大鼠实验性胃溃疡期间海马肠三叶因子的变化

目的:探讨大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间肠三叶因子(intestinal trefoil factor,ITF)在海马的表达及其与实验性胃溃疡愈合的关系。方法:以免疫组织化学染色和RT-PCR法分别检测溃疡组(n=42)和正常组(n=6)大鼠海马ITF蛋白的表达和mRNA的转录及变化。结果:ITF免疫反应阳性物质主要位于海马的锥体细胞和颗粒细胞的胞浆内,海马内部分神经纤维也显示阳性。与正常组比较,溃疡1 d海马ITF平均灰度值略降低(P>0.05),溃疡后2、4、6 d逐渐降低,6 d达低谷(P<0.01),10、14、23 d均维持在较低水平(P<0.05)。RT-PCR显示海马ITF mRNA转录水平在溃疡1 d开始增高(P>0.05),溃疡后6 d最高,10、14 d略有下降,但仍高于正常组(P<0.01或P<0.05),23 d和1 d水平接近。结论:实验性胃溃疡大鼠海马可能通过ITF的高表达参与实验性溃疡愈合的神经内分泌调节。     

大鼠视上核、室旁核肠三叶因子表达与实验性胃溃疡的关系

目的探讨大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间肠三叶因子(ITF)在下丘脑视上核(SON)、室旁核(PVN)的表达及其与实验性胃溃疡愈合的关系。方法以免疫组织化学染色、酶联免疫吸附实验分别检测溃疡组(42只)和正常组(6只)大鼠下丘脑和血清及ITF的表达及含量变化,RT-PCR检测ITFmRNA的转录情况。结果 ITF免疫反应阳性物质主要位于视上核和室旁核大细胞部。溃疡1d视上核和室旁核ITF积分吸光度略增高,2d、4d和6d逐渐升高,6d达高峰(P0.01),10～23d均维持在较高水平(P0.05)。血清ITF的变化与免疫组织化学法结果相似;溃疡组ITF/3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)吸光度比值在溃疡2～23d均高于正常组(P0.01,或P0.05)。结论胃溃疡自愈期间可能通过下丘脑和血清ITF的高表达参与溃疡愈合的调节。     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间垂体三叶因子3的变化

目的 通过观察大鼠实验性胃溃疡形成和愈合过程中垂体和血清三叶因子3（TFF3）的改变,探讨垂体TFF3在实验性胃溃疡愈合中的作用。方法 以免疫组织化学染色检测溃疡组（42只）、盐水组（21只）和正常组（6只）大鼠垂体TFF3蛋白的表达;RT-PCR检测TFF3mRNA的转录;酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法检测血清TFF3含量变化,原位杂交技术显示TFF3mRNA的定位。结果 大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间TFF3免疫反应阳性物质存在于腺垂体部分细胞和神经垂体,而TFF3 mRNA仅存在于腺垂体。与对照组相比,溃疡第1~6天,腺垂体内阳性信号平均吸光度值明显增大,6d达高峰,10d略有下降,14d复增高,23d下降,但仍高于对照组（P ＜0.01或P ＜0.05）;神经垂体TFF3平均吸光度值在2~23d高水平波动,14d达高峰（P ＜0.01或P ＜0.05）。RT-PCR显示,各组垂体均检测到TFF3 mRNA转录,溃疡组TFF3/GAPDH吸光度比值在溃疡2~23d均高于对照组（P ＜0.01或P ＜0.05）;血清TFF3含量在溃疡组明显高于正常组（P ＜0.01）。结论 垂体TFF3在溃疡期间高表达,可能通过释放入血发挥促进溃疡愈合的作用。     

三叶因子1在实验性胃溃疡自愈期大鼠下颌下腺的表达及意义

目的 探讨大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间下颌下腺三叶因子1(TFF1)的表达变化.方法 采用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR法,分别从蛋白水平及基因水平检测42只溃疡组、21只盐水组和6只正常组大鼠下颌下腺TFF1的表达.结果 免疫组织化学SP法显示,正常大鼠下颌下腺颗粒曲管的多颗粒细胞呈TFF1免疫反应阳性,各级导管管腔内也有TFF1阳性物质,纹状管管腔游离面可见线条状TFF1阳性物.溃疡组下颌下腺TFF1肽积分吸光度值明显增加,高于相应的盐水对照组和正常组(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中1d、2d、4d、6d TFF1肽积分吸光度值逐渐增加,6d最高,10d、14d、23d也显著高于盐水对照组.RT-PCR结果 显示,下颌下腺有TFF1 mRNA转录,且溃疡组TFF1/GAPDH mRNA吸光度比值在溃疡2～23d均高于盐水对照组和正常组(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 下颌下腺TFF1肽在大鼠实验性胃溃疡形成和愈合过程中高表达,主要通过导管系统排泄,参与实验性胃溃疡的愈合.     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间胃黏膜三叶因子2的变化

目的 探讨大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间胃黏膜三叶因子2(TFF2)的表达变化. 方法 胃前壁黏膜下注射冰乙酸,制备大鼠胃溃疡模型,免疫组织化学法及RT-PCR法分别从蛋白水平及基因水平检测正常组(6只)、溃疡组(42只)和盐水组(42只)大鼠胃黏膜组织TFF2的表达变化. 结果 免疫组织化学结果显示,正常组大鼠胃黏膜TFF2蛋白呈弱阳性表达.溃疡术后1d组TFF2阳性细胞即显著增多,至溃疡术后6d TFF2积分吸光度值达到高峰,阳性细胞以靠近黏膜肌层信号较强,壁细胞阳性表达较多.溃疡术后10d及14d TFF2积分吸光度值低于溃疡术后6d组,但仍维持于较高水平;溃疡术后23d TFF2积分吸光度值显著降低,但高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).RT-PCR结果显示,TFF2 mRNA变化趋势与免疫组织化学结果基本一致,以溃疡术后4d和6d表达较为强烈. 结论 TFF2在维持胃黏膜的完整性和促进其快速修复过程中起重要作用.     

