不同种属脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植近期效果的对比研究

目的　对比研究异体和异种脱细胞真皮基质 (acellular dermal matrix,ADM)与自体刃厚皮复合移植 ,应用在烧伤创面的近期效果 ,为全层皮肤缺损的无瘢痕修复寻求理想的皮肤替代物。　方法　 2 0 0 1年 9月～ 2 0 0 3年 6月 ,以两种 ADM分别与自体刃厚皮复合移植于 18例 度烧伤患者的切痂创面 ,以单纯自体中厚皮移植作对照 ,通过术后 2周自体皮成活率、术后 8周自体皮收缩率和温哥华瘢痕评分比较移植效果。　结果　三种移植方式术后 2周皮片成活率组间比较无差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;其中 14例患者术后第 8周随访 ,未见明显排斥反应 ,三种移植方式术后 8周皮片收缩率和瘢痕评分组间比较无差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。　结论　异体和异种 ADM在临床上具有相近的效果 ,均能用于受皮者的皮肤重建。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的:探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面及其愈合后皮肤的外形和功能。方法:应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片组成复合皮移植,以自体刃厚皮片移植作为对照,采用一步移植法治疗切痂后大面积深度烧伤创面及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损共56例患者60处创面,观察术后皮片的成活情况、外形及功能恢复情况并随访。结果:60处创面全部愈合,移植皮片生长良好,瘢痕增生不明显,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。在6～12个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与异体脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植;随访2年复合移植未发现明显的排异反应。结论:异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面愈合良好,无瘢痕增生,皮肤外观功能满意,无排异反应。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的:探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面及其愈合后皮肤的外形和功能。方法:应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片组成复合皮移植,以自体刃厚皮片移植作为对照,采用一步移植法治疗切痂后大面积深度烧伤创面及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损共56例患者60处创面,观察术后皮片的成活情况、外形及功能恢复情况并随访。结果:60处创面全部愈合,移植皮片生长良好,瘢痕增生不明显,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。在6～12个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与异体脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植;随访2年复合移植未发现明显的排异反应。结论:异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面愈合良好,无瘢痕增生,皮肤外观功能满意,无排异反应。     

人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植治疗烧伤后关节瘢痕挛缩

目的观察人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植治疗烧伤后关节部位瘢痕挛缩的疗效。方法选择深度烧伤后期瘢痕严重增生挛缩造成关节畸形的患者40例,共46个关节部位。在全身麻醉下切除挛缩瘢痕,彻底松解,矫正关节畸形,先用人工真皮覆盖创面,后移植自体刃厚皮片。嘱患者早期行功能锻炼。术后随访6个月,对术后局部外形、弹性、硬度、关节功能等进行效果评价。结果所有患者利用人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植后皮瓣全部成活,外形、质地及关节功能明显改善。结论人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植术可用于治疗深度烧伤患者关节部位的瘢痕挛缩。     

异体去细胞真皮基质重建真皮的实验研究

目的　通过不同形式去细胞真皮 (acellulardermalmatrix ,ADM )与单纯自体刃厚皮片移植的比较研究 ,探讨异体ADM作为真皮替代物的机制及效果。方法　猪全层皮肤缺损创面分别行颗粒状 (实验组 1)及网状异体ADM (实验组 2 )结合自体刃厚皮移植 ,以单纯自体刃厚皮移植作对照 ,观察各组移植术后皮片存活率、创面收缩率、组织学变化及血管化程度等。结果　移植术后 ,各组皮片均全部存活 ;与对照组相比 :两实验组创面收缩较小 ,弹性较好 ,创面充血程度轻 (P <0 .0 1) ,瘢痕增生程度也明显小于对照组。结论　网状及颗粒状异体ADM结合自体刃厚皮移植较好地封闭了全层皮肤缺损创面 ;其愈后功能优于单纯自体刃厚皮移植 ;颗粒状ADM制作简单 ,使用方便 ,值得进一步探索研究。     

脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片复合移植的临床及组织学观察

目的 观察异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片复合移植修复创面的中、长期临床效果,并做组织学观察.方法 选取23例接受异体脱细胞真皮基质加自体刃厚皮片复合移植的患者,于术后3、6、12、18个月进行临床随访,并作组织学观察.结果 移植后3、6、12、18个月,复合皮表面平滑,无明显瘢痕增生及色素沉着现象,柔软有弹性,关节部位活动自如.组织学观察接近正常皮肤形态.结论 异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片复合移植后愈合创面表面光滑,平整柔软,无明显挛缩,关节活动自如,未见明显排汗现象,可作为修复创面的良好选择.     

