单尖法根管充填临床对比研究

目的比较单尖法、冷牙胶侧方加压法、Beefill 2 in 1热牙胶充填3种方法的临床效果。方法 180例牙髓病、根尖周病患者随机分为A、B、C 3组,分别采用冷牙胶侧方加压、Beefill2 in 1热牙胶充填、单尖法根管充填。观察患牙根充的时间、术后疼痛情况、恰充率、牙根纵折发生率及根充成功率。结果 C组根充的时间为(62.6±7.2)s,短于其他两组(P<0.01);C组术后疼痛率为1.67%,低于其他两组(P<0.05);C组的恰充率为98.33%,高于其他两组(P<0.05);C组牙根纵折发生率低;C组的根充成功率为96.61%与其它两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论单尖法根管充填疗效高、操作时间短、牙折发生率低、值得临床推广应用。     

E&Qplus根管充填技术与侧压充填技术封闭能力的比较

目的：评价并比较E＆Qplus技术和侧压技术的根尖封闭能力。方法：选取64个新鲜拔除的单直根管下颌前磨牙。4个做为阴性和阳性对照，60个随机分为6组（每组10个），预备至同一标准，分别采用两种充填技术配合三种不同种类的封闭剂（ADSEAL；cortisomol；Apexit）充填。X线牙片评价两种技术根管充填影像质量，通过20g／L亚甲蓝染料渗透试验比较各组的根尖微渗漏。结果：①两种充填技术的根尖微渗漏有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。②E＆Qplus技术充填组3种封闭剂的根尖封闭能力无统计学差异（P〉0。05）。③侧压技术组3种封闭剂的根尖封闭能力有显著的差异，ADSEAL封闭剂最好，Apexit封闭剂居中，cortisomol封闭剂最差。④X线影像质量，E＆Qplus技术优于传统侧压技术（P〈0．05）。结论：E＆Qplus技术的根尖封闭能力优于传统侧压技术，不同种类封闭剂对两种充填技术的根尖封闭能力均有影响，但程度不同。     

热牙胶根管充填技术研究进展

热牙胶根管充填技术是目前研究较多、运用较广的根管充填技术，其种类大致包括：热牙胶加压、机械热压、超声震动热压、热塑牙胶注射、固核载体插入等充填技术。本文对这些技术的原理、改良和优缺点作一综述，为临床选用提供参考。     

iRoot SP单尖充填技术对根管治疗术后疼痛影响的临床研究

目的:研究iRoot SP单尖充填技术对无症状不可复性牙髓炎患者一次性根管治疗术后疼痛影响。方法:选择单颗下颌磨牙诊断为无症状不可复性牙髓炎患者72例,随机分为两组,实验组采用iRoot SP单尖充填技术,对照组采用AH Plus热牙胶垂直加压充填技术。所有患者采用一次法根管治疗,术后调查记录两组患者术后24 h、48 h、72 h以及7 d疼痛发生情况、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)以及根充质量。结果:两组患者的术后疼痛主要发生在48 h以内,两组患者各时间点疼痛发生率、VAS评分以及根管封闭剂挤出情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:iRoot SP单尖充填技术与AH Plus热牙胶垂直加压充填技术相比较,二者对无症状不可复性牙髓炎患者的术后疼痛影响相类似。     

不同根管充填技术对椭圆形根管充填效果的比较

目的:通过比较3种不同方法充填椭圆形根管后的牙胶充填面积百分数来评价各种充填法的效果。方法:选取人离体单根管前磨牙30个,手用ProTaper预备后随机分为3组,分别用冷牙胶侧方加压法、热塑牙胶注射加压法(ObturaⅢ)和连续波充填法(System B+ObturaⅢ)进行充填,然后分别在距根尖2、5、8 mm处横断,各个横断面在手术显微镜下拍照,再用图像分析软件记录横断面的根管面积和牙胶充填面积,从而计算出牙胶充填面积百分数。结果:在2 mm处,3种充填法的牙胶充填面积百分数无显著性差异(P>0.05);在5 mm处,ObturaⅢ组和SystemB+ObturaⅢ组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但都显著大于冷牙胶侧压组(P<0.05),8 mm与5 mm处结果相同。结论:在5,8 mm水平,ObturaⅢ和SystemB+ObturaⅢ充填法的效果好于冷牙胶侧压法,而在2 mm水平,3种充填法的的效果无明显差别。     

热牙胶注射根管充填封闭性的研究

热牙胶注射根管充填封闭性的研究王青熊世江根管充填的封闭性是根管治疗成功的关键之一。近年来国外采用一种新技术，将加热后软化、流动性较好的牙胶用特制注射器注射充填根管。为探讨其根充封闭性，作者将这一方法与国内常用的根充方法进行对比观察，并探讨根管封闭的机...     

