生物型全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良29例回顾性分析

目的：分析生物型全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎的临床治疗效果。方法：自2004年3月至2011年2月对29例32髋先天性髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎患者行生物型全髋关节置换术。其中男l】例,女18例;年龄37-73岁,平均52．6岁;单侧26例,双侧3例。主要症状为髋部疼痛及跛行。根据术前髋关节正位X线片分型,Crowe分型：I型17例18髋,Ⅱ型6例7髋,Ⅲ型3例4髋,Ⅳ型3例3髋。术前除3例双侧髋关节发育不良外,余患者下肢不等长1-6cm。结果：29例术后无感染、关节脱位、坐骨神经牵拉伤等并发症发生,1例股骨近端劈裂者,术中用钢丝捆扎,术后4年随访,骨折愈合,未发生假体松动迹象。所有植骨块及粗隆下截骨获得愈合,所有患者术后获随访,时间8个月-5．3年,平均3．7年。21例髋部疼痛消失、关节功能恢复良好;5例仍有轻度跛行,但较术前明显减轻。3例术后双下肢不等长〉1cm,其余均≤1cm,2例下肢延长4～5cm。Harris评分由术前的43．6±7．1提高至术后的86．7±5．3。结论：在真臼位置加深髋臼重建髋关节,根据Crowe分型不同特点,采用不同的手术方案,利用生物型全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良可获得良好效果。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良

目的探讨成人先天性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia hip,DDH）髋臼假体的选择和手术方法。方法全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良24例26个髋;年龄41～68岁,平均52岁。按照Perner分型,其中Ⅰ度10髋应用普通髋臼假体置换,Ⅱ度9髋选用螺旋臼假体,Ⅲ度5髋及度Ⅳ2髋选用小号髋臼假体,真臼部位安置髋臼假体,均为生物型固定,无结构性植骨。结果随访0．5～3．5年,假体与骨床结合牢固,患髋关节疼痛消失,关节功能基本正常,Harris评分平均86分。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗成人先天性髋关节发育不良的有效方法,针对髋臼病变程度的不同分别采用不同类型髋臼假体置换,配合术中的正确操作能简化手术,减少并发症,提高疗效。     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎的临床研究

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎的手术方法 ,观察术后临床效果.方法 对16例19髋成人髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎进行人工全髋关节置换术,观察术后疼痛、功能活动、跛行症状的改善情况.结果 术后平均随访2年6个月,Harris评分由术前36分改善为88分,优9例,良4例,一般3例.结论 全髋关节置换术是治疗髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎的有效方法 .     

髋关节发育不良的髋臼重建

目的　总结采用全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎和功能障碍的经验。方法　 1998年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,对 96例 112髋 (双侧 16例 )成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者进行了全髋关节置换术。其中 ,半脱位 73髋 ,低位脱位 18髋 ,高位脱位 2 1髋。髋臼侧均采用真臼位置重建 ,其中骨水泥固定 16髋 ,非骨水泥固定 96髋 ,植骨 11髋 ;采用常规置换 83髋 ;磨削加深髋臼后 ,安置小号髋臼假体 2 7髋 ;髋臼外上缘自体股骨头植骨加深髋臼后 ,安置小号髋臼假体 2髋。结果　患者术后伤口均一期愈合 ,未发生感染或血管神经损伤 ,患肢长度平均延长 1 7cm。随访 85例 98髋 ,平均随访 3 5年 ,关节疼痛缓解 ,活动功能满意 ,Harris评分由术前的平均 33 9分恢复到平均 89 3分 ,无假体松动和翻修病例。X线片显示 ,关节假体位置正常 ,人工髋臼的平均外展角4 4° ,宿主骨对臼杯的平均覆盖率为 96 6 % ,金属臼杯与宿主髋臼之间未见透光线 ;11髋髋臼侧植骨病例中 ,植骨块与宿主骨愈合良好 ,未见骨吸收现象。结论　全髋关节置换术是治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者的有效方法 ;术前应充分考虑髋关节发育不良的原发及继发性病理改变 ,尽可能在真臼位置重建髋臼     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗因髋臼发育不良(developmentaldysplasiaofthehip,DDH)致髋关节骨性关节炎的手术方法。方法1986年2月～2004年11月,对24例因DDH致髋关节骨性关节炎患者行全髋关节置换术。其中男4例,女20例。年龄33～59岁,平均47岁。双侧8例,单侧16例。主要症状为疼痛及跛行。根据Hartofilakidis分类方法,半脱位2髋,低位脱位21髋,高位脱位9髋,术前Harris评分分别为56.70±2.75、36.09±4.16及29.45±2.16分。结果术后均获随访6个月～8年,平均3年4个月。半脱位、低位脱位及高位脱位患者术后Harris评分分别为93.10±2.10、92.73±3.20及88.09±3.67分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后6侧下肢轻度跛行,均无疼痛,可以长距离行走。X线片示人工髋关节位置佳,无明显松动及下沉。结论加深髋臼、内移髋关节活动中心及改进植骨方法,是增加人工臼稳定性手术成功的关键。     