烧伤后期瘢痕整形手术应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体薄皮片复合移植的临床研究

目的:总结大面积烧伤后期瘢痕畸形整形应用异体脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)+自体薄皮片复合移植的术后效果,为提高异体ADM移植的成功率提供临床经验。方法:2010年1月-2015年12月在大面积烧伤后期瘢痕整形手术中应用异体ADM与自体薄皮片复合移植201例,手术行瘢痕局部切除、挛缩松解,异体ADM覆盖于创面,四周缝线固定,其上以自体头部或其他部位薄皮片来覆盖,抗菌敷料外敷加压包扎或局部打包固定。术后观察创面情况和随访半年以上的治疗效果。结果:191例(95.02%)异体ADM与自体薄皮片复合移植区皮片成活较好,无疼痛和感染征象,术后6个月随访,复合皮移植区局部外观较好,质地柔软,弹性好,皮片无挛缩,无明显瘢痕形成,关节活动功能明显改善,但部分有色素沉着。10例(4.98%)患者,瘢痕位于口周、下颌或腋窝,术后1周左右创面局部有疼痛,术区敷料有异味,全身发热,自体薄皮片全部液化坏死,异体ADM部分失活、溶解脱落。结论:异体ADM与自体薄皮片复合移植是修复大面积烧伤后期瘢痕畸形的较好方法。     

脱细胞异体真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植治疗关节部位深度烧伤

目的:探索一种治疗关节部位深度烧伤的方法。方法:2002～2006年我科收治关节部位深度烧伤患者126例,随机分为两组,治疗组和对照组各63例,治疗组采用J-1型脱细胞异体真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植一次修复关节部位72个;对照组74个关节部位采用自体断层皮移植。结果:两组皮片均成活良好;经随访6～18个月,治疗组脱细胞异体真皮无排斥反应,植皮区光滑平整,色泽及弹性良好,瘢痕增生反应轻,挛缩少,关节运动功能好;对照组植皮区反复起水疱,色泽及弹性较差,瘢痕增生明显,关节活动受限明显。结论:脱细胞异体真皮与自体皮复合移植是治疗关节部位深度烧伤的一种比较理想的方法。     

复合皮移植修复烧伤功能部位创面疗效评价

目的探讨脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复深度烧伤功能部位创面的疗效。方法 2002年6月-2008年12月,收治30例烧伤及瘢痕整形患者共42个创面。男25例,女5例;年龄3～52岁,中位年龄31岁。烧伤24例35个创面,其中深Ⅱ度23个创面,Ⅲ度12个创面;病程3～45 d,平均24 d。瘢痕整形6例7个创面;病程9～21 d,平均16 d。42个创面分别位于颈部2个,手部4个,前臂及肘部8个,肩部3个,腘窝6个,膝部4个,小腿及足踝部15个。彻底清创、削痂及切除瘢痕后,创面范围为10 cm×10 cm～30 cm×20 cm。采用一步法将脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复创面。结果术后27例39个(92.9%)创面复合皮移植完全成活;3例3个(7.1%)创面复合皮部分坏死,分别经换药和自体皮片移植术后愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间30～34个月,平均32个月。复合皮有轻度色素沉着,外观平整,质地柔软,弹性好,皮肤耐磨;复合皮无挛缩及瘢痕增生,功能部位活动正常。刃厚皮供皮区未见瘢痕增生。结论脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复功能部位深度烧伤及瘢痕整形创面,可获得良好外形及功能。     

