多普勒超声检查在卵巢肿物诊断中的意义(附112例病例分析)

目的：了解多普勒超声在卵巢良恶性肿物中的鉴别诊断意义。方法：对照比较１１２例术前疑为卵巢肿物的多普勒超声图像特点与术后病理结果。结果：１１２例患者术后病理诊断良性肿物１１种８４例,恶性肿物８种２８例。良、恶性肿物的外周血流特点除平均得分外均无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。良、恶性肿物内的血流特点差异显著（Ｐ＜００５,Ｐ＜００１）。结论：卵巢肿物的外周血流特点无鉴别诊断意义。肿物的内部血流特点在鉴别良、恶性方面有一定的鉴别诊断意义。     

脑内转移瘤的临床表现与CT诊断

分析20例脑内转移瘤临床及CT表现。多发16例,单发4例。平扫显示低、等或高密度肿块。增强后病灶有不同程度均匀或者不均匀(包括环状)强化,肿块大小、数目及边界均能较清楚显示。多数瘤周有明显脑水肿,脑水肿的轻重与临床症状的轻重成正比关系。     

PAROTOID TUMOURS: A STUDY OF 65 CASES

Sixty five patients who had undergone surgery for parotid tumours over a period of nine years were studied retrospectively. There were 45 males and 20 females. There were 49 benign and 16 malignant tumours. Age ranged 35-69 years; mean 47 years. Pain (6%) and facial palsy (3%) were unusual features. Size of tumour at presentation varied from 1.5 to 12 cm. Superficial parotidectomy was the commonest operation performed and Total/Radical/Extended parotidectomy was done in selected cases. Postoperative radiotherapy was used in six cases. No recurrences were noted following surgery for benign tumours. However a local recurrence rate of 37% was found for malignancies (6/16 cases). This paper aims to review the experience of managing these tumours in the setting of service hospitals.KEY WORDS: Carcinoma parotid, Parotid tumour, Pleomorphic adenoma     

图像法DNA分析在骨肿瘤穿刺活检的应用

应用图像分析仪测定35例骨肿瘤穿刺组织的肿瘤细胞核DNA含量。结果表明恶性骨肿瘤DNA含量高于良性,良恶性之间差异非常显著。骨巨细胞瘤DNA指数广泛分布在良恶性之间,显示出“中间性肿瘤”的特征。骨巨细胞瘤复发组含量显著高于无复发组,提示DNA含量与肿瘤生物学行为有密切关系。术前穿刺DNA含量分析,有助于对肿瘤增殖能力的了解,作为术式选择,良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别和预后估计的参考。穿刺DNA图像分析法的开展是可行的,具有一定的临床价值。     

椎管内神经鞘瘤60例分析

本文报告了山东省7个单位近期治疗神经鞘瘤60例,它是神经科常见病之一,是疗效较为理想的良性肿瘤,如能早期确诊及手术对恢复劳动力具有重要意义。神经鞘瘤有突出的神经根痛,脑脊液检验有不同程度的梗阻和蛋白细胞分离。手术见肿瘤多位于脊髓前外侧,如位于脊髓前方时不要误为脊髓内肿瘤。如亚铃型肿瘤一次切除困难,病人体质差;多发性椎管内肿瘤,肿瘤两端距离较大时,可分期切除肿瘤,力求完全切除,以达根治。     

恶性肿瘤五年死亡资料人群分布分析

目的：调查分析恶性肿瘤的人群分布情况，为查找病因，开展防治工作提供基础研究资料，方法：用流行病学方法收集整理资料，经统计学处理后进行不同因素的比较分析。结果：肿瘤居死因第３位，死亡率最高的３种恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌，胃癌和肝癌，结论：通过调查资料分析，初步揭示了病因线索，也为加强防治措施等提供了部分依据。     

颅内脑膜瘤的MR影像特点

分析６７例颅内脑膜瘤的信号变化，发现７０％的脑膜瘤其信号变化和脑灰质信号变化同步，１９．４％的脑膜瘤信号随着回波时间的延长而升高，１０．４％的脑膜瘤信号在Ｔ２加权为混杂信号。同时，得出磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）对脑膜瘤的正确诊断率达９２．５％，脑膜瘤被ＭＲＩ误诊为其它肿瘤的为７．５％，其它肿瘤被ＭＲＩ误诊为脑膜瘤的为４．６％，并探讨了ＭＲＩ的误诊原因及误诊病变的好发部位。     