生物型假体关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨性关节炎

目的评估采用生物型假体行全髋关节置换术(THR)治疗髋关节发育不良(DDH)继发骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法自2001年1月～2006年3月,采用生物型假体行THR治疗44例(49髋)成人DDH继发骨性关节炎患者,根据Crowe分型:Ⅰ型10例(12髋),Ⅱ型19例(21髋),Ⅲ型11例(12髋),Ⅳ型4例(4髋)。结果随访2~8年(平均4年1个月),Harris评分由术前43.52分恢复到术后90.32分。假体均位于解剖位置,尚未见术后感染及松动发生,术前患者双下肢长度差为1~5cm,术后为0～1cm,41例46髋疼痛完全消失,3例3髋有轻度疼痛伴有轻度跛行,但能够生活自理且恢复正常工作,其余患者均步态正常。术前2例伴有腰部疼痛,均在术后1.5年消失。结论生物型假体行THR治疗成人DDH继发骨性关节炎,能够取得较好的临床效果。     

全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良的疗效分析

目的观察成人CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者行人工全髋关节置换术后的临床疗效。方法对19例24髋成人CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者行人工全髋关节置换术,其中男5例,女14例,年龄39~72岁,平均48.2岁。术前进行详细影像学分析,患肢短缩平均(4.68±0.95)cm,术中通过结构性植骨重建髋臼,均采用生物型假体,以术前、术后Harris评分和放射学检查评价疗效。结果 19例均得到随访,随访时间平均31个月(11个月~6年)。术前Harris评分平均(44.20±19.51)分,术后(88.70±9.34)分(P0.05),下肢延长平均(4.46±0.94)cm。1例患者术后出现坐骨神经损伤,对症治疗6个月后完全恢复,另有一例患者术后6个月出现后脱位,予以牵引固定3周后功能恢复。结论通过对成人CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者行人工全髋关节置换术的中期随访结果的分析,证实该治疗方法的临床效果显著。     

髋臼内陷技术行全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良的疗效

目的探讨髋臼内陷技术行生物型全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗髋关节发育不良(DDH)的疗效。方法采用髋臼内陷技术行THA治疗39例DDH患者(39髋)。记录双下肢长度差异、髋关节中心内移距离、臼杯内突率、髋关节中心高度、臼杯覆盖率、Harris髋关节评分(HHS)、臼杯松动、骨长入等。结果患者均获得随访,时间2～5(3. 4±1. 5)年。末次随访时HHS由术前32～55(43. 3±15. 5)分提高到82～98(91. 2±11. 8)分;双下肢长度差异由术前1～5(3. 1±1. 1) cm下降到术后0～2(0. 6±0. 3) cm。术后髋关节中心高度2～3(2. 4±0. 8) cm,髋关节中心内移1～4(2. 5±0. 9) cm,臼杯内突率21%～64%(42. 3%±12. 5%),臼杯覆盖率81%～100%(96. 7%±5. 2%)。至末次随访,假体均获得骨长入性固定,未发生臼杯松动。结论采用髋臼内陷技术行THA治疗DDH,疗效满意。     