不同种属脱细胞真皮与自体皮复合移植的比较性研究

目的　观察不同种属脱细胞真皮基质 (acellulardermalmatrix,ADM)与自体皮复合移植的效果 ,为异种ADM的临床应用提供理论依据。　方法　本地产白色小猪 6头 ,分为异种 (人 )ADM +自体刃厚皮组 (A组 )、同种异体 (猪 )ADM +自体刃厚皮组 (B组 )、单纯自体刃厚皮组 (C组 )及单纯自体中厚皮组 (D组 )。观察术后 2、4、8、12、2 4周内移植物存活率 ,以及移植皮片收缩程度、移植区组织学变化等情况。　结果　A、B组移植后皮片外观光滑、有弹性 ;两组均获得了满意的皮片成活率 ,并可迅速诱导成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞等宿主修复细胞的长入 ;两组移植皮片收缩面积有大于C、D组的趋势 (P <0.0 5);术后 2 4周移植区组织与单纯中厚皮移植组织结构一致。　结论　在观察期内(复合移植后 2 4周 ) ,与自体皮复合移植时 ,同、异种ADM具有相近的生物学作用 ,异种来源的ADM可能具有更广阔的应用前景     

A long-term follow-up study of acellular dermal matrix with thin autograft in burns patients

We report long-term follow-up results of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) allograft combined with thin split-thickness skin autograft (STSG) for burn treatment. Between March 2001 and May 2007, we treated 19 cases of burn wounds or scar wounds at 34 different body sites with ADM allograft combined with STSG. All patients were monitored, with the mean follow-up period being 3.3 ± 1.4 years. Transplant skin was assessed by using a modified Manchester Scar Scale. The control sites that were treated with STSG at the same time were also monitored. There were significant differences in contour, contracture, and texture between the treatment and control sites (P < 0.05), but not in color, sensation, and complications (P > 0.05). All composite-grafted joints showed recovery and improvement in function postoperatively. The aesthetic contour of the skin donor site was satisfactory. Composite graft with ADM produces a supple texture without contractures, approaching the normal skin contour, and leading to adequate improvement in function.     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质移植后炎症免疫反应的实验研究

目的：研究异种（猪）脱细腻真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植后炎症反应的变化规律及对Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响。方法：将异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植于大鼠，分别于移植后1，2，3，4，8，12，16周取标本，采用组织学观察及RT-PCR技术动态检测异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后炎症反应及Th1/Th2细胞因子的变化，同时以单纯薄自体皮移植作对照。结果：异种（猪）脱细胞真皮与薄自体皮复合移植后早期存在炎症反应，并随着创面愈合的进行而逐渐消失，Th2细胞因子的表达明显高于对照组。结论：异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质仍具有一定的免疫原性，Th2细胞因子的高表达说明机体对异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质的免疫反应主要以体液免疫为主，也可能是异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质移植后未被排斥的原因之一。     

烧伤后下肢严重瘢痕挛缩的治疗

目的　总结烧伤后下肢严重瘢痕挛缩的临床治疗经验。　方法　视挛缩程度切除 6 0例烧伤后下肢严重瘢痕挛缩患者的、踝部瘢痕组织 ,用牵引、植皮等方法修复挛缩畸形。　结果　本组患者通过持续牵引、植皮后 ,患部活动功能均获得恢复。　结论　严重关节挛缩畸形的患者采用瘢痕切开松解、持续牵引的方法治疗 ,无需行肌腱移植与延长术 ,功能恢复良好。     

