TRIB1的研究进展

TRIB1属于人类TRIB家族,是促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen - activated protein kinase,MAPK)途径级联控制的调节蛋白,在多种组织中表达,与骨髓恶性肿瘤、卵巢癌、动脉粥样硬化及组织移植密切相关.此文就TRIB1的起源、家族、结构、功能、参与的信号途径及相关疾病作一综述.     

TRIB1的研究进展

TRIB1属于人类TRIB家族，是促分裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen·activatedproteinkinase，MAPK）途径级联控制的调节蛋白，在多种组织中表达，与骨髓恶性肿瘤、卵巢癌、动脉粥样硬化及组织移植密切相关。此文就TRIB1的起源、家族、结构、功能、参与的信号途径及相关疾病作一综述。     

TRIB3激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路对喉癌TU686细胞体外生长增殖及移植瘤小鼠外周免疫抑制分子表达的影响

目的：探讨TRIB3激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路对喉癌TU686细胞体外生长增殖及移植瘤小鼠外周免疫抑制分子表达的影响。方法：分别在体外细胞（人永生化表皮细胞系HaCat及喉癌细胞TU686）及组织（喉癌及癌旁组织）中检测TRIB3蛋白及RNA表达，随后将TU686细胞分为阴性对照组（NC组）及敲低TRIB3组（sh-TRIB3组），提取细胞总蛋白及RNA，验证两组细胞中TRIB3表达水平。验证成功后，CCK-8、集落克隆实验及流式细胞术检测TU686细胞的增殖能力；Western blot检测两组细胞中Wnt、Cyclin-D1、C-myc、β-catenin、p-β-catenin蛋白表达水平，相关性分析验证TRIB3与Wnt、Cyclin-D1、C-myc、β-catenin、p-β-catenin蛋白表达的相关性。利用敲低TRIB3的核心质粒构建低表达TRIB3的裸鼠移植瘤模型（TRIB3 sgRNA组），并设置平行对照组（Control sgRNA组），观察瘤体的生长体积及重量，ELISA测定移植瘤小鼠血清免疫抑制分子表达。结果：与HaCat细胞及正常癌旁组织相比，...     

沉默MARCH2通过ATF4-CHOP-TRIB3-AKT-MTOR轴调控结肠癌细胞自噬

目的探讨结肠癌细胞中MARCH2调控自噬的机制。方法采用RNA干扰技术和Western blot法检测沉默MARCH2的结肠癌细胞中内质网应激相关蛋白水平、TRIB3蛋白水平、AKT-MTOR信号通路及自噬水平的相关性。结果沉默MARCH2的结肠癌HCT116细胞中AKT-MTOR信号减弱,TRIB3、CHOP和ATG12-ATG5结合物蛋白水平升高。沉默CHOP会引起TRIB3的蛋白水平降低;敲减TRIB3引起AKT-MTOR信号有所回升;敲减ATF4导致CHOP和TRIB3蛋白水平降低,AKT-MTOR信号回升,ATG12-ATG5结合物水平降低。结论沉默MARCH2可能通过上调CHOP,从而升高TRIB3,导致AKT-MTOR抑制,最终促进自噬发生。ATF4-CHOP-TRIB3-AKT-MTOR轴在沉默MARCH2诱导自噬发生过程中起非常重要的作用。     

TRIB3参与血管动脉粥样硬化机制的探讨

正常内皮细胞功能的障碍首先表现为细胞信号蛋白表达的改变或缺陷,引起相应细胞的生物学功能降低,从而加速相关疾病的发生与进展.TRIB3是肥胖、糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化等代谢性疾病的关键枢纽蛋白,通过胰岛素抵抗、内质网应激、脂质代谢等一系列途径,加速血管动脉粥样硬化的形成与进展.因此,本文旨在探讨TRIB3如何调控机体中血脂水平、血糖代谢、血管活性,加速血管动脉粥样硬化形成的机制所在.     

TRIB3在肥胖发生中作用的研究进展

Tribbles同源蛋白3(TRIB3,TRB3)是一种蛋白激酶抑制剂,参与细胞凋亡、应激反应、转录、调控等一系列生物过程。肥胖是由生活方式、内分泌,包括药物因素在内的多种因素引起的慢性代谢性疾病。TRIB3在体内异常表达时可能参与肥胖的发生。脂肪组织和内脏脂肪的膨胀会导致代谢紊乱、器官功能障碍、男性不育、各种慢性疾病和死亡率的增加。因此,探究TRIB3在肥胖中的作用机制有利于对肥胖的诊断及治疗提供新思路。     

TRIB3基因Q84R多态性与2型糖尿病

TRIB3基因是2型糖尿病及糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的易感基因之一,其基因多态性Q84R与2型糖尿病有强相关性,这一结果在白种人中已得到证实.TRI3基因位于人染色体20p13-p12.2,蛋白质位称TRB3,该基因通过抑制丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶Akt的磷酸化,抑制胰岛素信号传导,而在糖代谢中起重要作用.另外,有研究认为TRIB3基因可能调节胰腺β细胞功能.     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3在疾病诊断与风险评估中的潜在价值

