原发性鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤八例临床分析

探讨原发性鼻腔，鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法：对８例该类患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：病理形态以多种细胞类型和组织形态混合存在为主要特点，无色素型黑色素瘤Ｓ－１００型蛋均阳性，所有患者均得到手术治疗组切缘阴性。术后加放疗６例，复发３例，复发灶与原病灶同侧，复发时间在术后１年左右，１年和２年生存率分别为７５％和６２％。２例生存期超过５年，均系手术加放疗者。结论：Ｓ－１００蛋白是无色素     

鼻咽癌救援性手术新进路的探讨：上颌骨—鼻内翻进路切除术

目的：探讨鼻咽原发癌救援性外科治疗的新进路。材料与方法：６例鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽复发患者，采用上颌骨－鼻内翻进路切除鼻咽复发癌。结果：６例鼻咽癌放疗后隐窝或侧壁的复发癌，经上颌骨－鼻内翻后，能够充分为露鼻咽及相邻的部分鼻咽旁组织，进行根治性手术切除，手术切缘病理均为阴性。术后伤口按期愈合，且口腔功能不受影响。术后随访１年未见复发。结论：上颌骨－鼻内翻进路能够充分暴露鼻咽及鼻咽旁间隙，将鼻咽及扩展到鼻咽     

腹壁韧带样瘤84例临床分析

[目的]探讨腹壁韧带样瘤的临床特点和治疗方法。[方法]回顾分析1988年1月～2007年12月收治的84例腹壁韧带样瘤患者的临床资料，其中首次治疗69例，外院治疗后复发15例，全组病例均经手术治疗，5例手术后有残留者给予术后放疗。[结果]全组84例病例中．79例患者行广泛切除术，5例姑息性切除，留有肉眼肿瘤残留。行广泛切除术者中，73例病理切缘阴性，6例病理切缘阳性，其中69例首次治疗患者中，64例获得病理切缘阴性．外院治疗后复发病例15例中，5例姑息性切除者皆留有肉眼肿瘤残留；9例病理切缘阴性。切缘阴性局部复发率6．8％．切缘阳性复发率为33％。术后残留病例经放疗后，2例肿瘤消退，1例消退后3年复发再手术，2例稳定。[结论]手术是治疗腹壁韧带样瘤的首要治疗方法，首次治疗的正确性和获得病理切缘阴性对控制局部复发非常重要，放疗是对手术不彻底的有效补充治疗手段。     

Ⅳ期声门型喉癌的治疗与预后分析

背景与目的:Ⅳ期声门型喉癌预后较差。本研究探讨Ⅳ期声门型喉癌的治疗方式以及颈淋巴结转移、手术切缘情况对预后的影响。方法:收集88例Ⅳ期声门型喉癌的临床资料,回顾性分析不同治疗方式、有否颈淋巴结转移及手术切缘阴性和阳性患者的生存情况。结果:Ⅳ期声门型喉癌总的3、5年生存率分别为71.6%、63.0%;采用单纯手术、手术加术后放疗、化疗加放疗及手术加化疗治疗的患者,其生存率差异均无统计学意义(P=0.729);初治时有淋巴结转移的患者比初治时无淋巴结转移的患者预后差(P=0.015);无淋巴结转移的患者中有隐性淋巴结转移者与无隐性淋巴结转移者生存率差异均无统计学意义(P=0.474);手术切缘阳性者术后放疗与阴性者相比,其生存率差异均有统计学意义(P=0.016)。结论:N分期是影响Ⅳ期声门型喉癌患者预后的重要因素,初治有淋巴结转移者预后差。手术切缘阳性者术后放疗生存率低于手术切缘阴性者。     

局部晚期肝门部胆管癌根治术后放疗的价值

目的 回顾性分析及评价肝门部胆管癌根治性术后放疗的结果。方法 对接受根治术的肝门部胆管癌术后病理切缘阳性的47例进行分组研究，其中28例接受术后放疗（S＋RT组），19例未进行术后放疗（S组）。S＋RT组放疗采用6、15MVX线外照射，靶区剂量45～62Gy，中位剂量52Gy。术后中位随访期30个月（4～113个月）。结果 全组5年生存率为28％，中位生存期19．6个月。S＋RT组5年生存率、中位生存期显著高于S组，分别为34％、29个月和14％、10个月（P=0．015）。并发症发生率S组与S＋RT组分别为11％和11％，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 根治术结合放疗可明显延长切缘阳性患者的生存期，早、晚期放射反应可以接受。     