脑电图早期诊断颅内肿瘤6例报告

本文报告6例颅内肿瘤患者在视乳头水肿出现以前由脑电图作出定位诊断。作者认为其原因可能是由于患者首发症状是癫痫,肿瘤生长较慢并位于大脑半球及脑电图电极与导联选择恰当等。作者强调门诊推广脑电图检查有助于早期诊断颅内肿瘤。     

心外成人型横纹肌瘤(附3例光镜、电镜及免疫组化观察)

目的：总结所遇３例心外成人型横纹肌瘤的临床病理特征,并对文献作简要复习。方法：用光镜、电镜及免疫组织化学方法对成人型横纹肌瘤作了观察。结果：３例均为成人,女性２例、男性１例。肿瘤位于颈、外耳道和足部。临床及文献资料揭示本瘤易发于头颈部,光、电镜及免疫组织化学观察其为横纹肌的良性肿瘤,与横纹肌损伤后的再生类似。结论：心外成人型横纹肌瘤为一良性肿瘤,其发生可能与损伤有关。     

腹腔肿块的针吸细胞学诊断

84例腹腔肿块,经皮针吸69例,术中针吸13例,B超定位下针吸2例,针吸均取得成功,经与组织学检查等对照,诊断结果满意。针吸细胞学检查用于腹腔肿块的诊断,操作容易,费用低,诊断及时、安全,并发症少,无假阳性诊断,可以替代一些不必要的手术探查和活检,是一种有效的、良好的诊断方法。     

子宫内膜间质肿瘤临床病理研究(A1AT及A1ACT检测意义探讨)

子宫内膜间质肿瘤常见为低度恶性内膜间质异位症;与高度恶性间质肉瘤主要不同点在于前者瘤细胞异形性小,核分裂相少、生长缓慢,复发及转移发生较晚,预后较好。由于两者预后有显著差别,必须严格掌握诊断标准,注意区分其恶性程度。免疫组织化学PAP法显示内膜间质肿瘤A1AT及A1ACT多阳性,与平滑肌肉瘤鉴别,具有重要参考价值。     

提高肝外胆道肿瘤B型超声诊断率的体会

本文分析经手术及病理证实的23例肝外胆道肿瘤的超声图像,典型的肝外胆道肿瘤的超声图像特征为“截断征”,“杯口征”,“鼠尾征”,“结节征”以及“双扩征”。由于本组病例均严格做好检查前准备,多体位、多切面的探查以及超声监视下一定量的饮水,除2例假阳性外,超声诊断符合率为92％(23/25)。结果表明B型超声对肝外胆道肿瘤具有重要的诊断价值和独特之处。     

四种常见恶性肿瘤患者血清免疫球蛋白水平的检测

作者分别用单免疫扩散法和生物素-亲和素酶联免疫吸附试验(BA-ELISA)测定192例四种常见恶性肿瘤(胃癌、肺癌、乳癌和恶性淋巴瘤)患者的血清IgG、IgA、IgM和IgE水平。结果显示,患者的IgG、IgA和IgE水平都增高,尤以IgG和IgE增高明显。发现肿瘤晚期和术后复发转移患者血清IgG增高显著(P<0.01)。33例化疗后患者的血清Ig含量有明显下降,除IgE水平仍高于对照组外,IgG、IgA均在正常值范围。因而我们认为肿瘤患者的血清Ig含量与病情变化密切有关,对判断病情、疗效和预后有其重要意义。     

乳腺癌胞质内腔的研究

对９７例乳腺癌、２１例乳腺良性病变和９６例其它恶性肿瘤ＩＣＬｓ进行了研究，发现ＩＣＬｓ有两种类型，Ａ型ＩＣＬｓ含有分泌物，Ｂ型不合分泌物。乳腺癌ＩＣＬｓ阳性率显著高于良性病变和其它恶性肿瘤（ｐ＜０．００５），提示ＩＣＬｓ有助于乳腺癌的诊断和确定淋巴结转移癌的乳腺原发灶。并对ＩＣＬｓ发生机制进行了讨论。     

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour in a postmenopausal woman showing all facets of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS)

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours are rare sex stromal tumours with an incidence of < 0.5% of all ovarian tumours. Most frequently this tumour occurs in young women with a history of amenorrhoea, hirsutism and lowered pitch. Here, we report on a woman with IRS, postmenopausal virilization and increased testosterone levels due to a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour. This is the first case to suggest an association between IRS and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours. Furthermore, we highlight the difficulties in detecting this ovarian tumour with sonography.     