自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮修复儿童功能部位瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的探讨自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮修复儿童功能部位瘢痕挛缩畸形的临床效果。方法本组患儿共12例,男7例,女5例,年龄3~10岁,均为2015年3月至2018年3月就诊于空军军医大学西京医院的烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形患儿。瘢痕挛缩畸形部位分别位于腋部、肘部、腘窝及躯干等14处。其中腋部瘢痕黏连挛缩导致肩关节上举角度仅为30°~60°;肘部瘢痕挛缩导致肘关节伸直角度仅为45°~90°;腘窝瘢痕导致膝关节伸直角度仅为95°~110°,侧胸腹部瘢痕挛缩致同侧乳头下移5 cm,伴站立位中线向患侧屈曲约20°。术中彻底松解瘢痕挛缩,恢复关节活动度,复位移位器官,并形成继发创面,范围5 cm×10 cm^11 cm×20 cm。选取其他瘢痕区域作为供区,其中背部8处,大腿6处。用鼓式取皮机或电动(气动)取皮机先切取厚层瘢痕皮,再以0.5 mm厚度切取自体断层瘢痕组织,按1∶1比例制备网状瘢痕支架,其上覆盖取自头部的刃厚皮片,形成自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮,植于瘢痕挛缩松解后继发创面。切取的瘢痕表皮回植原瘢痕供区。供、受区均常规加压包扎,7~10 d后更换敷料,查看皮片成活情况并进行随访观察。结果12例患儿共移植14块自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮,所制备的复合皮均与瘢痕松解后继发创面大小、形状一致,其中12块皮片成活良好,2处因局部感染导致部分皮片坏死,经换药后治愈。随访2~24个月,自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮术区外观满意,腋部、肘部、腘窝等关节均充分松解,肩关节挛缩患者术后上举达150°~170°;肘关节挛缩患者均可基本伸直,达170°~180°;膝关节挛缩患者可完全伸直,达180°;侧胸腹部瘢痕挛缩松解后患侧乳头恢复正常位置,站立位中线基本正常。14块瘢痕表皮回植区皮片均成活良好,外观与术前无明显区别。头部供皮区愈合良好,无瘢痕形成及脱发现象。结论自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮修复儿童功能部位瘢痕挛缩畸形效果较好,为儿童深度烧伤后遗畸形的修复提供了一种新手段。     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体瘢痕薄皮复合移植的临床应用

目的:为大面积深度烧伤后期继发瘢痕挛缩、功能障碍且皮源不足的患者寻求比较理想的治疗手段.方法:切开松解功能区孪缩的瘢痕组织,将脱细胞异体真皮与自体大张瘢痕薄皮复合移植覆盖创面,加压固定包扎.结果:5例患者12个创面中,除一个创面皮片部分坏死外,余均成活.术区平整、柔软,所植皮片挛缩轻,无瘢痕增生,功能恢复良好.结论:脱细胞异体真皮 自体瘢痕薄皮复合移植是目前修复大面积深度烧伤患者功能部位创面,实现功能重建的有效方法.     

Comparison of therapeutic effects between artificial dermis combined with autologous split‐thickness skin grafting and autologous intermediate‐thickness skin grafting alone in severely burned patients: A prospective randomised study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of artificial dermis combined with autologous split‐thickness skin grafting (STSG) compared with autologous intermediate‐thickness skin grafting (ITSG) alone in severely burned patients. Fifty‐six severely burned patients admitted to our hospital from December 2017 to January 2019 were enrolled and evenly grouped according to the random number table method [AD‐STSG group: 28 patients, receiving the treatment of artificial dermis (AD) combined with autologous STSG; ITSG group: 28 patients, receiving autologous ITSG treatment alone]. The healing time and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score of the donor area and graft area, survival rate and infection status of the autologous skin, psychological status (determined by Self‐rating Anxiety Scale and Self‐rating Depression Scale), and the activity of functional parts of all enrolled patients were included in the evaluation. General items of patients in AD‐STSG group and ITSG group, including age, sex, and degree of burn, were all comparable. A significantly shortened healing time of donor skin in AD‐STSG group was observed when compared with ITSG group (P < .05) while the recipient skin healed in the same tendency between the two groups. In addition, 21 days after the operation, AD‐STSG group presented with significantly higher survival rate of graft skin than ITSG group (P < .05) while same infection status was observed in the two groups. Significantly lower VSS scores were found in AD‐STSG group than that in ITSG group 3‐, 6‐ and 10‐months after operation (P < .05). Statistical difference regarding psychological status of patients from two groups was unobservable before operation while significantly lower Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores were found in AD‐STSG group than that in ITSG group 3‐, 6‐ and 10‐months after operation (P < .05). Also, AD‐STSG group presented improved mobility of functional part than that in ITSG group 10‐months after operation without statistical difference (P = .051). Artificial dermis combined with autologous split‐thickness skin grafting showed better therapeutic outcomes for the treatment of severely burned patients than autologous intermediate‐thickness skin grafting in terms of graft healing time, scar formation, psychological recovery, and perhaps in functional reconstruction.     

