基于降秩回归的膳食模式与中国四省55岁及以上人群抑郁症状的关联性

目的 通过降秩回归法了解中国55岁及以上人群抑郁症状相关膳食模式及其与抑郁症状关联程度.方法 采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,于2018-2019年在河北、浙江、陕西及湖南四省选取11 497名参加"神经系统疾病专病社区队列研究"基线调查的55岁及以上人群作为研究对象[年龄为(67.3±7.6)岁,其中男性占43.1...     

Dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with the risk for diabetes and dyslipidemia

Several studies have been conducted on dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition in Asian populations. We examined the cross-sectional associations in dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition, including the glycemic index (GI) with dyslipidemia and diabetes among the Korean adult population. We analyzed 9,725 subjects (3,795 men and 5,930 women, ≥ 20 years) from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was collected using single 24-hour recall. Reduced rank regression was used to derive dietary patterns from 22 food groups as predictor variables and four dietary factors related to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates as response variables. Two dietary patterns were identified: 1) the balanced pattern was characterized by high intake of various kinds of foods including white rice, and 2) the rice-oriented pattern was characterized by a high intake of white rice but low intake of vegetables, fruits, meat, and dairy products. Both patterns had considerable amounts of total carbohydrate, but GI values differed. The rice-oriented pattern was positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia in men and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both men and women. The balanced pattern had no overall significant association with the prevalence of dyslipidemia or diabetes, however, men with energy intake above the median showed a reduced prevalence of diabetes across quintiles of balanced pattern scores. The results show that dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetes in the Korean adult population.     

Association of Dietary Pattern with Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Postmenopausal Women in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study from 2001 to 2015

Unhealthy diet and inappropriate lifestyle contribute to an imbalance in cardiometabolic profiles among postmenopausal women. This research aimed to analyze the association between dietary pattern and changes in cardiovascular risk factors among postmenopausal Taiwanese women using binary logistic regression. This cross-sectional study involved 5689 postmenopausal Taiwanese women aged 45 years and above, and the data were obtained from Mei Jau Health Management Institution database between 2001 and 2015. The cardiovascular risk dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of processed food, rice/flour products, organ meat, and sauce was derived by reduced rank regression. Participants in the highest quartile of the cardiovascular risk dietary pattern were more likely to have high levels of systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.08–1.53), diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.01–1.62), atherogenic index of plasma (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49), triglycerides (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.17–1.62), and fasting blood glucose (Q3: OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.07–1.97). However, this dietary pattern was not correlated with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein. Therefore, adherence to the cardiovascular risk dietary pattern increases the risk of having higher levels of blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose in postmenopausal Taiwanese women.     

绝经期妇女膳食模式与骨质疏松症关系

目的 探索不同膳食模式与骨质疏松的关系。方法 随机抽取哈尔滨市绝经期妇女282人,采用食物频率调查表(FFQ)进行膳食调查,同时进行骨密度检测,用因子分析方法建立膳食模式,分析不同膳食模式与骨质疏松症的关系。结果 通过因子分析得到4种膳食模式,即以家禽类、加工肉制品、红肉类为主肉类膳食模式,以深色蔬菜、浅色蔬菜、薯类为主蔬菜膳食模式,以奶制品、甜饮料、水果为主牛奶膳食模式,以粥、粗杂粮、米饭、面粉类食物为主的主食膳食模式;在多因素logistic回归中,调整了年龄、初潮年龄及体质指数(BMI)等因素后,发现牛奶膳食模式对骨质疏松症起保护作用,最高四分位数相对于最低四分位数的OR值为0.311(95%CI=0.115~0.838)。结论 绝经期妇女的膳食模式可分为肉类模式、蔬菜模式、牛奶模式和主食模式,膳食模式与骨质疏松密切相关。     

Associations of B Vitamin-Related Dietary Pattern during Pregnancy with Birth Outcomes: A Population-Based Study in Northwest China