两种根管糊剂用于热牙胶根管充填的疗效观察

目的探讨两种根管糊剂在热牙胶根管充填中的临床应用效果。方法 145颗热牙胶根管充填治疗的单根管患牙,随机分为2组,Corstimol组72颗患牙根管充填时用Corstimol糊剂,AH-plus组73颗患牙根管充填时用AH-Plus糊剂,2年后回访观察2组的成功率,并行统计学分析。结果 2年后回访91颗患牙,回访率62.8%。两组根管糊剂充填2年后,Corstimol组回访42颗,成功34颗,成功率81.0%;AH-plus组回访49颗,成功45颗,成功率91.8%,比较临床效果差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.7857,P<0.05)。结论 AH-Plus糊剂用于热牙胶根管充填的疗效优于Corstimol糊剂。     

三种热牙胶根管充填技术牙胶充填面积百分数的比较研究

目的:比较3种热牙胶根管充填术后牙胶密度即牙胶充填而积百分数(percentage of gutta-percha-filled area,PGFA),评价3种热牙胶充填技术的充填效果.方法:采用人完整单根管离体牙40颗随机分成4组,根管预备后分别采用冷牙胶侧向加压法、热牙胶垂直加压法、热塑牙胶注射加压法(Obtura Ⅱ)和超声振动侧向加压法进行根管充填.每个根管分别在距离解剖根尖3、6和9 mm处横断,通过图像分析软件记录根管横断面积和牙胶充填的面积,计箅出牙胶充填面积百分数.结果:热牙胶垂直加压组和Obtura Ⅱ组的PGFA显著高于冷牙胶侧压组和超声侧压组(P＜0.05),热牙胶垂直加压组和Obtura Ⅱ组的PGFA之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05),且与根管充填的深度也无明显相关性(P＞0.05).热牙胶垂直加压组和Obtura Ⅱ组的PGFA在9 him和3 mm处明显大于冷牙胶侧压和超声侧压组(P＜0.05);在6 mm处,3种热牙胶的PGFA无显著性差异(P＞0.05).超声侧压组的PGFA与根管深度明显相关(P＜0.05).结论:热牙胶垂直加压法和Obtura Ⅱ允填后牙胶密度高,在9 mm和3mm处效果优于超声振动侧向加压法.超声振动侧向加压法充填效果受到根管深度影响.     

热牙胶注射根管充填法的研究

本文对100个离体牙作了根管充填研究,结果表明,热牙胶注射法与侧压法充填的效果在X线片上无明显差别,但染液渗漏检查和扫描电镜观察,前者的根尖封闭能力和边缘密合度显著优于后者。本文还对热牙胶注射充填的程度与一些因素的关系作了分析与讨论。     

根管树脂充填材料的研究进展

牙胶是根管充填的核心材料，已在临床上应用一个多世纪。然而牙胶本身不具有粘接性，充填后产生的微渗漏是导致根管治疗失败的主要原因。以树脂为基质的根管核心充填材料和封闭剂在物理化学性能及临床特性等方面优于牙胶充填材料和非树脂类封闭剂，因而有望成为牙胶替代材料（GPR）应用于临床。本文就GPR树脂材料的结构、特性及存在的问题作一综述。     

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根管治疗是牙髓和根尖周疾病的最有效治疗方法,根管的清理和成形、根管系统的消毒、完善的根管充填是保证根管治疗成功的重要因素,没有三维根管预备就不会有三维充填,从根管系统去除感染物质比向根管系统放入充填材料更重要,但临床上仍有约60%的根管治疗失败归于不完善充填.本文仅从三维根管充填角度做一评述.     

In vitro evaluation of apical leakage of root canal fillings after in situ obturation with thermoplasticized and laterally condensed gutta-percha

The purpose of this investigation was to compare In vitro the sealing ability of root canal treatments performed In situ with injected thermoplasticized gutta- percha compared with the lateral condensation technique. Thirty single-rooted teeth with straight canals, due for extraction For orthodontic or periodontal reasons were prepared using a step-back technique. Teeth were then divided randomly into groups A and B and obturated, respectively, with the sectional injection thermoplasticized gutta-percha and the lateral condensation techniques. Teeth were extracted after 15 days, immersed in India ink for 3 days and the leakage was determined using area-metric analysis. The roots were ground transversally and the root portion was incrementaly removed with successive steps of 250 μm each, up to the coronal level of the dye penetration. Every section was photographed with a stereoscopic microscope under the same magnification (×20); 310 photographs were taken. Measurements of the area covered by ink as well as the whole cross-sectional area of the canal were made from each photograph with the aid of a digitizing computer. The measurements were subjected to non-parametric statistical analysis. No significant difference was found (P>0.05). The technique of lateral condensation proved to be better in the first five sections (1.2 mm from the foramen) while thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique was superior in the rest of the root canal.     

