙肝和乙肝后肝硬化ANA的阳性率分别为5．2％、22．8％、24．2％和37．9％,慢性乙肝、重症乙肝和乙肝后肝硬化患者ANA的阳性率显著高于急性乙肝（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,乙肝后肝硬化组明显高于乙肝炎组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。②ANA阳性乙肝患者伴有dsDNA抗体,用Western-blot法检测dsDNA的阳性率为10．34％,显著高于ANA阴性的乙肝患者（P〈0．05）,乙肝组如DNA的阳性率为2．42％与AIH组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③乙型肝炎存在SMA和LKM,但仅有较低的阳性率分别为4．63％和3．31％,显著低于AIH组（P〈0．01）。④乙型肝炎ANA阳性组的ALT、AST水平和HBVDNA阳性率显著高于ANA阴性组（P〈0．05）;乙肝组ALT、AST水平和HBVDNA阳性率显著高于AIH组（P〈0．01）。结论：HBV感染不仅引起肝组织损害,还诱导产生多种以低滴度为主的自身抗体。自身抗体的产生与肝损伤程度有一定相关性,并与HBV复制水平相关;其在探讨乙肝发生、发展机制和病因研究中有一定的意义。     

抗核小体抗体对系统性红斑狼疮的诊断价值及临床意义

目的评价抗核小体抗体(AnuA)对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)诊断的敏感性和特异性。方法选取2004-01—2004-12天津市第一中心医院风湿免疫科住院患者及门诊健康体检者,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测64例SLE患者、46例疾病对照组和30例正常对照组血清中的AnuA。结果64例SLE患者血清AnuA阳性率为73·44%,46例疾病对照组为13·04%,正常对照组全部为阴性;AnuA对SLE诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为73·44%、88·68%。AnuA在狼疮肾炎中的阳性率比在非狼疮肾炎中高(χ2=5·246,P=0·022)。在抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗组蛋白抗体(AHA)阴性的SLE患者中AnuA阳性率分别为60·71%、69·57%、64·10%。结论AnuA在SLE血清中水平明显增高,AnuA测定在SLE诊断和治疗中有重要意义,特别对抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗组蛋白抗体阴性的SLE的诊断有重要意义。     

抗核小体抗体与抗C1q抗体在狼疮肾炎血清的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨抗核小体抗体与抗C1q抗体在狼疮肾炎（lupus nephritis，LN）患者血清的表达及其临床意义。方法使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对46例LN患者血清进行检测，并与31例无肾炎临床表现的SLE患者作对照。结果LN患者血清中抗核小体抗体与抗C1q抗体浓度及阳性率显著高于SLE对照组（P〈0．01）。抗双链DNA（dsDNA）抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗nRNP抗体、抗心磷脂（aCL）IgG抗体有较高的阳性率，与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。将抗核小体抗体、抗C1q抗体、抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗nRNP抗体和aCLIgG抗体分别引入Logistic回归进行统计分析，结果显示入选的自变量包括抗核小体抗体、抗C1q抗体、抗dsDNA抗体（P〈0．05）。结论在LN患者中，存在着抗核小体抗体、抗C1q抗体的高表达。抗核小体抗体及抗C1q抗体在LN发病中起重要的作用。抗核小体抗体、抗C1q抗体、抗dsDNA抗体是反映SLE患者并发肾脏损害的重要指标，在LN诊断和判定其活动性方面有重要作用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.