52例原发鼻腔鼻窦黏膜恶性黑色素瘤疗效分析

目的：分析原发鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤疗效及放疗在其治疗中作用。方法回顾分析2001—2014年间我院收治原发鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤52例临床资料,其中单纯手术18例,手术联合放疗31例（手术＋术后放疗24例、术前放疗＋手术7例）,单纯放疗3例。使用倾向配比评分法对手术联合放疗组与单纯手术组配对分析。中位随访时间59个月。全组5年LC、DMFS、DFS、OS分别为49％、48％、22％、45％。配对后手术联合放疗5年LC 明显高于单纯手术（88％∶43％,P＝0．028）,但5年DMFS相近（67％∶57％,P＝0．955）、DFS相近（58％∶24％,P＝0．131）、5年OS也相近（67％∶67％, P＝0．727）。术前放疗＋手术组、手术＋术后放疗组手术切缘阴性率分别为100％和50％（ P＝0．004）。结论手术联合放疗可提高原发鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤LC率,术前放疗增加手术切缘阴性率。     

48例胸腺瘤复发转移的治疗与预后

目的 回顾性分析48例胸腺瘤复发转移患者的治疗结果。方法 48例符合入组条件的复发转移性胸腺瘤进入研究，收集临床资料和随访资料，采用SPSS10．0统计软件，Kaplan-Meier方法 统计总生存率和再治疗后生存率，Cox回归比例风险模型用于影响预后的多因素分析。结果 48例中，27例复发，均为纵隔内复发；26例转移。复发肿瘤手术再切除1例，手术＋术后放疗7例，放疗10例，放疗＋化疗4例，化疗5例，复发放疗中接受二程放疗者为14例。转移患者中接受放疗9例，放疗＋化疗4例，化疗12例，手术＋化疗1例。全组5、10年总生存率分别为55％、31％，中位生存期5年（1．0～32．0年）。全组再治疗后的5、10年生存率分别为38％、25％，中位生存期2．7年（0．3～14．5年）。多因素分析表明无任何因素影响再治疗后生存率。结论全组再治疗后的生存结果提示对胸腺瘤复发或转移者仍应采取积极的挽救性治疗。     

颅咽管瘤24例临床分析

目的：研究颅咽管瘤常见症状及不同的治疗方法与预后的关系。方法：回顾性分析24例颅咽管瘤患者手术切除后放射治疗的结果。结果：24例颅咽管瘤患者全切术后放疗6例，复发1例，5a生存率100％。次全切除术后放疗10例，复发2例，5a生存率90％。部分切除加放疗8例，复发4例，5a生存率62．5％。结论：颅咽管瘤手术加放疗是综合治疗的主要手段，患者的预后与手术切除的程度及放疗剂量有关。     

6例女性生殖道无色素性黑色素瘤临床分析

目的：探讨原发性女性生殖道无色素性黑色素瘤（Amelanotic melanoma in female genital tract，AMFGT）临床病理特点、诊断、治疗及预后方法：对中国医学科学院肿瘤医院1991年1月至2007年12月间收治的6例AMFGT病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果：6例AMFGT中原发于外阴、阴道、宫颈各2例。患者发病时年龄在28～67岁之间，中位年龄52岁；4倒为绝经后女性。按照国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）分期为Ⅰa～Ⅱa期，4例患者术前曾分别被误诊为绒毛膜癌、肉瘤、腺癌和淋巴瘤，其中2名患者经免疫组织化学染色检测S—100蛋白及抗黑色素瘤特异性抗体（HMB－45），结果阳性而更正诊断为本病。所有病例术后病理检查S－100蛋白及波状蛋白（Vimentin）均为阳性。5例检测HMB－45中3例阳性。本组治疗后随诊8～30个月（中位15．5个月），6例患者中4例分别在初次诊断后的6、6、12、19个月复发．其中3例于初次诊断后的13、18、19个月死于本病，1例带瘤生存、另2例治疗后分别生存8个月和30个月，无复发迹象。结论：AMFGT由于缺少色素沉着易被误诊，采用正确的方法活检并结合S－100、Vimentin及HMB－45等免疫组织化学指标检测是确诊本病的关键，治疗上以手术切除作为主要治疗手段术后的辅助治疗包括化疗、放疗和生物治疗，总体预后差。避免对本病的误诊是治疗的前提。     

头颈部腺样囊性癌的临床病理分析

目的：分析腺样囊性癌的临床病理特点,探讨影响预后的有关因素。方法：对1989年－1999年连续就诊的109例腺样囊性癌病例进行了回顾性研究,对放疗、手术切缘、神经侵犯、病理类型等对预后的影响作了分析。结果：全部病例中复发37例,远处转移29例,25例死于本病,5例失访,总体5年生存率为63．4％。放疗病例与未放疗病例的5年生存率差异无显著性;实性型与其他病理类型的5年生存率差异也无显著性;切缘阳性与阴性及有无沿神经侵犯病例的5年生存率差异均有显著性。结论：影响腺样囊性癌预后的主要临床病理因素是切缘阳性及沿神经生长。     