背景:胰岛素样生长因子1在细胞的生长、增殖与分化等方面发挥了重要作用,而IGFBP-3作为胰岛素样生长因子1的主要结合蛋白,参与了对胰岛素样生长因子1生理功能的调控。目的:试图分析胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3与多种疾病的关系,探索胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3在这些疾病诊断与风险评估中的潜在应用价值。方法:以"insulin-like growth factors 1;IGFBP-3;cancer;growth hormone deficiency;diabetes;osteoporosis"为检索词检索PubMed数据库、英文数据库及万方医学网。收集与胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3结构及功能相关的文献,以及胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3与癌症、生长激素缺乏症、糖尿病及骨质疏松相关的文献,最后选择43篇进行归纳总结。结果与结论:近年来,胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3的基因与癌症风险的相关性研究正逐渐成为一个研究热点。结果表明,胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3是一种癌症风险的保护剂,是评估癌症风险的重要因子,具有潜在的应用价值。胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3还与生长激素缺乏症、糖尿病相关,并可与胰岛素样生长因子1协同作用对骨的生长分化发挥调控作用,与骨质疏松有着紧密的联系,可作为一种预测骨质疏松的潜在指标。     

利用转基因植物表达肿瘤治疗相关蛋白

植物基因工程的诞生使得植物成为了一个高效的宿主生物反应器,可用来生产各种异源蛋白.近年来,利用植物生产各种药用蛋白的研究越来越引人注目,比如用于治疗肿瘤及癌症的蛋白.传统的药用蛋白生产方式成本高、产量小,远远不能满足人们的需要.利用植物基因工程方法培育的转基因植物为解决这一问题带来了希望.本文综述了一些与癌症及肿瘤治疗作用相关的蛋白在植物体内表达情况的研究进展.     

CP、PA、CRP和α1—AT在几种恶性肿瘤患者中的检测

<正>近年来陆续发现癌症患者血清中存在着急性时相蛋白如铜蓝蛋白(CP)、前清蛋白(PA)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和抗胰蛋白酶(α1-AT)含量的变化。从而引起广泛重视。现就上述几种蛋白分别对肝癌、肺癌、结肠癌患者进行联合检测,并分析它们与癌症的关系。     

Association of germline or somatic TP53 missense mutation with oncogene amplification in tumors developed in patients with Li-Fraumeni or Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome

Germline TP53 mutations are found in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) patients, predisposed to soft tissue sarcoma and other malignancies. The mutations and succeeding genetic events are thought to cause LFS-associated cancer, whose genetic alterations have rarely been investigated. Here, we study two LFS or Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome (LFLS) patients whose cancers showed aggressive phenotypes. Patient 1 with LFS and TP53(R273H) developed a rhabdomyosarcoma twice at the ages of 18 months and 21 years. A single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based analysis revealed two amplicons in the second tumor; one at 5q11.2 containing MAP3K1 and the other at 11q22.2 containing BIRC2/3 and YAP1. Increase of kinase signaling of MAP3K1 along with anti-apoptosis function of BIRC2/3 may have facilitated progression of this tumor. Patient 2 with LFLS and wild-typeTP53 suffered from acute myeloid leukemia. The leukemic cells had TP53(I195T) and two amplicons; one at 8q24.1 containing DEPDC6 and the other at 8q24.2 containing TRIB1, MYC, and PVT1. Quantitative PCR confirmed amplification of the genes and FISH revealed co-amplification of DEPDC6 and PVT1 in the same double minutes. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed increased expression levels of TRIB1, but no or little expression of DEPDC6, MYC, and PVT1. The results indicate that TRIB1 may be the target gene in the amplicon in the leukemia cells. Mutant TP53 can be engaged in pathways triggering gene amplification through impairment of DNA double-stranded break repair. The amplified candidate oncogenes identified in this study may have played a part in cancer development and lead to the poor outcome of LFS or LFLS-associated tumors.     

The many faces of SRPK1

Serine–arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) phosphorylates proteins involved in the regulation of several mRNA‐processing pathways, including alternative splicing. SRPK1 has been recently reported to be overexpressed in multiple cancers, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioma. Several studies have shown that inhibition of SRPK1 has anti‐tumoural effects, and SRPK1 has therefore become a new candidate for targeted therapies. Interestingly, in terms of molecular mechanism, SRPK1 seems to act heterogeneously, and has been reported to affect several processes in different cancers, e.g. angiogenesis in prostate and colon cancer, apoptosis in breast and colon cancer, and migration in breast cancer. A recent report adds to this puzzle, showing that the main effect of SRPK1 overexpression in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma is to stimulate a stem cell‐like phenotype. This pleiotropy might be related to preferential activation of different downstream signalling pathways by SRPK1 in various cancers. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.     