This study aimed to derive a maternal dietary pattern to explain the variation in B vitamins during pregnancy and to investigate this pattern in relation to birth outcomes. A total of 7347 women who gave birth to live newborns less than one year were included. Their dietary pattern during pregnancy was derived using the reduced-rank regression method with six B vitamins as response variables. Associations between dietary pattern score and birth weight, gestational age at delivery, birth weight Z score, low birth weight, preterm, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) were estimated using generalised linear mixed models. We identified a high B-vitamin dietary pattern characterised by high intakes of animal foods, vegetables, fungi and algae, legumes, and low intakes of oils and cereals. Women in the highest quartile of this pattern score had newborns with a 44.5 g (95% CI: 13.8, 75.2 g) higher birth weight, 0.101 (95% CI: 0.029, 0.172) higher birth weight Z score, and 27.2% (OR: 0.728; 95% CI: 0.582, 0.910) lower risk of SGA than those in the lowest quartile. Our study suggested that adherence to the high B-vitamin dietary pattern during pregnancy was associated with a higher birth weight and a lower risk of SGA.     

The Prospective Associations of Lipid Metabolism-Related Dietary Patterns with the Risk of Diabetes in Chinese Adults

Background: This study aimed to identify lipid metabolism-related dietary patterns with reduced rank regression (RRR) among Chinese adults and examine their associations with incident diabetes. Methods: We derived lipid metabolism-related dietary patterns using an RRR with 21 food groups as predictors as well as total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference from the responses of 17,318 participants from the second resurvey of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). The dietary scores were calculated for the entire cohort. We followed up 479,207 participants for diabetes incidence from the baseline and used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Two lipid metabolism-related dietary patterns were extracted. The dietary pattern—characterized by high intakes of fish, poultry, and other staples as well as fresh fruit and vegetables—was correlated with a higher BMI, waist circumference, and LDL cholesterol. Participants in the highest quintile (Q5) had a 44% increased risk of diabetes incidence when compared with those in the lowest quintile (Q1) (HR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.31–1.59). Conclusions: A dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of both animal and plant foods was related to obesity and dyslipidemia and could increase the risk of diabetes incidence.     

Dietary Patterns Derived from Reduced Rank Regression Are Associated with the 5-Year Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome: Aichi Workers’ Cohort Study

The aim of the present study was to derive dietary patterns to explain variation in a set of nutrient intakes or in the measurements of waist circumference (WC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) using reduced rank regression (RRR) and to prospectively investigate these patterns in relation to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components during the follow-up. The study participants were comprised of 2944 government employees aged 30–59 years without MetS. RRR was applied with 38 food groups as predictors and with two sets of response variables. The first set included intake of putatively beneficial nutrients, and the first factor retained was named the Healthy Dietary Pattern (HDP). The second one included baseline WC and FBG, and the first factor was named the Unhealthy Dietary Pattern (UHDP). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals with adjustments for age, sex, total energy consumption and other potential confounders. During the 5-year median follow-up, we ascertained 374 cases of MetS. The HDP score was inversely associated with the incidence of MetS (p-trend = 0.009) and hypertension (p-trend = 0.002) and marginally significantly associated with elevated triglyceride and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p-trend = 0.08). The UHDP score was linearly positively associated with the incidence of MetS and all its components (all p-trend < 0.05). Both the HDP and UHDP predicted the development of MetS and its components.     

Dietary sugar intake and dietary behaviors in Korea: a pooled study of 2,599 children and adolescents aged 9-14 years

