宫颈癌前哨淋巴结定位和检测

目的:使用亚甲蓝作为示踪剂检测宫颈癌前哨淋巴结,观察其安全性和可行性。方法:2006年3月至2007年3月,采用亚甲蓝检测25例ⅠB~ⅡB期宫颈癌前哨淋巴结。根据术后病理判断用前哨淋巴结预测盆腔淋巴结转移的准确性和假阴性率。结果:25例中,19例成功定位出前哨淋巴结36枚,总检出率为76.00%。最多见检出部位为闭孔淋巴结。准确率为100.00%,假阴性率为0。结论:染料法宫颈癌前哨淋巴结定位是安全可行的,检出部位以闭孔窝最多见。     

Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Endometrial Cancer

Study Objective

To demonstrate the feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy using a laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) approach in endometrial cancer (EC).

Laparoscopic Sentinel Node Mapping in Endometrial Cancer After Hysteroscopic Injection of Indocyanine Green

Study Objective

To report the detection rate (DR) of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in endometrial cancer (EC) patients after hysteroscopic injection of indocyanine green (ICG) and laparoscopic near-infrared (L-NIR) fluorescence mapping.

前哨淋巴结活检对早期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移诊断的Meta分析

目的:系统评价前哨淋巴结活组织检查术(SLNB)用于宫颈癌早期盆腔淋巴结转移诊断的临床价值。方法:计算机全面检索Pub Med、Embase、Medline数据库及中国知网、万方、维普数据库,检索2001~2013年国内外关于SLNB确定早期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结的研究,用Meta分析的相关软件Meta Disc1.4进行统计学处理。结果:筛选出文献11篇,患者共581例。最后合并的早期宫颈癌SLNB的敏感度为0.86(95%CI 0.78~0.91),特异度为0.98(95%CI 0.97~0.99)。结论:合并后早期宫颈癌SLNB的敏感度、特异度较高,其对诊断宫颈癌淋巴结转移是可靠的。     

Sentinel Lymph Node Evaluation in Women with Cervical Cancer

Lymph node status is the most important prognosticator of survival in women with early stage cervical cancer. Thus many patients with cervical cancer will undergo pelvic lymphadenectomy as part of the treatment. This procedure is associated with substantial morbidity. Use of the sentinel lymph node technique in women with cervical cancer has the potential to decrease this morbidity. Multiple studies have suggested that sentinel lymph node mapping in these patients is feasible, with excellent detection rates and sensitivity. This review examines the current body of literature about sentinel lymph node biopsy in women with cervical cancer.     

前哨淋巴结检测在妇科恶性肿瘤中应用的循证医学研究进展

妇科恶性肿瘤转移的途径主要有淋巴结转移和直接蔓延。前哨淋巴结是最先接受肿瘤部位的淋巴引流并最早发生肿瘤转移的淋巴结,前哨淋巴结检测不仅对妇科恶性肿瘤的分期和手术方案的制定具有重要的指导意义,还与患者的预后密切相关,现将前哨淋巴结检测在妇科恶性肿瘤中应用的最新进展进行简要综述。     

纳米炭标记前哨淋巴结在早期宫颈癌中的临床应用

淋巴结转移与否是判断早期宫颈癌患者预后的独立危险因素和术后是否需要辅助治疗的依据。早期宫颈癌淋巴结转移率较低,大多数患者因无盆腔淋巴结转移而不能从全盆腔淋巴结清扫术中受益。若通过前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)检测来准确评估早期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移状态,则可以用SLN活检技术替代系统淋巴结清扫术减少手术并发症。虽然目前由于各种原因该项技术未能被临床广泛应用,但纳米炭(carbon nanoparticle,CNP)的出现为其提供了新的契机。CNP具有淋巴系统趋向性和吸附抗癌药物等特点,能在淋巴管、淋巴结高密度且长时间聚集,有利于指导恶性肿瘤的淋巴结清除及淋巴化疗。综述运用CNP混悬液在术前标记早期宫颈癌SLN的可行性,使SLN活检技术替代系统淋巴结清扫术成为可能。     

早期宫颈癌前哨淋巴结及其微转移研究

淋巴结转移是宫颈癌肿瘤细胞转移的最早特征,宫颈癌患者局部淋巴结状况直接影响患者的预后并决定着辅助治疗方案的制定。然而对患者盆腔所有淋巴结进行评估是一件十分繁杂的事情,前哨淋巴结(SLN)能反映整个盆腔淋巴结的转移状况,其研究使大多数早期宫颈癌患者避免不必要的盆腔淋巴结清扫术。目前常用的淋巴结识别方法有染料法、放射性核素示踪法及联合法。淋巴结微转移检测法(如:免疫组化法、连续切片法、鳞状细胞癌抗原检测及淋巴结HPV检测法等)能提高SLN的诊断准确性。     

宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌诊疗中盆腔淋巴结状态的检测及意义

淋巴结转移作为宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌的主要转移途径,是影响其预后的重要因素。在治疗前和治疗过程中如何检测和评估这2种恶性肿瘤的盆腔淋巴结状态仍处于初步探索阶段。目前检测淋巴结状态的方法有超声检查、计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像（MRI）、正电子发射计算机断层显像（PET-CT）和前哨淋巴结活检定位等。不同检查方法的原理不同,其敏感度、特异度和准确度等方面各有优劣。随着影像学技术及显像生物制剂的发展,淋巴结状态检测已由单纯形态学向功能学转变。彩色多普勒超声、弥散加权成像及PET-CT等均在传统影像学技术上进一步提高了敏感度和特异度,其中PET-CT和功能性MRI在检测的敏感度、特异度和准确度等方面尤其具有优势;显像生物制剂通过不断发展,已逐渐细化为针对淋巴结内肿瘤细胞代谢、血管和淋巴回流等三方面的特异性淋巴造影剂。     

预测子宫内膜癌患者腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移方法的研究进展

子宫内膜癌是妇科常见恶性肿瘤之一,发病率逐年上升。淋巴结转移为子宫内膜癌患者的主要转移途径,其中盆腔淋巴结转移较为常见,腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移较为少见。但存在腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的患者预后相对较差。腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移情况可以通过术前、术中相关方法进行预测。预测子宫内膜癌患者是否存在腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移方法的研究近年来发展迅速,但目前尚无预测方法的统一标准。综合分析患者的病理、血清学和影像学检查方法对腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的预测价值,对指导临床决策,避免不必要的腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术,减少不良反应,降低手术费用以及选择合适的术后辅助治疗显得尤为重要。     

外阴癌腹股沟前哨淋巴结切除术的研究进展

外阴癌的主要转移方式是淋巴结转移,存在淋巴结转移的患者5年生存率仅有25％～41％,严重影响患者的预后.传统的方式是外阴局部根治性切除术+腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,但是腹股沟淋巴结清扫由于手术范围大、创伤大,同时也带来了较高术后并发症如淋巴水肿、淋巴囊肿和切口延迟愈合等,尤其长期的下肢淋巴水肿,是最严重的长期并发症,影响患者...     

Laparoscopic Sentinel Node Mapping in Cervical and Endometrial Malignancies: A Case-Control Study Comparing Two Near-Infrared Fluorescence Systems

Study Objective

The goal of this study was to evaluate the intraoperative and perioperative surgical outcomes of 2 different florescence systems commonly used for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in women with early-stage cervical cancer or endometrial cancer.

子宫颈癌根治术中的淋巴显影和前哨淋巴结识别

目的 探索子宫颈癌根治术中淋巴显影和前哨淋巴结识别的方法及其可行性,评价前哨淋巴结预测盆腔淋巴结有无肿瘤转移的准确性。方法 应用染料法对20例宫颈癌患者(临床分期为Ib期3例、Ⅱa期12例、Ⅱb期5例)在根治术中于宫颈肿瘤周围的正常组织中分4点(3、6、9、12点处)注入美蓝或专利蓝溶液4ml,识别和定位蓝染的淋巴结(即前哨淋巴结),然后再按常规行盆腔淋巴清扫术,所有淋巴结一起送病理检查。结果 20例宫颈癌患者中淋巴管有蓝色染料摄取者18例,共有蓝染淋巴结33枚,其中左侧15枚,右侧18枚,前哨淋巴结识别成功14例,识别率为78％(14／18)。共有6例有淋巴结转移,淋巴结转移率为33％(6／18)。成功识别前哨淋巴结的14例中,淋巴结转移5例,其中前哨淋巴结和盆腔淋巴结均转移者2例,仅有前哨淋巴结转移者3例,准确性为100％,假阴性率为0。结论 宫颈癌根治术中淋巴显影和前哨淋巴结识别技术是可行的,但识别率尚有待提高。     

Comparison Study of Laparoscopic Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Endometrial Carcinoma Using Carbon Nanoparticles and Lymphatic Pathway Verification