植骨髋臼成形的人工全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不良

目的 :探讨髋关节发育不良成人患者的植骨髋臼成形的人工全髋关节置换方法和疗效。方法 :自 1993年～ 2 0 0 4年 6月 ,对 66例 (81髋 )髋关节发育不良 ,根据影像解剖学的特点 ,将其分为 4型 ,采用自体植骨于髋臼缘 10～ 3点钟位 ,改变髋臼朝向 ,并加深髋臼或植骨下移重建臼顶和后柱后壁等 6项要点 ,正确安置骨水泥型人工全髋假体抑生物型假体。结果 :对 66例 81髋的髋关节发育不良病人术后经平均 5年 2个月随访 ,植入骨均愈合 ,关节功能采用Harris评分 ,优 (>90 ) 42例 5 3髋 ,良 (80～ 89) 17例 2 2髋 ,尚可 (70～ 79) 7例 7髋 ,无失败 (<70 )者 ,优良率为 89 4%。术后有 9例并发症 ,且均已治愈或改善。结论 :成人髋关节发育不良须进一步认识解剖和临床特点 ,自体骨植入重建髋臼顶和后柱后壁 ,使旋转中心下移和内移 ,是使人工全髋关节成功置换和提高疗效的关键     

人工全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良

目的探讨成人髋关节发育不良(DDH)行人工全髋关节置换(THA)的手术方法及早期疗效。方法对21例成人DDH继发骨关节炎患者(22髋)行生物型THA。髋关节脱位按Crowe分型:Ⅰ型15髋,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型共6髋,Ⅳ型1髋。髋臼重建方式中采用真臼加深内移15髋,结构性植骨4髋,旋转中心上移3髋。1髋CroweⅣ型行转子下短缩截骨。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~24个月。无假体周围感染、假体不稳及松动。X线片显示结构性植骨无塌陷,转子下截骨部位愈合良好。髋关节功能Harris评分:术前30~53(38.6±5.6)分,术后76~94(84.2±6.8)分。结论 THA治疗成人DDH早期疗效满意,与普通THA相比,DDH的THA技术要求高,操作较复杂。     

非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗成人发育性髋关节脱位

目的 回顾性分析成人发育性髋关节脱位的非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术方法及疗效.方法 1997年12月-2006年10月,采用非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗61例78髋发育性髋关节脱位.男8例,女53例;年龄17～56岁,平均31.4岁.患髋Trendelenburg征阳性.病理分型采用Hartofilakidis等方法,Ⅰ型15例18髋,Ⅱ型23例31髋,Ⅲ型23例29髋.手术采用后外侧入路,臼杯置于真臼或接近于真臼水平.12例股骨头脱位高于真臼5 cm以上的Ⅲ型患者,采用小转子下短缩截骨复位,截骨长度2～5 cm.结果 60例76髋获随访12～118个月,平均49个月.x线片示行臼侧植骨及股骨截骨患者的植骨及截骨处均于术后3～14个月骨性愈合,平均4个月.无臼或柄假体松动,活动度无明显受限,患髋无疼痛,Trendelenburg征阴性.未行股骨截骨者,双下肢等长或接近等长,术前骨盆代偿性倾斜基本纠正,无明显跛行步态.行股骨短缩截骨者,骨盆倾斜较术前减轻,患肢长度较术前延长2.0～4.5 cm.Harrs评分由术前(40.28 ±9.84)分提高至(90.92±2.80)分(P<0.01).1例术后发生股神经牵拉性麻痹,股四头肌瘫,对症处理后4个月恢复.结论 成人发育性髋关节脱位尤其是高位脱位,采用非骨水泥型全髋关节置换手术难度较大,但仍是一种较为理想的治疗方法,能明显改善患者生活质量.     

