Clinical Review of Iressa for the Treatment of NSCLC

Following development of basic science and the advancement of tumor molecular biology, molecular-target therapy has evolved as a new field for cancer treatment. The agents used act at specific target points such as receptors, kinases and signal transduction systems which are related to tumor growth. These actions result in inhibting proliferation, metastasis, vascularization, and promoting tumor apoptosis. Iressa （gefitinib） which is used for the treatment of NSCLC is a small molecular weight agent acting by inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase. Iressa was the first approved agent for target therapy for the treatment of NSCLC. This article focuses on the results from clinical trials and the potential of Iressa for the treatment of NSCLC.     

PET for Staging of Esophageal Cancer

FDG-PET is of clinical value especially for detection of distant metastases or recurrentesophageal cancer.For the staging of primary tumor or locoregional lymph node metastasis PET is cur-rently not suitable.     

Solicit for Subscriptions of The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology

The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology, a medical academic periodical superintended by Chinese Educational Ministry, sponsored by Huazhong University of Science and Technology and cooperatively published by China-Germany , is issued and published as a united journal of Chinese-German Medical Association in China and German-Chinese Medical Association in Germany.     

Solicit for Subscriptions of The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology

The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology, a medical academic periodical superintended by Chinese Educational Ministry, sponsored by Huazhong University of Science and Technology and cooperatively published by China-Germany , is issued and published as a united journal of Chinese-German Medical Association in China and German-Chinese Medical Association in Germany.This jounral can be ordered at local post offices of China and also directly subscribed from Editorial Office of The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology.Publication on the 25th of the end of each quarter, Code No. BM 38-121Quarterly issued both internal and external     

Evaluation of Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Gastric Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To study the proper sites and doses of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for gastric carcinoma and the effects of this treatment.METHODS A total of 106 cases of stage Ⅰ- Ⅳ gastric carcinoma who received a D2 or D3 radical resection operation combined with IORT were analyzed. Sixty-seven patients with gastric cancer of the antrum and body received distal gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation were at the celiac artery and hepatoduodenal ligament area. Another 39 patients with carcinoma of the cardia and upper part of the gastric body and whole stomach received proximal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation for this group were the upper margin of the pancreas and the regional paraaorta.The therapeutic effects (including survival and complications) of these 106cases who received a combined operation IORT (IORT group) were compared with 441 cases treated during the same time period by a radical resection operation alone (operation group).RESULTS The radiation dose below 30 Gy was safe. The therapeutic method of the operation combined with IORT did not prolong the survival time of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅳ gastric cancer, but the 5-year survival rates of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancers were significantly improved.While the 5-year survival rates of the stage Ⅲ cancer patients receiving D2 resection combined with IORT had marked improvement, for those receiving a D3 radical resection, only the postoperative survival rates at 3 and 4 years of those cases in stages Ⅲ cancers were improved (P＜0.005-0.001). The 5-year survival rate for those patients was raised only 4.7%(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The 5-year survival rates of patients with stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric carcinoma who received a D2 lymphadenectomy combined with IORT were improved and had no influence on the postoperative complications and mortality.     

Level of detail technique for plant models

1 IntroductionPlant is a basic element in our environment,andit is also a specific phenomenon in the nature with com-plex shapes and colours,and with rich details of small,isolated and non-manifold geometry.Modelling,simulation and visualization of forestlandscape is a new multidisciplinary research of com-puter science,agric-forestry,and ecosystem.Interac-tive and realistic visualization of plant community be-come challenging problem in computer graphics andvirtual reality[1,2].The difficulti…     

The Use of Postoperative Serum HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ for Judgment of the Prognosis for Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value of hepatoma-specific alpha -fetoprotein (HS-AFP) and gamma-glutamyltransferaseⅡ(GGTⅡ) for judgment of postoperative prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS HS-AFP was separated and determined using native polyacrylamide electrophoresis with a discontinuous buffer system and Western blots. GGTⅡwas separated with native polyacrylamide electrophoresis with a discontinuous buffer system and detected by enzyme staining. Forty cases with HCC underwent serial determination of HS-AFP and GGTⅡbefore and after radical excision. The correlations were analyzed between the two indices and survival time. RESULTS In the 40 cases with HCC, before radical excision the positive rates of HS-AFP and GGTⅡwere 57.5% and 67.5% respectively, with the positive rate of combined HS-AFP and GGTⅡreaching 80.0%. After operation, the recurrence and metastasis rate in the groups with positive HS-AFP and GGTⅡwere 90.9% and 58.8% respectively, while in the groups with negative HS-AFP and GGTⅡthe rates were 20.7% and 26.1% respectively. Recurrence and metastasis occurred in all cases with both postoperative positive HS-AFP and GGTⅡbut only in 9.5% of the cases in whom both postoperative HS-AFP and GGTⅡwere negative. Univariate analysis revealed that postoperative HS-AFP and GGTⅡwere related to the prognosis in HCC. CONCLUSION Postoperative serum HS-AFP and GGTⅡare very useful in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.     

The European Medicines Agency review of cabazitaxel (Jevtana®) for the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer: summary of the scientific assessment of the committee for medicinal products for human use

After completing this course, the reader will be able to:

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research Guidelines for Authors

Chinese Journal of Cancer Research （CJCR） is the official publication of Chinese Auti-Cancer Association （CACA）. The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainly cancer etiology and epidemiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular genetics, gene diagnosis and gene therapy, pathology of malignant tumor, research on anti-cancer drugs, imaging diagnosis of cancer, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology and biological therapy of cancer, etc..     

Chinese Journal of Cancer Research Guidelines for Authors

Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR) is the official publication of Chinese Auti-Cancer Association (CACA). The Journal published quarterly in English focuses on the aspects of cancer research including mainly cancer etiology and epidemiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular genetics, gene diagnosis and gene therapy, pathology of     

Time for reappraisal of extracranial treatment options?

BACKGROUND.

The optimal treatment of the primary tumor in patients with brain metastases (BM) from newly diagnosed nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. The authors aimed to identify patient groups with synchronous BM for whom radical treatment of the primary site may be appropriate.

METHODS.

The medical records of 167 patients treated at our center between November 2000 and June 2009 for newly diagnosed NSCLC and synchronous BM were reviewed. All patients underwent surgery/radiosurgery (n = 86) or whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT; n = 81) for BM. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed prognostic factors significant for overall survival (OS).

RESULTS.

Median OS of patients undergoing surgery/radiosurgery for BM was 12.1 months. Those undergoing “radical” thoracic treatment (n = 24) had a longer median OS (28.4 months) than those undergoing chemotherapy (n = 74; 12.1 months) or supportive therapy (n = 69; 5.6 months, P < .01). Patients with stage I thoracic disease (n = 23) had a longer median OS (18.5 months) than those with stage III (n = 43; 9.4 months) or with intra/extra‐thoracic metastases other than BM (stage IV; n = 20; 2.7 months, P < .01). Median OS of WBRT patients was 3.7 months. One patient underwent radical thoracic treatment. Patients undergoing chemotherapy (n = 42) had a longer median OS (5.7 months) than patients undergoing supportive therapy only (n = 38; 1.6 months, P < .01). Performance status and age were also associated with OS.

CONCLUSIONS.

Radical thoracic treatments may be justified in selected patients <65‐years‐old, eligible to undergo surgery/radiosurgery for synchronous BM from NSCLC, even when stage III thoracic disease is present. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society