Periodontal tissue reactions following root canal obturation with an injection-thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique

Abstract The thermoplasticized gutta-percha obturation technique is a relatively recent development in endodontics. In this study we evaluated the possible effects of heat transmitted to the periodontal tissues when the Obtura root canal filling device was used in dog teeth. Two 8-month-old beagle dogs were used; 56 root canals of 36 teeth (maxillary incisors and first, second and third premolars of both jaws) were divided into two groups. In Group A 26 root canals were obturated with the lateral condensation technique, while in Group B 30 root canals were obturated using the Obtura device, without sealer. Observation periods were 1, 3, 7, 28 and 56 days. After routine laboratory procedures, hematoxylin-eosin stained sections were examined under a light microscope. In this experimental model the thermoplasticized gutta-percha obturation technique caused a periapical inflammatory reaction at all observation periods. Inflammatory reaction and destruction of collagen fibers were localized in the area around the apical delta, while the alveolar founding bone, the roots of the teeth and the periodontal ligament at the side of the root surfaces remained normal.     

Apical placement of needle tip with an injection-thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique for root canal obturation

Abstract It is recommended that when injection-thermoplasticized gutta-percha is used as the obturation technique, the root canal space should be prepared in such a way that the 23-gauge injection needle tip can be placed at a distance 3 to 5 mm short of the working length. In this study the apical seal and extent of gutta-percha were evaluated when the 23-gauge tip was placed at a distance 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm short of the working length. Ninty-nine human single-rooted mandibular incisors and premolars divided into 3 equal groups were used. Their crowns were separated at the cementoenamel junction and their roots were stored in sodium hypochlorite for 1 week. The roots were then instrumented from size 20 at the working length to size 70:4 mm short of the working length in group A, 6 mm in group B, and 8 mm in group C. Following instrumentation, 3 randomly selected roots of each group were used as control. The remaining 30 roots of each group were covered with aluminium foil and embedded in acrylic blocks. The root canals were then dried, coated with sealer (Roth 811) and obturated by injection of thermoplasticized gutta-percha using the single-phase technique. Vertical condensation followed. The roots were immersed in dye for 3 days and then demineralized, dehydrated and cleared in xylene. Measurements of linear dye penetration for the apical seal and for underextension were done by 2 independent examiners under a stereomicroscope. The results of this study showed no statistically significant difference in leakage between the groups. However, statistically significant differences were found in linear underextension between groups A and C as well as between groups B and C, while no significant difference was found between groups A and B.     

Sealing ability of thermoplasticized gutta-percha in root canal obturation using a sectional vs. a single-phase technique

Abstract Properly prepared straight root canals of freshly extracted maxillary canines and central incisors were used to evaluate the sealing ability of the sectional thermoplasticized gutta-percha obturation technique, with or without sealer and the single-phase thermoplasticized gutta-percha filling technique. The teeth were divided into 3 groups (A, B, C) of 20 teeth and were obturated using the 3 thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques. Group A: single phase with sealer; group B: sectional technique without sealer; and group C: sectional technique with sealer. The obturated teeth were immersed in India ink for 3 days followed by clearing procedures. The teeth were then examined under a stereo microscope and the linear leakage was recorded. Statistical unpaired Student's t-tests showed significantly less dye penetration in teeth obturated using the sectional technique with sealer (group C) than in teeth obturated with the single-phase technique with sealer (group A) or the sectional technique without sealer (group B).     