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the detection rate and accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping using cervical and fundal injections of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) in laparoscopic surgery of endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC) and to identify uterine lymphatic drainage pathways validated by mapping.DesignA prospective consecutive study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).SettingAn academic research center.PatientsConsecutive patients with a pathologic diagnosis of early-stage EC scheduled for primary laparoscopic-assisted staging surgery (laparoscopic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, or comprehensive lymphadenectomy).InterventionsEnrolled patients underwent laparoscopic SLN mapping with a 50-mg CNP tracer injection. Fifty patients received fundal subserosal injections at 4 sites (the fundal group), whereas 65 patients received cervical submucosal injections at 2 sites (the cervical group). After SLN mapping, all patients underwent laparoscopic staging surgery.Measurements and Main ResultsNo allergic reactions to CNPs were observed in either group. The overall SLN detection rates were 100% and 92% in the cervical and fundal groups, and the bilateral SLN detection rates were 97% and 68% (p < .001), respectively. A total of 12 metastatic SLNs were accurately detected in 5 patients. The sensitivity of metastatic lymph node detection was 100% in the cervical group, which is higher than that in the fundal group (80%). The false-negative rates were 0% and 20%, respectively, in the cervical and fundal groups. Furthermore, we verified 3 uterine lymphatic pathways using the 2 injection methods. The upper paracervical pathway was the most common drainage pathway in both groups (91.4% in the cervical group vs 80.24% in the fundal group), whereas the infundibulopelvic pathway was observed only in the fundal group (15.11%).ConclusionSLN mapping by CNPs in laparoscopic surgery for EC is a safe and effective alternative, with a higher detection rate and better accuracy with cervical injections than fundal injections. The upper paracervical pathway was the most common lymphatic pathway, whereas the infundibulopelvic pathway was only displayed in fundal injections.     

前哨淋巴结在妇科恶性肿瘤中的研究及应用

前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）是原发恶性肿瘤淋巴转移的第一站,可以通过SLN中是否检测出肿瘤淋巴结转移,推测整个淋巴引流区域的肿瘤转移情况。目前有关SLN的研究已经应用到乳腺癌、黑色素瘤等恶性肿瘤的临床诊疗中。在妇科肿瘤方面,研究者最先在外阴癌中进行了SLN研究,之后在宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌中也相继开展了有关SLN检测及SLN活检（SLNB）的探索研究,并在临床上得到了一定的应用。本文结合相关文献,对国内外子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、外阴癌和卵巢癌中SLN 的研究现状及目前尚待解决的问题进行简单总结。     

Impact of Sentinel Node Approach in Gynecologic Cancer on Training Needs

Study Objective

We sought to estimate the impact of sentinel nodes in gynecologic oncology on fellowship training and discuss potential solutions.

A Rare Case Report: Isolated Mediastinal Lymph Node Recurrence in High-Risk Endometrial Cancer at 5 Years after Primary Laparoscopic Surgery

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy in some developed countries, with an estimated 102?423 new cases reported in 2015. Isolated mediastinal lymph node recurrence has not been reported previously in this setting. We report a 78-year-old woman with an isolated lymph node recurrence in the mediastinal aortic region detected 5 years after her initial surgical treatment and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Following curative radiotherapy with volumetric-modulated arc therapy at 60?Gy, the recurrence disappeared. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of recurrent endometrial cancer with isolated mediastinal recurrence.     

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Vulvar Cancer: A Health Technology Assessment for the Canadian Health Care Context

ObjectiveInguinofemoral lymphadenectomy for vulvar cancer is associated with a high incidence of groin wound complications and lymphedema. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a morbidity-reducing alternative to lymphadenectomy. The objective of this health technology assessment was to determine the clinical effectiveness, costeffectiveness, and organizational feasibility of SLNB in the Canadian health care system.MethodsA review of the English-language literature published from January 1992 to October 2011 was performed across five databases and six grey-literature sources. Predetermined eligibility criteria were used to select studies, and results in the clinical, economic, and organizational domains were summarized. Included studies were evaluated for methodologic quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsOf 825 reports identified, 88 observational studies met the eligibility criteria. Overall study quality was poor, with a median Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score of 2 out of 9 stars. Across all studies, the detection rate of the sentinel lymph node was 82.2% per groin and the false-negative rate was 6.3%. The groin recurrence rate after negative SLNB was 3.6% compared with 4.3% after negative lymphadenectomy, and complications were reduced after SLNB. No economic evaluations were identified comparing SLNB to lymphadenectomy. Safe implementation of SLNB requires appropriate patient selection, detection technique, and attention to the learning curve.ConclusionAlthough study quality is poor, the available data suggest implementation of SLNB may be safe and feasible in Canadian centres with adequate procedural volumes, assuming that implementation includes careful patient selection, careful technique, and ongoing quality assessment. Cost-effectiveness has yet to be determined.