三维表面遮盖法结合多平面重建在成人髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术前髋臼评估中的应用

目的 探讨成人髋关节发育不良行全髋关节置换术前应用螺旋CT三维表面遮盖法(surface shadeddisplay,SSD)结合多平面重建(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR),评估髋臼形态的方法及临床应用价值.方法 2003年10月-2006年11月,对17例19髋拟行全髋关节置换术的成人髋关节发育不良伴骨性关节炎的患者进行螺旋CT扫描.男3例,女14例;年龄35～61岁.双侧2例,单侧15例.Crowe Ⅰ型4髋,Ⅱ型9髋,Ⅲ型6髋.对扫描获取的原始髋关节图像应用SSD结合MPR技术,观察髋臼的空间位置和髋臼壁骨贮备情况.结果 患髋脱位程度按照Crowe等的方法测量为25%～89%,Sharp角均>45°.患侧髋臼均存在不同程度骨缺损,5髋位于髋臼前上方,11髋位于髋臼外上方,3髋位于髋臼后上方.MPR冠状面和轴面成像示髋臼内侧壁最薄处的厚度为2.0～10.9 mm.15例单侧脱位患者患侧与健侧髋臼比较,髋臼开口相差2.7～19.1 mm,深度相差2.3～13.1 mm.结论 螺旋CT的SSD结合MPR技术是评估髋臼形态学的有效手段,对成人髋关节发育不良行全髋关节置换术中的髋臼重建具有重要指导意义.     

髋关节发育不良人工全髋关节置换术中髋臼中心重建

目的探讨髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of hip,DDH)的人工全髋关节置换(total hiparthroplasty,THA)术中髋臼中心重建方法及疗效。方法 2004年1月-2010年1月,对29例(32髋)DDH患者行THA。男6例(6髋),女23例(26髋);年龄45～67岁,平均50.6岁。左侧22髋,右侧10髋。DDH按照Crowe分型标准:Ⅰ型12髋,Ⅱ型20髋。患者双下肢不等长,相差1.9～4.4 cm。髋关节Harris评分为(50.7±8.6)分。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合;1例1髋发生髋关节后脱位。29例均获随访,随访时间2年～4年6个月,平均2.3年。术后下肢延长0.5～5.8 cm,平均2.5 cm。术后1年髋关节Harris评分为(87.7±5.9)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=21.77,P=0.00)。X线片检查示,术后1例1髋髋臼杯假体松动,1例1髋髋臼杯假体外移且外展角过大;其余患者随访期间无髋臼杯及股骨假体松动和下沉。术后1年髋臼中心水平位置、髋臼中心与泪滴连线垂直距离、髋臼垂直外展角、股骨偏心距均较术前显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对DDH行THA时重建髋臼中心能有效延长患者肢体,提高关节功能,降低关节置换失败率。     

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients with Crowe Type III or IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Two-Stage Total Hip Arthroplasty Following Skeletal Traction after Soft Tissue Release for Irreducible Hips

Background

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for severe developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a technically demanding procedure for arthroplasty surgeons, and it is often difficult to reduce the hip joint without soft tissue release due to severe flexion contracture. We performed two-stage THAs in irreducible hips with expected lengthening of the affected limb after THA of over 2.5 cm or with flexion contractures of greater than 30 degrees in order to place the acetabular cup in the true acetabulum and to prevent neurologic deficits associated with acute elongation of the limb. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of cementless THA in patients with severe DDH with a special focus on the results of two-stage THA.

Methods

Retrospective clinical and radiological evaluations were done on 17 patients with Crowe type III or IV developmental DDH treated by THA. There were 14 women and 3 men with a mean age of 52.3 years. Follow-ups averaged 52 months. Six cases were treated with two-stage THA followed by surgical hip liberalization and skeletal traction for 2 weeks.

Results

The mean Harris hip score improved from 40.9 to 89.1, and mean leg length discrepancy (LLD) in 13 unilateral cases was reduced from 2.95 to 0.8 cm. In the patients who underwent two-stage surgery, no nerve palsy was observed, and the single one-stage patient with incomplete peroneal nerve palsy recovered fully 4 weeks postoperatively.

Conclusions

The short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary cementless THA for patients with Crowe type III or IV DDH were encouraging. Two-stage THA followed by skeletal traction after soft tissue release could provide alternative solutions to the minimization of limb shortenings or LLD without neurologic deficits in highly selected patients.     