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESDietary sugar intake, particularly added sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages, has received worldwide attention recently. Investigation of dietary behaviors may facilitate understanding of dietary sugar intakes of children and adolescents. However, the relationship between dietary sugar intake and dietary behaviors in the Korean population has not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to estimate dietary sugar intake and food sources according to sex as well as examine the relationship of dietary sugar intake with frequent snacking and dietary patterns among Korean children and adolescents.SUBJECTS/METHODSWe pooled data from five studies involving Korean children and adolescents conducted from 2002 to 2011. A total of 2,599 subjects aged 9-14 years were included in this study. Each subject completed more than 3 days of dietary records.RESULTSMean daily total sugar intake was 46.6 g for boys and 54.3 g for girls. Compared with boys, girls showed higher sugar intakes from fruits (7.5 g for boys and 8.8 g for girls; P = 0.0081) and processed foods (27.9 g for boys and 34.9 g for girls; P < 0.0001). On average, 95.4% of boys and 98.8% of girls consumed snacks during the study period, and total sugar intake showed a significantly increasing trend with increasing energy intake from snacks (P < 0.0001 for both sexes). Two dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis: Traditional and Westernized patterns. Total sugar intake was higher in the Westernized pattern (56.2 g for boys and 57.2 g for girls) than in the Traditional pattern (46.5 g for boys and 46.3 g for girls).CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that multilateral and practical development of a nutrition education and intervention program that considers dietary behaviors as well as absolute sugar intake is required to prevent excessive sugar intake in Korean children and adolescents.     

南京市城市居民膳食模式与体力活动对高血压发病联合作用

目的 探讨膳食模式与体力活动水平对江苏省南京市居民高血压发病风险的联合作用,为高血压的预防控制提供参考依据。方法 于2007年5-7月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在南京市秦淮、白下2个行政区抽取7个社区共3376名30~75岁城市居民进行高血压筛查,将其中筛查出的418例新发高血压患者和782名未患高血压人群分别作为病例组和对照组进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果 418例病例组新发高血压患者中,采用西式膳食模式(WDP)和精明膳食模式(PDP)者分别占58.37%和41.63%,体力活动不足和充足者分别占56.22%和43.78%;782名对照组未患高血压人群中,采用WDP和PDP者分别占23.40%和76.60%,体力活动不足和充足者分别占48.98%和51.02%;在调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、家庭年均收入、体质指数(BMI)等混杂因素后,多因素条件logistic回归分析结果显示,采用PDP者发生高血压的风险为采用WDP者的0.208倍(OR=0.208,95%CI=0.160~0.270),体力活动充足者发生高血压的风险为体力活动不足者的0.756倍(OR=0.756,95%CI=0.593~0.962),采用PDP且体力活动不足者、采用WDP且体力活动充足者和采用PDP且体力活动充足者发生高血压的风险分别为采用WDP且体力活动不足者的0.124倍(OR=0.124,95%CI=0.084~0.183)、0.357倍(OR=0.357,95%CI=0.237~0.539)和0.103倍(OR=0.103,95%CI=0.068~0.156)。结论 采用健康的膳食模式和保持充足的体力活动均可降低高血压的发病风险,2种方式联合降低高血压发病风险的效果更好。     

Reduced Rank Regression-Derived Dietary Patterns Related to the Fatty Liver Index and Associations with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Ghanaian Populations under Transition: The RODAM Study

The Fatty Liver Index (FLI) is a proxy for the steatotic component of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For sub-Saharan African populations, the contribution of dietary factors to the development of NAFLD in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains to be clarified. We identified sex-specific dietary patterns (DPs) related to the FLI using reduced ranked regression (RRR) and evaluated the associations of these DPs with T2DM. This analysis used data from the RODAM, a multi-center cross-sectional study of Ghanaian populations living in Ghana and Europe. The daily intake frequencies of 30 food groups served as the predictor variables, while the FLI was the response variable. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for T2DM were calculated per one standard deviation increase in the DP score using logistic regression. In males, the DP score explained 9.9% of the variation in their food intake and 16.0% of the variation in the FLI. This DP was characterized by high intakes of poultry, whole-grain cereals, coffee and tea, condiments, and potatoes, and the chance of T2DM was 45% higher per 1 DP score-SD (Model 2). Our results indicate that the intake of modernized foods was associated with proxies of NAFLD, possibly underlying the metabolic pathways to developing T2DM.     