ALEX1 may be a novel biomarker for human cervical squamous cell carcinoma

The armadillo repeat proteins were first found in armadillo gene of Drosophila. Since then a number of proteins containing armadillo repeats have been noticed and studied. These proteins that consist of 6 to 13 armadillo repeat domains are classified as family of armadillo repeat proteins. Recently, several studies indicated that armadillo repeat family of proteins play an important role in the tumorigenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity. ALEX1 (Arm protein lost in epithelial cancers, on chromosome X), contains two armadillo repeats domains, is expressed different in normal and carcinomas tissues. Several studies have found that ALEX1 protein lost in tumors that originated in epithelial tissues. We evaluated the ALEX1 protein expression in 53 cervical cancers and in 53 non-cancerous cervical tissues from patients and adjacent non-cancerous tissues using immunohistochemistry Results: ALEX1 protein expression is significantly increased in 53 cervical cancers tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues. We found, for the first time, that ALEX1 protein expression in cervical cancers tissues is higher than non-cancerous tissues. It is suggested that the ALEX1 protein is associated with tumorigenesis in cervical cancer and we speculate that the ALEX1 may plays a role as an oncogene in cervical cancer. Moreover, ALEX1 may serve as a novel potential diagnostic biomarker in identifying cervical cancer.     

Protection from renal fibrosis,putative role of TRIB3 gene silencing

Background

Renal fibrosis is thought to be the common pathway in most cases of chronic kidney disease. Recently, TRIB3 was found to play an important role in progression of cardiac fibrosis in an insulin-resistant state. We investigated whether TRIB3 might participate in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in insulin-resistant rats.

Methods

We randomly separated 40 male Sprague–Dawley into 4 groups for treatment (n = 10 each): control and high-fat diet (HFD) with TRIB3 siRNA adenovirus transfection, vehicle transfection or HFD alone. Insulin resistance markers were measured. Renal tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff.

Results

Rats with HFD showed insulin resistance and TRIB3 overexpression. Upregulated TRIB3 expression could induce renal fibrosis accompanied by increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Also, TRIB3 siRNA knockdown could ameliorate renal fibrosis, which was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of ERK.

Conclusions

TRIB3 gene silencing can attenuate renal fibrosis for beneficial effect on the development of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease in rat.     

Relationship between SDC1 and cadherin signalling activation in cancer

E-cadherin and SDC1 are markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that can be used to assess tumour prognosis. SDC1 has different effects in various types of cancers. On the one hand, reduced expression of SDC1 can leads to advantage stages of some cancers, such as gastric and colorectal cancer. On the other hand, SDC1 overexpression can also promote the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in pancreatic and breast cancer. However, the function of SDC1 is influenced and regulated by many factors. Exfoliated extracellular domain HS chain can mediate the function of SDC1 and play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. SDC1 binds to various ligands and influences the growth and reproduction of cancer cells via the activation of Wnt, the long isoform of FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP long), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and MAPK/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and other pathways. Cadherins occur in several types, but this review focuses on classical cadherins. N-cadherin and P-cadherin are activated during tumour development, whereas E-cadherin is a tumour suppressor. The cellular signalling pathways involved in classical cadherins, such as Wnt and VEGFR pathways, are also related to SDC1. The activation of E-cadherin caused by SDC1 knockdown has also been observed. Despite this evidence, no articles regarding the relationship of SDC1 and cadherin activation have been published. This review summarises the expressions of these two molecules in different cancers and analyses their possible relationship to provide insights into future cancer research and clinical treatment.     

Protection of telomeres 1 protein levels are associated with telomere length in gastric cancer

Protection of telomeres 1 (Pot1) is a telomere-associated protein, which binds to the single-stranded DNA extensions of telomeres and regulates telomere length. Pot1 production was examined and compared with telomere length in gastric cancer. Pot1 production and telomere lengths were assessed in 5 human gastric cancer cell lines by immunoblotting and Southern blotting, respectively. Pot1 intracellular localization was examined with protein fractionation. Pot1 index and telomere volume were examined in human gastric mucosa and cancer by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Pot1 protein levels, which were lower than those in the lymphocytes of healthy persons, were significantly correlated with telomere length in gastric cancer cells (P=0.0167). Pot1 protein was mainly detected in the nuclear fraction and increased by G2/M blocking with nocodazole in MKN28 cells. Pot1 indexes were correlated with telomere volumes in gastric cancers (P<0.0001). Pot1 index was decreased in gastric epithelia distant from cancer (84+/-14%), in peritumoral epithelia (72+/-24%), and in stage I-II (39+/-14%) and stage III-IV (23+/-14%) gastric cancers (P<0.0001). Pot1 index was lower in stage III-IV than in stage I-II gastric cancers (P<0.05). Pot1-low cases showed advanced cancer invasion (P<0.05). Thus, Pot1 production was closely associated with telomere length in gastric mucosa and cancers. Pot1 might be a good in situ marker for the examination of cell-specific telomere length.