右侧上颌第一前磨牙三根管1例并文献复习

上颌第一前磨牙以双根管为主,其次为单根管,三根管率较低.文章报道右侧上颌第一前磨牙三根管1例,提示上颌第一前磨牙根管治疗时,作好术前评估,建立合理有效的髓腔通路,根管探查时应更加仔细,以免遗漏根管,结合X线片仔细检查,做到彻底完善的根管治疗.     

左侧上颌第一前磨牙三根1例

根管治疗术的成功取决于对根管解剖和形态的正确认识、根管系统的彻底清理、消毒和充填。遗漏根管是根管治疗术失败的一个重要原因,牙根及根管的数目变异可能导致遗漏根管。上颌第一前磨牙临床上以二根和二根管常见,而三根和三根管罕见。近日在临床遇见左侧上颌第一前磨牙三根和三根管1例,现报道如下：     

双侧上颌第一前磨牙3根和左下颌第一前磨牙3根融合1例

患者,男,24岁,因正畸治疗需要拔除双侧上下颌第一前磨牙。术前曲面体层片示双侧上颌第一前磨牙和左下颌第一前磨牙牙根异常。拔牙术前检查见发现牙冠形态均正常,双侧上颌第一前磨牙阻力均较大,拔除后发现:双侧上颌第一前磨牙均为3根(2个颊根和1个腭根),离体下开髓均为3根管;左下颌第一前磨牙为融合3根,可见明显沟状凹陷;右下颌第一前磨牙为融合双根(图1)。左侧上颌第一前磨牙因颊侧2根舌向弯曲明显,拔除时颊侧2根折断。左侧下颌第一前磨牙离体下开髓,发现其近颊根和腭根融合,远颊根为单一根管。拔牙术后摄左右双侧上颌第二前磨牙根尖片,左侧上颌第二前磨牙疑3根影像。     

离体上颌第一前磨牙根管颊舌向弯曲的研究

目的确定人上颌第一前磨牙的颊舌向根管弯曲程度和情况.方法收集115颗离体的上颌第一前磨牙,拍近远中向的X线片, 用Photoshop5.0软件分析根管,用Weine氏法测量根管的弯曲度,测量的角度大于18°时,则认为根管存在明显的弯曲,根管的构型采用Vertucci分类法.结果 20%的上颌第一前磨牙在颊舌向存在明显的根管弯曲,单根管的牙齿无明显的颊舌向根管弯曲,大多数的颊舌向根管弯曲发生于双根双管的牙齿,37%的双根牙齿有根管弯曲,根管弯曲的发生部位多为牙根的偏根尖部分.结论上颌第一前磨牙的颊舌向根管弯曲发生率为20%,多在根尖1/3出现1个弯曲.     

上颌第二前磨牙单根三根管1例

<正>根管形态和数目的异常会增加牙髓治疗的难度，降低根管治疗的成功率，因此对根管系统的准确判断是根管治疗成功的重要因素。上颌前磨牙根管系统存在较多变异^{[1, 2]}。上颌第二前磨牙的根管主要为单管型、单双管型和双管型，三根管极为少见。本文报告1例上颌第二前磨牙单根三根管的根管治疗病例，以期为临床诊疗提供参考。     

上颌第一前磨牙三根管1例

上颌第一前磨牙多为双根管,3根管少见。笔者在临床上遇到1例颊侧2个根管,腭侧1个根管的上颌第一前磨牙,现报道如下。     

上颌第一前磨牙三个根及三根管两例

上颌前磨牙变异较复杂,可发现三个根及三根管[1-3].本文报道临床工作中接诊的两例上颌第一前磨牙三个根及三根管病例,并对其研究分析. 临床资料 病例1,男,22岁,因正畸治疗需要拔除4颗第一前磨牙,全景片示左上4可见有三个根影像(图1).局麻下拔除左上第一前磨牙,拔除时感觉脱位困难,拔除后可见左上第一前磨牙有颊侧近根中1/2处分为近远中两个根,腭侧一个根,根分叉明显,冠颈缘至根分叉处有沟状凹陷,延伸至冠部方向3～4 mm长根面沟,牙冠颈部近远中径与牙根中部近远中径相当.病例2,男,72岁,因主诉右侧上颌第一前磨牙劈裂就诊.检查右上第一前磨牙,近远中冠裂至龈下,松动2度.局麻下拔除右上4,见颊侧根分近远中两个根,腭侧根较长,颊侧近远中根根尖略弯曲,裂纹至颊腭根分叉处(图2).     