Dietary patterns associated with hypertension among Korean males

The objectives of this study were to identify the dietary patterns associated with hypertension among Korean males. Data from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey of 1,869 men aged 20-65 years were used for the analysis. As an initial analysis, a factor analysis was applied to identify major dietary patterns among the subjects. Then logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the pattern related with hypertension. As a result of the initial analysis, three major dietary patterns were identified. Dietary pattern 1 (traditional) was heavily loaded with vegetables, fish and cereal. Dietary pattern 2 (Western) was loaded with fast foods, bread, meats and dairy products. Dietary pattern 3 (Drinker) was loaded with mostly pork, beer and soju (Korean liquor). From the second stage of the analysis, there was a tendency of positive association between traditional patterns and hypertension risks. However, the tendency did not meet statistical significance level (p<0.05). In summary, unlikely findings from European and American studies, vegetables rich traditional dietary patterns did not show any protective effect on hypertension in Korean males. The Korean dietary practice, which is consuming salted vegetables instead of fresh vegetables, might have played a role in these findings. However, the full explanation of the findings remained to be answered with further investigation since none of the dietary patterns identified showed any statistical significance.     

Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Maternal dietary patterns before and during pregnancy play important roles in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy that are associated with GDM risk in pregnant U.S. women. From a 24 h dietary recall of 253 pregnant women (16–41 years) included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012, food items were aggregated into 28 food groups based on Food Patterns Equivalents Database. Three dietary patterns were identified by reduced rank regression with responses including prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), dietary fiber, and ratio of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acid: “high refined grains, fats, oils and fruit juice”, “high nuts, seeds, fat and soybean; low milk and cheese”, and “high added sugar and organ meats; low fruits, vegetables and seafood”. GDM was diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose levels ≥5.1 mmol/L for gestation <24 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for GDM, after controlling for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, family poverty income ratio, marital status, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, energy intake, physical activity, and log-transformed C-reactive protein (CRP). All statistical analyses accounted for the appropriate survey design and sample weights of the NHANES. Of 249 pregnant women, 34 pregnant women (14%) had GDM. Multivariable AOR (95% CIs) of GDM for comparisons between the highest vs. lowest tertiles were 4.9 (1.4–17.0) for “high refined grains, fats, oils and fruit juice” pattern, 7.5 (1.8–32.3) for “high nuts, seeds, fat and soybean; low milk and cheese” pattern, and 22.3 (3.9–127.4) for “high added sugar and organ meats; low fruits, vegetables and seafood” pattern after controlling for maternal sociodemographic variables, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, energy intake and log-transformed CRP. These findings suggest that dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with risk of GDM after controlling for potential confounders. The observed connection between a high consumption of refined grains, fat, added sugars and low intake of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy with higher odds for GDM, are consistent with general health benefits of healthy diets, but warrants further research to understand underlying pathophysiology of GDM associated with dietary behaviors during pregnancy.     

A Dietary Pattern Derived by Reduced Rank Regression is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in An Urban Ghanaian Population

Reduced rank regression (RRR) is an innovative technique to establish dietary patterns related to biochemical risk factors for type 2 diabetes, but has not been applied in sub-Saharan Africa. In a hospital-based case-control study for type 2 diabetes in Kumasi (diabetes cases, 538; controls, 668) dietary intake was assessed by a specific food frequency questionnaire. After random split of our study population, we derived a dietary pattern in the training set using RRR with adiponectin, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides as responses and 35 food items as predictors. This pattern score was applied to the validation set, and its association with type 2 diabetes was examined by logistic regression. The dietary pattern was characterized by a high consumption of plantain, cassava, and garden egg, and a low intake of rice, juice, vegetable oil, eggs, chocolate drink, sweets, and red meat; the score correlated positively with serum triglycerides and negatively with adiponectin. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of type 2 diabetes for the highest quintile compared to the lowest was 4.43 (95% confidence interval: 1.87–10.50, p for trend < 0.001). The identified dietary pattern increases the odds of type 2 diabetes in urban Ghanaians, which is mainly attributed to increased serum triglycerides.     