口周瘢痕畸形皮瓣皮片联合移植修复

目的　探讨口周瘢痕所致畸形的皮瓣、皮片联合移植修复方法。方法　运用口周瘢痕挛缩松解、皮片移植加局部皮瓣、远位皮管等联合移植修复畸形。结果　 1 9例烧伤后口周瘢痕畸形患者术后功能及外观均较满意。结论　对于口周瘢痕的整复 ,应视瘢痕厚薄情况和所在部位 ,根据患者病情特点运用皮片加皮瓣法或皮管法等进行联合移植修复 ,可以使口周的功能和外观的修复达到完美     

治疗大面积深度烧伤后瘢痕挛缩致膝髋关节严重畸形15例

目的回顾性分析躯干、下肢大面积深度烧伤患者增生性瘢痕挛缩致膝、髋关节屈曲畸形的治疗方法，并总结其经验。方法笔者将1960年12月-1995年12月收治的15例躯干及下肢深度烧伤后瘢痕挛缩患者屈曲畸形的膝、髋关节（共21个）按畸形程度分为A、B、C3组。A组瘢痕切除后关节能直接复位，立即用大张自体皮覆盖创面，缝合后包扎固定。B组瘢痕切除后关节不能立即恢复到伸直位，根据供区条件选择大张自体皮或小片头皮覆盖创面，再用踝套进行牵引治疗（力量逐渐加大），直至关节恢复到伸直位。C组关节瘢痕挛缩伴残余肉芽创面，创面较大者先用异体皮覆盖，待其成活后再切除瘢痕，并按B组方法治疗；肉芽创面较小者在无菌条件下直接与瘢痕一起切除，再按B组方法治疗。结果14例患者膝、髋关节屈曲畸形均被矫正至伸直位，关节功能恢复良好，仅1例患者关节未完全复位。结论瘢痕松解术及踝套牵引的治疗方法可在较短时间内最大限度地矫正关节畸形，恢复患者下肢功能，减少局部溃疡形成，并且较节省皮源。     

Retrospective study of the application of acellular dermis in reconstructing full‐thickness skin defects

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the acellular dermis' utility in reconstructing full‐thickness defects after scar contracture releasing and giant nevus resection. From the year 2012 to 2014, 18 consecutive patients underwent composite graft (thin autograft and alloderma) transplantation. Among these patients, 16 patients suffered from burned scar contracture in the upper extremities, and two young cases were met with giant nevus on the upper extremity. Ten of 13 adult cases with upper extremity scar affection were chosen for a comparative study. Twenty hands were randomly allocated into group A and group B. The thick autograft was used to repair one upper extremity in group B, and the composite grafts were used to cover the other upper extremity in group A. Besides appraisal of the recipient sites' function and aesthetics, donor sites were also estimated after a mean of 12 months' follow‐up through the Vancouver Scar Score Scale. After evaluation in the above comparative study through the Vancouver Score Scale, in the recipient evaluation, no statistical difference was found in the pigmentation score between two groups, while statistical difference was achieved in other aspects (vascularity, pliability, height). In the donor site's evaluation, statistical difference was established between the two groups in all facets. One adult patient was dissatisfied with the hypertrophic scar on the donor site, and about almost a half of the area became a hypertrophic scar in the recipient site. No atrophic change occurred; one little girl, suffering from large nevus, was operated on by removing nearly the whole giant nevus on the upper limb. Unfortunately, she presented with finger tip necrosis occurring. The finger tip was not ultimately preserved and was repaired with an abdomen flap. Acellular dermal matrix is an excellent option and a useful tool for reconstructing large full‐thickness skin defects after releasing burned scar contracture and removing giant nevus. With thin‐skin graft meshed, a donor site's presentation brings courage to patients, while recipient sites can reach nearly the same elasticity and function compared to thick‐grafted skin.