恶性黑色素瘤的生物治疗和生物化疗

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of postoperative biochemotherapy on survival of patients with malignant melanoma. METHODS: One hundred and five patients with malignant melanoma received postoperative biotherapy/biochemotherapy or radiotherapy/chemotherapy. The median time of follow-up was 3 years (from 1 to 5 years). RESULTS: The median survival time (MST) in the whole series of patients was 27 months (range: 2-72 months). The MST in patients received postoperative biotherapy/biochemotherapy (57 cases) was 32 months with a 3-year survival rate of 36.8%. That in patients received postoperative radiotherapy/chemotherapy (54 cases) was 20 months. CONCLUSION: Biotherapy/biochemotherapy following surgery may significantly improve survival in patients with malignant melanoma.     

涎腺恶性肿瘤174例疗效观察

目的 分析影响涎腺恶性肿瘤治疗疗效的因素.方法 本文回顾总结收治的涎腺恶性肿瘤174例患者的临床资料,患者先行接受手术治疗,术后大部分患者加用60Co、X线外照射28 ～76 Gy.结果 全组总的5a生存率为66.3％,10 a生存率为57.5％,15 a生存率为46.4％,20 a生存率为11.2％.术后放疗、手术完全切除、病变在腮腺和早期患者的预后较好,其5 a生存率高于单纯手术、肿瘤残留、病变在其他涎腺和晚期患者,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 涎腺恶性肿瘤以手术加放疗为宜,疗效与手术是否完全切除、病变部位及分期有关.     

局部晚期肝门部胆管癌根治术后放射治疗

Objective： To evaluate the outcome of radiotherapy （RT） in locally advanced hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods： During March 1992 to December 1997, 47 patients who had positive microscopic surgical margins after surgery were treated by postoperative radiotherapy （S＋RT, 28 patients, with a median dose of 50 Gy, 45-62 Gy） and surgery alone （S, 19 patients）. The median follow-up was 30 months （4-113 months）. Results： The overall 5-year survival rate was 28%, with a median survival length of 19.6 months while 5-year survival rates of S＋RT group and S group were 34% and 14%, with median survival lengths of 29 and 10 months respectively （P=0.015）. The occurrence rate of complications was 11% in either group. Conclusion： Postoperative radiotherapy significantly prolongs survival lengths in patients with hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma who had positive microscopic surgical margins. Radiation toxicities are tolerable.     

舌体癌121例治疗结果分析

目的回顾性分析比较手术治疗和放射治疗对舌体癌远期疗效的影响以及相关因素.方法1987年3月至1995年6月收治的121例舌体鳞癌接受了根治性治疗.25例采用根治性体外放射治疗(R),62例为联合根治手术治疗(S),34例为联合根治手术加术后放射治疗(S+R).用Kaplan-Meier方法分析疗后生存率及局控率.结果全组病例总的5年总生存率为46.40%,三组病例的5年总生存率分别为R组28.88%、S组42.05%和S+R组65.56%,具有显著性差异(P=0.0051).结论联合根治术加术后放射治疗对于舌体癌是一种较为有效的治疗手段.术后放射治疗可以提高手术治疗的局部控制率和远期生存率.     

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. Review of the literature and clinicopathological analysis of 18 patients

Salivary gland carcinomas are a rare and clinically diverse group of neoplasms among which mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) are reported to be the most frequently encountered. During the years 1994-2004 18 patients with MEC were treated in our Department. All patients underwent surgery with a curative intent, and in 11 of them treatment was supplemented by radiotherapy. Follow up ranged from 6 to 120 months. Twelve (66.6%) MECs originated from the major salivary glands with the majority located in the parotid. Histologically, 50% of tumors were classified as low grade, 28% as intermediate and 22% as high-grade MECs. Positive surgical margins were documented in six cases (33%) and all in tumors of high or intermediate histological grade. All these patients received adjuvant radiotherapy and one developed local recurrence. Local recurrence occurred in two more patients with histologically free margins. Both received postoperative radiotherapy. Distant metastases were documented in four patients all between 14 and 24 months after surgical treatment. An association between local recurrence and distant metastasis might be suggested since all patients with local recurrences subsequently developed distant metastases. The 5-year overall disease specific survival rate was 85%. Statistical multivariate analysis demonstrated that the factor that significantly correlated with overall survival was the histological grade of tumors (Log Rank test: p=0.013). A trend towards poorer survival was observed in patients aged over 50 years. Our results also suggested a potential benefit of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with positive margins.     