中国11～15岁青春期男生遗精发生与身体形态发育的关系

目的 调查中国11～15岁青春期男生遗精与身体形态发育的关系.方法 从2010年全国学生体质与健康调查数据中选取11 ～15岁男生的身高、体重、胸围、腰围、臀围等体测项目和遗精情况等资料,并计算BMI和腰围身高比.按同年龄(相差±0.1岁)1∶1随机匹配已遗精和未遗精男生,最终获得已遗精男生和未遗精男生各3440名,共计6880名.采用t检验分析不同年龄组中两组男生各项指标的差异;使用多水平模型分析遗精与身体形态发育的关系.结果 在6880名调查对象中,11 ～15岁各组已遗精男生的身高分别为(150.96 ±8.01)、(159.46±8.03)、(163.76±7.43)、(167.03±7.12)、(169.50±6.64) cm,未遗精男生分别为(147.38±6.54)、(153.55±8.68)、(160.35±8.66)、(164.44±7.98)、(167.98±7.80)cm,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.70、9.96、10.76、8.26、3.21,P值均＜0.01).多水平模型分析结果显示,11～13岁各组体重的差异最大,遗精组男生比非遗精组分别高4.20、7.23、3.93 kg(Waldx2值分别为13.11、70.73、72.93,P值均＜0.01);14～ 15岁各组身高的差异最大,遗精组男生比非遗精组分别高2.81、1.99 cm(Waldx2值分别为87.80、19.54,P值均＜0.01);遗精与未遗精男生各项指标的差异(β值)均随年龄呈抛物线变化,12岁组男生体重、BMI、身高、胸围、腰围、臀围、腰围身高比差异最大,β值分别为7.23 kg、1.64kg/m2、5.55 cm、4.40 cm、4.63 cm、4.94 cm、0.015;15岁组各项指标差异最小,β值分别为-0.39 kg、-0.56 kg/m2、1.99 cm、-0.57 cm、-1.59 cm、-0.42 cm、-0.015.结论 中国11～ 15岁男生遗精发生与身体形态发育存在相关性,且随年龄呈抛物线变化趋势.     

Dietary patterns associated with functional constipation among Japanese women aged 18 to 20 years: a cross-sectional study

Although several nutrients and foods have been suggested to be preventive for constipation, all previous studies have examined a single nutrient or food in each analysis. In contrast, analysis of dietary patterns may provide new insights into the influence of diet on functional constipation. We conducted a cross-sectional examination of the association between dietary pattern and functional constipation in 3,770 Japanese female dietetic course students aged 18-20 y from 53 institutions in Japan. Diet was assessed with a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire with 148 food items, from which 30 food groups were created and entered into a factor analysis. Functional constipation was defined using the Rome I criteria, which has previously been used in several epidemiologic studies on constipation. The prevalence of functional constipation was 26.0% (n=979). Four dietary patterns were identified: (1) "Healthy", (2) "Japanese traditional", (3) "Western," and 4) "Coffee and dairy products." After adjustment for several confounding factors, the "Japanese traditional" pattern, characterized by a high intake of rice, miso soup, and soy products and a low intake of bread and confectionaries, was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of functional constipation. In comparison with the lowest quintile, the multivariate adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.52 (0.41-0.66) in the highest quintile (p for trend < 0.0001). Other dietary patterns were not associated with functional constipation. The Japanese traditional dietary pattern, characterized by a high intake of rice and a low intake of bread and confectionaries, may be beneficial in preventing functional constipation in young Japanese women.     