藏族和汉族成人上颌前磨牙锥形束CT图像的对比研究

目的 应用锥形束CT测量并分析藏族和汉族成人上颌前磨牙牙根及根管形态,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法 随机收集藏族和汉族成人上颌前磨牙CBCT图像各150例,年龄范围20 ～ 68岁,藏汉族的各年龄段例数相同,且男女比例均为0.6∶1。测量和比较两个民族上颌前磨牙的牙齿长度、根分叉位置、颊根弯曲度和弯曲位置及根管形态。结果 藏族上颌第一前磨牙牙齿长度为(20.76±2.26)mm、第二前磨牙的牙齿长度为(20.58±2.11)mm,汉族上颌第一前磨牙牙齿长度为(19.65±1.96)mm、第二前磨牙的牙齿长度为(19.25±1.83)mm,藏汉族之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。藏族上颌第一前磨牙颊根的根管弯曲度和弯曲位置与汉族比较差异有统计学意义;而上颌第二前磨牙的根管弯曲度和弯曲位置差异无统计学意义;根管类型方面,藏族与汉族之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 藏族上颌第一、第二前磨牙的牙齿长度均较汉族长,值得临床注意。藏族上颌第一前磨牙颊根的根管较汉族更加弯曲、且弯曲位置更靠近根尖,在行根管治疗时应熟悉根管走形。     

上颌第一前磨牙三根三根管1例

患者,女,16岁,因正畸治疗需要,设计拔除4颗第一前磨牙。在拔上颌第一前磨牙时感觉牙脱位困难,拔除后发现该牙有三个牙根,颊侧2个根,腭侧1个根,其中近颊根与远颊根部分融合,且每个牙根都有独立的根管,属单根单根管型（图1）。     

上颌第一前磨牙变异根1例

患者男,18岁。因正畸需要常规局麻下拔除双侧上颌第一前磨牙,在拔牙过程中,感觉虽然已经松动,但不易取出,后经仔细颊舌向扭动方才取出。结果发现:牙冠外形虽是双尖牙,但根则是上颌磨牙的三根形态,近、远中颊根、腭侧根。其根长分别为:近中颊根12.5mm、远中颊根11.0mm、腭侧根12.5mm、冠长7.5mm,长度与普通第一前磨牙无差异。上颌第一前磨牙一般为扁的单根牙,或者是双根,但三根者实为罕见。文献报道:三根者约占2.4%。特此提醒广大口腔临床工作者在治疗上颌第一前磨牙时,考虑到其变异较多,不仅有50%的双根管,而且可能还会出现三根管的情况,不…     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

鼻测量法的进展

唇裂术后继发畸形是指唇裂修复术后,仍遗留或继发于手术操作和生长发育变化而表现出来的一类畸形[1]。包括唇畸形、鼻畸形和颌骨畸形。其修复较原发性唇裂修复更复杂,更灵活多变。而导致其修复复杂性的一个重要原因即是局部组织结构复杂变异和缺乏可靠的三维测量手段[2],鼻畸形     

口底癌34例临床分析

目的探讨口底癌的临床特性、治疗方法及预后。方法对我院自1992—2002年住院治疗的34例口底癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果34例口底癌患者中,男28例(82.4%),女6例(17.6%),男女比为4.7∶1,平均发病年龄58岁。发病部位:前口底22例(64.7%),后口底12例(35.3%)。淋巴结转移率41.2%。单纯手术组、化疗加手术组、放疗加手术组、化疗加手术加放疗组的5年生存率分别为45.5%、60.0%、50.0%、62.5%。结论口底癌以中老年患者好发,男性居多。易发生淋巴结转移,综合疗法疗效较好。