影响脑胶质瘤术后生存时间的因素分析（附56 例随访报告）*

目的:了解脑胶质瘤生长部位、手术方式、病理分级和术后治疗对患者术后生存时间的影响。方法:对第三军医大学西南医院2000年7 月～2007年5 月间经手术治疗的脑胶质细胞瘤患者中56例进行随访,分析肿瘤生长部位、手术切除程度、病理分级和术后治疗与患者术后生存时间的关系。结果:本组病例肿瘤位于大脑半球者48例,术后1 年生存率和3 年生存率分别为43.8% 和12.5% ,位于小脑半球者6 例,术后1 年生存率和3 年生存率分别为100% 和66.7% ,差异显著。肿瘤达肉眼全切的患者1 年和5 年生存率最高,分别为61.1% 和38.9% ,大部分切除者次之,分别为59.1% 和13.6% ,而部分切除或活检或活检者最短,分别为18.8% 和0。Ⅰ～Ⅱ星形胶质细胞瘤术后1 年和5 年生存率分别为68.8% 和28.1% ,而Ⅲ～Ⅳ级者分别为13.6% 和0。单纯手术、手术+ 放疗、手术+ 化疗、手术+ 放疗+ 化疗治疗的患者1 年生存率分别为16.7% 、63.6% 、71.4% 、78.6% ,5 年生存率分别为0、27.3% 、14.3% 、42.9% 。提示高级别胶质瘤患者的生存期短;小脑胶质细胞瘤患者术后生存时间明显高于大脑半球和丘脑区肿瘤;而手术切除肿瘤的彻底性仍是影响胶质瘤患者术后生存期最重要的因素,手术显微镜下肿瘤全切除和大部切除的术后生存时间明显优于部分切除或活检;术后放、化疗等综合治疗能显著延长患者的生存期。结论:手术方式、病理分级及术后治疗均能影响脑胶质细胞瘤患者术后生存时间,其中手术显微镜下全切和有效的术后治疗起决定作用。      

卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤12例临床分析

目的探讨卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤的临床特点、治疗及预后因素。方法对我院１９８３年～１９９７年收治的１２例卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按ＦＩＧＯ分期（１９８５年）,Ⅱ期４例,Ⅲ期６例,Ⅳ期１例,不详１例。组织学分类：同源性８例,异源性４例。１２例均接受肿瘤细胞减灭术。术后辅助化疗１１例,其中３例又追加盆腔放疗。结果全组平均生存２４个月,２,５年生存率分别为３３．３％（４／１２）和８．３％（１／１２）。Ⅱ和Ⅲ期生存２年以上者均为２例,Ⅳ期１例在１年内死亡。同源性８例中,４例生存２年以上,异源性４例均在２年内死亡。综合治疗１１例中,５例在１年内死亡。单纯手术１例在６个月内死亡。结论卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤恶性度高,预后差。其组织学类型、分期及治疗方法与预后有关,应采用手术与化疗和（或）放疗的综合治疗     

Analysis of prognostic factors in 146 patients with anterior skull base sarcoma: an international collaborative study

BACKGROUND: Single-institutional studies lack sufficient power to assess the role of surgery and radiotherapy in the management of sarcomas involving the anterior skull base. For this study, an international collaborative study group analyzed a large cohort of patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of skull base tumors. METHODS: A subset of 146 patients who had a histologic diagnosis of skull base sarcoma (SBS) formed the basis of this report. Most patients were aged > or =21 years (77%) and had stage IV disease (56%). Adjuvant radiotherapy was received by 35% of patients, and chemotherapy was received by 10% of patients. RESULTS: Orbital involvement was encountered in 53% of patients, involvement of the orbital wall was encountered in 46% of patients, and intracranial extension was encountered in 28% of patients. Positive microscopic margins were reported in 43% of patients (51 of 118 patients). Treatment-related complications were reported in 27% of patients, and postoperative mortality was reported in 1.4% of patients. With a median follow-up of 34 months, the 5-year overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival rates were 62%, 64%, and 57%, respectively. Tumor grade and adjuvant radiotherapy were not significant predictors of survival. Prior radiotherapy, intraorbital extension, positive margins, and postoperative complications were significant predictors of reduced disease-specific survival on univariate analysis. The presence of positive/close margins, however, was the only independent predictor of poor overall, recurrence-free, and disease-specific survival on multivariate analysis (relative risk, 2.4; P = .006). The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 77%, 43%, and 36% for patients with negative, close, and positive margins, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that wide craniofacial resection with negative margins is an independent prognostic predictor of better outcome. Patients with positive margins have a high risk for tumor recurrence independent of tumor grade.