CORRELATIONSHIP OF CATHEPSIN D AND TOPOISOMERASE II ALPHA WITH NUCLEAR GRADING IN BREAST CANCERS

56 cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast were studied for the expression of cathepsin D and topoisomerase II alpha. The results were correlated with the morphological differentiation, as determined by the Nottingham''s modification of the Bloom-Richardson system. Cathepsin D posltivity in tumour cells and stromal cells was seen in 44.6% and 55.4% cases respectively, whereas topoisomerase II alpha positivity was seen in 33.9% cases. In grade II tumours cathepsin D in tumour cells and stromal cells was 44.4% and 47.2% respectively, as compared to 27.8% posltivity for topoisomerase II alpha. The corresponding figures for grade III tumours were 50.0%, 79.6% and 64.3 % respectively. As grade I comprised only 3 cases no statistical correlation could be observed. It is evident that with increase in tumour grade there is a statistical increase in expression of cathepsin D, a lysosomal acidle protease-implicated in the process of tumour invasion and metastasis, and of topoisomerase II alpha, a marker of rapid cell proliferation and aneuploidy.KEY WORDS: Breast carcinoma, Cathepsin D, Grading, Prognosis, Topoisomerase II alpha     

The prophylaxis of nonindustrial urothelial tumours

Present knowledge concerning carcinogenesis and the natural history of urothelial tumours precludes firm conclusions relative to nonindustrial prophylaxis. However, a number of measures are consistent with current data and may be instituted for those patients with a demonstrated propensity to urothelial tumours. Their acceptability is based on the lack of associated toxicity for the patient. These measures include the elimination of significant infection, cigarettes, artificial sweeteners, analgesic abuse and coffee, the administration of vitamins C and B₆, and in selected cases, the use of thiotepa. It is emphasized that the merit of these steps in altering the natural history of urothelial tumours is uncertain.     

Brain Tumours Simulating Psychiatric Disease

Brain tumours may present with symptoms indistinguishable from psychiatric disease. The impression of most psychiatrists is that individuals suffering from brain tumour rarely appear among their patients. A priori reasoning based on evidence from neurological, neurosurgical and pathological sources suggests the contrary.

The present study is a frequency analysis of cases of previously undiagnosed brain tumours admitted to either an open psychoneurotic ward or a mental hospital over a period of 15 years. The results support the impression held by psychiatrists that brain tumours are uncommon among psychiatric patients.

     

应用ZL-A型电脑肿瘤特性分析仪检测700例结果分析

本文分析应用ZL-A型电脑肿瘤特性分析仪检测700例的结果,表明该仪敏感性强、操作简便、易于掌握、无痛苦,是大面积普查、筛选恶性肿瘤、达到早期发现、早期治疗的有用仪器。本方法是有社会效益的检测方法。     

He─Ne激光照射对肿瘤患者IL─2基因表达作用的研究

本研究采用核酸杂交技术、ＥＬＩＳＡ、~３Ｈ─ＴｄＲ掺入法及免疫荧光技术检测肿瘤患者及５００只带瘤ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠Ｈｅ─Ｎｅ激光照射前后ＩＬ─２ｍＲＮＡ、ｓＩＬ─２Ｒ、ｍＩＬ─２Ｒ及ＩＬ─２活性的变化。研究结果表明，Ｈｅ─Ｎｅ激光照射具有促进ＩＬ─２基因表达的作用。激光照射组ＩＬ─２ｍＲＮＡ、ｍＩＬ─２Ｒ、ＩＬ─２活性均明显增加，而血清ｓＩＬ─２Ｒ减少，瘤块明显缩小，与非激光组比较（Ｐ＜０．０１），差异有高度显著性。此研究从基因水平上阐明Ｈｅ─Ｎｅ激光具有促进肿瘤患者内源性ＩＬ─２产生的作用，为肿瘤的治疗提供了一条新途径。