三叶因子2在大鼠下颌下腺内的表达及其与实验性胃溃疡愈合的关系

目的 探讨大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间三叶因子2(TFF2)在大鼠下颌下腺的表达及其与胃溃疡愈合的关系. 方法 48只雄性SD大鼠分为溃疡组和正常组,采用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR法,检测溃疡组和正常组大鼠下颌下腺中TFF2肽和基因的表达情况. 结果 TFF2免疫反应阳性物质主要位于纹状管、闰管和小叶间导管、颗粒曲管少颗粒细胞的胞质,管腔内亦有阳性物质表达,近腔面处较多.和正常组相比,溃疡1d时TFF2阳性物质面密度和积分吸光度明显增高,2d时最低,4、6d时逐渐升高(P<0.01),10～23d时均维持在较高水平(P<0.05).溃疡1、2、4、6、10、14、23d TFF2/GAPDH吸光度比值除2d溃疡组略有增高外,其他各溃疡组明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05). 结论 大鼠下颌下腺中TFF2参与了胃溃疡愈合过程的调节.     

穹窿海马伞切割大鼠海马内Brn-4 mRNA 的表达变化

目的探讨切割穹窿海马伞大鼠海马与正常海马内Brn-4 mRNA表达的差异。方法42只SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组和切割海马伞后1、3、7、14、21及28d组。取各组大鼠的海马组织,提取总RNA,采用半定量RT-PCR法分析穹窿海马伞切割后海马内Brn-4 mRNA表达水平的变化。结果海马内Brn-4 mRNA的表达量在切割后第3d开始升高,14d达到最高水平,随后下降,28d左右恢复至正常水平。结论切割穹窿海马伞后海马内Brn-4 mRNA表达明显上调,可能与促进神经干细胞更多地向神经元和AChE阳性神经元分化有关。     

雷公藤内酯醇对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠海马IL-1α表达的影响

目的:探讨雷公藤内酯醇对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠海马白细胞介素-1α(IL-1α)表达的影响。方法:30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及用药组,模型组及用药组大鼠双侧海马各一次注射Aβ1-40,对照组大鼠双侧海马注射等量生理盐水,模型制作成功后,用药组大鼠每日腹腔注射雷公藤内酯醇0.4mg/kg,共15d。采用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR方法检测IL-1α蛋白和mRNA在大鼠海马的表达。结果:免疫组织化学染色显示,模型组大鼠海马IL-1α阳性细胞数和平均光密度明显高于对照组(P0.01),用药组大鼠海马IL-1α阳性细胞数和平均光密度较模型组明显减少(P0.05或0.01)。RT-PCR结果显示,模型组大鼠海马IL-1αmRNA水平明显高于对照组(P0.01),用药组大鼠海马IL-1αmRNA水平较模型组明显下降(P0.01)。结论:雷公藤内酯醇可抑制AD模型大鼠海马IL-1α的表达。     

去神经支配大鼠海马内MTSS1的表达变化

目的:探讨切割穹窿海马伞去神经支配大鼠海马内转移抑制蛋白1(metastasis suppressor 1,MTSS1)的表达变化。方法:SD大鼠随机分成正常组和切割穹窿海马伞后1、3、5、7、14 d组,采用Real-time PCR和免疫荧光组织化学技术观察穹窿海马伞切割后海马内MTSS1 mRNA的表达变化和MTSS1阳性细胞的分布情况。结果:(1)Real-time PCR结果显示:海马内MTSS1 mRNA的相对表达量在切割后3 d开始升高(P<0.05),5 d达到最高水平(P<0.01),7 d恢复至正常水平;(2)免疫荧光组织化学染色结果显示:MTSS1阳性细胞主要表达于海马齿状回门区及颗粒下层中,切割后5 d MTSS1阳性细胞数开始增多(P<0.01),7 d继续增多并达到高峰(P<0.01),14 d时开始下降至正常水平。结论:结合本课题组以往的工作,上述结果提示切割穹窿海马伞后MTSS1的高表达可能与海马神经再生过程中神经干细胞向神经元的分化有关。     

丝胶对2型糖尿病大鼠海马蛋白激酶B信号转导通路的作用

目的探讨丝胶(彩色蚕茧经浸泡、水煎、浓缩获得)对2型糖尿病大鼠海马蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号转导通路的作用。方法 36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=12):正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和丝胶治疗组。小剂量链脲佐菌素(25mg/kg)连续腹腔注射(1次/d,3d)建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型。丝胶治疗组大鼠给予丝胶灌胃[2.4g/(kg·d),35d]。TUNEL法检测海马CA1区神经元凋亡,Western blotting法和RT-PCR法检测海马Akt信号转导通路相关因子Akt、核转录因子kappa B(NF-κB)和前凋亡因子Bad蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果与正常对照组比较,糖尿病模型大鼠海马CA1区神经元的凋亡指数明显升高(P0.01);海马Akt、NF-κB的表达明显降低,Bad的表达明显升高(P0.01)。与糖尿病模型组比较,丝胶治疗组大鼠海马CA1区神经元的凋亡指数明显降低(P0.05);海马Akt、NF-κB的表达明显升高,Bad的表达明显降低(P0.01,P0.05)。结论丝胶可通过调节糖尿病模型大鼠海马Akt信号通路的异常变化减少海马神经元凋亡,对糖尿病海马损伤具有一定的拮抗作用。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.