Root canal obturation by ultrasonic condensation of gutta-percha. Part II: an in vitro investigation of the quality of obturation

AIM: To compare the quality of root canal obturation using ultrasonic or cold condensation of gutta-percha and to determine the effect of power setting and activation time on the quality of obturation using the former technique. METHODOLOGY: An extracted human maxillary canine was used in an in vitro split tooth model to allow repeated obturation of the same root canal system using an ultrasonic device to thermocompact gutta-percha without sealer. After each obturation, the root filling was removed from the tooth to allow evaluation of its quality and for the tooth to be re-obturated. The influence of combinations (n = 10 per combination) of power setting (1, 3, 5) and activation times (4, 10, 15 s) was tested on the quality of root filling, assessed by measuring the voids within the body of the root filling as well as at the surface. Image analysis was used to quantify the voids within the body of the root filling. Cold lateral condensation of gutta-percha served as a control. RESULTS: Both surface and cross-sectional analyses revealed that different power setting and activation time combinations produced significantly fewer voids than cold lateral condensation (P < 0.05) at the apical, mid-root and coronal levels. CONCLUSIONS: Taking surface and cross-sectional analysis together only power setting 5 and activation times of 10 and 15 s consistently produced ultrasonically thermocompacted root canal fillings with fewer voids than cold lateral condensation without sealer.     

三种根管充填技术根管系统充盈致密度的实验观察

目的 比较3种根管充填技术对根管系统充盈的致密度,以期为临床提供参考.方法 将57颗去除牙冠、预备好的上、下颌前磨牙按随机数字表法分为3组,每组19颗牙,其中单根管牙10颗,双根管牙9颗.分别采用常温流动牙胶技术又称GuttaFlow技术(GF组)、冷侧压技术(LC组)、热垂直加压技术(VC组)充填根管.使用Leica SP 600切片机自冠方向根尖每间隔1 mm垂直于牙长轴制备牙根横断面切片,每个切片可有冠方和根方两个截面作为研究的观测面,GF组的切片截面数为363个,LC组为361个,VC组为355个.用ZOOM-630连续变倍立体显微镜放大45倍观测切片截面上根充物中的空隙.结果 ①空隙发生率:VC组为21.4%(76/355),显著低于GF组(47.7%,173/363)和LC组(52.6%,190/361),P＜0.0167;GF组与LC组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.0167);②空隙面积百分比:3组有空隙切片截面的空隙面积百分比的中位数GF组为2.67,LC组为1.55,VC组为1.01,经非参数检验GF组显著高于VC组、LC组(P=0.000,P=0.008),而VC组与LC组的差异无统计学意义(P=0.076);③根管峡部的充盈完好率:VC组充盈完好率为86%(85/99),显著高于GF组(55%,43/78)和LC组(58%,49/84),P＜0.0167;GF组和LC组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.0167).结论 VC组根管系统充盈的致密度最高,优于LC组与GF组.     

The sealing ability of an epoxy resin root canal sealer used with five gutta-percha obturation techniques

Abstract – The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of an epoxy resin root canal sealer (AH-26) when used with different gutta-percha obturation techniques (i.e. cold lateral condensation, warm vertical condensation, hybrid condensation) and with Thermafil and Soft-Core obturators. Straight single-rooted teeth with mature apices were prepared according to the crown-down/step-back technique and divided in five groups of 45 teeth and one group of 12 control teeth. After root canal filling 15 teeth of each group were kept for 1 day, another 15 teeth for 1 week, and another 15 teeth for 4 months at 37 °C in vacutainers in 80% relative humidity. The 237 teeth were immersed in india ink for 90 hours, each root was split and sectioned longitudinally, and the maximum extent of leakage was measured using a stereomicroscope at ×6 magnification. It became clear that leakage occurred whatever technique was combined with AH26 and that leakage increased with time. The amount of apical leakage and the number of leaking teeth in the Soft-Core obturator groups was significantly higher than all other 4 gutta-percha obturation techniques combined with AH26. In this respect, the hybrid gutta-percha condensation technique turned out to be superior to the four other condensation techniques.     

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目的对比评价三种根管充填技术的根尖封闭能力。方法收集2011年10月至2012年5月中国医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科门诊因正畸或牙周病拔除的新鲜离体单根管牙34颗,根管清理后用机用ProTaDer镍钛锉经Crown—Down技术预备,然后随机分为A、B、C三组。A组（11颗）采用冷牙胶侧方加压充填技术充填根管,B组（10颗）采用超声侧方加压充填技术充填根管,c组（13颗）采用连续波热牙胶垂直充填技术充填根管。所有实验牙均使用AHPlus根充糊剂。根管充填后的各组实验牙采用染料渗透法检测根尖微渗漏的发生情况,体式显微镜下测量自根尖孔向冠方的染料渗透长度,采用SPSS11．5统计软件包对测量数据进行分析。结果A组与B、c组的根尖微渗漏数值间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,B组与c组的根尖微渗漏数值间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论超声侧方加压充填技术和连续波热牙胶垂直充填技术的根管封闭能力优于冷牙胶侧方加压技术,而前两种充填技术的根管封闭能力无明显差别。