Dietary Patterns Derived by Cluster Analysis are Associated with Cognitive Function among Korean Older Adults

The objective of this study was to investigate major dietary patterns among older Korean adults through cluster analysis and to determine an association between dietary patterns and cognitive function. This is a cross-sectional study. The data from the Korean Multi-Rural Communities Cohort Study was used. Participants included 765 participants aged 60 years and over. A quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 106 items was used to investigate dietary intake. The Korean version of the MMSE-KC (Mini-Mental Status Examination–Korean version) was used to assess cognitive function. Two major dietary patterns were identified using K-means cluster analysis. The “MFDF” dietary pattern indicated high consumption of Multigrain rice, Fish, Dairy products, Fruits and fruit juices, while the “WNC” dietary pattern referred to higher intakes of White rice, Noodles, and Coffee. Means of the total MMSE-KC and orientation score of the participants in the MFDF dietary pattern were higher than those of the WNC dietary pattern. Compared with the WNC dietary pattern, the MFDF dietary pattern showed a lower risk of cognitive impairment after adjusting for covariates (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44–0.94). The MFDF dietary pattern, with high consumption of multigrain rice, fish, dairy products, and fruits may be related to better cognition among Korean older adults.     

农村1～4岁双亲外出留守婴幼儿饮食模式及与其健康状况的关系

目的分析农村婴幼儿的喂养模式,探讨农村双亲外出留守婴幼儿喂养模式与其健康状况的关系。方法从安徽省2个县、12个行政村,选取双亲外出留守婴幼儿和双亲均未外出婴幼儿各212名,使用自编婴幼儿喂养模式问卷进行喂养模式调查,对问卷项目进行筛选,对问卷信度、效度进行评价;对研究对象进行体格发育测量与评价,外周血血红蛋白、锌元素测量,尿碘检测,婴幼儿神经精神发育检查。结果农村婴幼儿喂养模式可分为传统型、动物蛋白型、营养型、饮料型4种类型。双亲外出留守婴幼儿在营养型、动物蛋白型2个维度的高因子得分所占比例少于对照组(P<0.05)。农村双亲外出留守婴幼儿营养不良检出率(4.7%)、营养性贫血检出率(19.8%)、锌缺乏率(46.2%)、碘缺乏率(21.7%)均高于对照组(0.9%,8.5%,34.4%和12.7%)(P<0.05)。智力低下和边缘智力的检出率(3.8%,20.8%)高于对照组(1.9%,10.4%)(P<0.05)。双亲外出留守婴幼儿传统型饮食模式维度低分组营养不良检出率相对较高,而高分组肥胖检出率相对较高(χ2=18.725,P=0.002);动物蛋白型和营养型2个维度均表现为得分较低组营养性贫血和锌元素缺乏检出率高于得分较高组,得分较低组智力低下和边缘智力的检出率相对较高,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论农村留守婴幼儿喂养模式与非留守儿童存在一定差异。婴幼儿营养状况与传统型饮食摄入频率有关,营养性疾病、智能发育与动物蛋白型和营养型饮食频率摄入有关。     

吉林市9～12岁女生不同乳房发育分期营养摄入量比较

目的了解吉林市9～12岁不同乳房发育分期女生营养摄入状况,为营养干预措施的制定提供依据。方法整群随机抽取吉林市小学9～12岁健康女生357名为研究对象,用Tanner’s分期问卷评价女生性成熟度,使用膳食记录问卷进行3 d膳食调查。结果不同乳房发育分期女生平均每日能量摄入量分别为1 682.51,734.5和1 617.1 kcal(1 kcal=4.184 kJ),差异有统计学意义(F=6.59,P<0.01),达营养素推荐摄入量(RNI)的84.86%,83.84%和75.01%;蛋白质平均每日摄入量分别为62.89,61.41和53.73 g,差异有统计学意义(F=5.33,P<0.01),占总能量的14.32%,13.69%和12.91%。女生营养素平均每日摄入量占参考摄入量的百分比随着性发育而下降。不同乳房发育分期女生营养充足比<0.7的营养素均为钙、锌和维生素A。结论吉林市9～12岁女生营养摄入量随着性发育程度逐渐下降,应采取合理的综合干预措施改善膳食营养状况。