植骨重建在节段型髋臼缺损的全髋关节置换中的应用

目的　评价髋臼植骨重建在节段型髋臼缺损的全髋关节置换术 (total hip arthroplasty,THA)中的应用和效果。　方法　回顾分析 1991年～ 2 0 0 0年 ,采用自体骨移植重建髋臼治疗髋臼节段型缺损的 THA 39例 ,男 2 5例 ,女 14例。年龄 34～ 6 2岁 ,平均 4 5 .2岁。缺损为髋臼发育不良 2 1例 ,股骨颈骨折股骨头坏死、髋脱位 14例 ,髋臼骨折骨关节炎 4例。将切除股骨头或髂骨按缺损情况制成楔形置入缺损处 ,采用骨水泥 (12例 )或非骨水泥 (2 7例 )假体。术前Harris评分 18～ 5 0分 ,平均 38.1分。　结果　 2 4髋获随访 2～ 10年 (平均 6 .7年 )。术后肢体长度平均增加 2 .4 cm。植骨愈合良好 ,随访中未见假体松动。术后 1年和最后随访时平均 Harris评分分别为 92 .1和 86 .3分 ,与术前 Harris评分比较有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 5 )。术后 1年和最后随访时优良率分别为 91.7%和 83.3%。　结论　采用自体骨重建存在节段型缺损的髋臼 ,对术后髋关节功能的稳定性具有重要意义。     

解剖型非骨水泥全髋人工关节置换术近中期疗效研究

目的探讨解剖型非骨水泥全髋人工关节置换术治疗髋关节疾病的近中期临床疗效。方法2001年1月~2005年6月,采用Ribbed解剖型非骨水泥全髋人工关节置换术治疗髋关节疾病34例(38髋)。年龄29~55岁,平均42.7岁。病程3~18年,平均5.2年。其中股骨颈骨折7例7髋,髋臼骨折后创伤性关节炎5例5髋,股骨头坏死15例16髋,强直性脊柱炎7例10髋。术后获随访的21例患者术前Harris评分25~57分,平均38.6分。结果21例(23髋)获随访8~61个月,平均35个月。术后Harris评分76~98分,平均92.3分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后髋关节功能优良率达93.5%。其中4例出现轻微大腿疼痛,经休息或服用非甾体类止痛药物后缓解。随访时X线片未见假体松动和下沉,呈骨长入性稳定。结论应用Ribbed解剖型非骨水泥全髋人工关节置换术治疗髋关节疾病,近中期效果满意。     

Total hip arthroplasty with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, we implanted 23 cementless cups and femoral head autografts in 20 patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. In this study, a retrospective study was made on 21 hips in 20 patients (18 females and 2 males, aged 50 years on an average) with developmental hip dysplasia treated by THA with a cementless cup and femoral head autograft. The acetabular cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum and all the patients required autogenous femoral head grafts due to acetabular deficiency. The average rate of the acetabular cup covered by the femoral head autograft was 31% ( ranging from 10 % to 45 % ). Eight hips had less than 25 % cup coverage and thirteen between 25% and 50%. The average follow-up period was 4.7 years (range, 1-8 years). The replacing outcome was evaluated by modified Harri ship score. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were made. Results: All the autografts were united to the host bones. No autograft was collapsed or no component from the hip was loosed in all the patients. According to the modified Harris hip score, the average hip score increased from 46 before operation to 89 at the final review. Before operation, the leg-length discrepancy was greater than 2 cm in all the patients except one with bilateral hip dysplasia. After operation, only 2 out of 20 patients had a leg-length discrepancy greater than 1 cm. Three hips showed minor bone resorption in the lateral portion of the graft, which did not support the cup. Three hips developed Grade 1 Brooker heterotopic ossification and one developed Grade 2. Conclusions: THA with a cementless cup and a femoral head autograft for patients with osteoarthritis resulted from hip dysplasia can result in favorable outcomes. This method can provide reliable acetabnlar fixation and restore the aeetabular bone stock in patients with developmental hip dysplasia when the cementless cup covered by the graft does not exceed 50 %.     

Survival Analysis of Total Hip Arthroplasty for High Hip Dislocation Secondary to Developmental Dysplasia or Septic Arthritis of the Hip

BackgroundThis retrospective study was conducted to know clinical and radiographic outcomes, complication rate, and survival of THA in patients with high hip dislocation secondary to developmental dysplasia(DDH) or septic arthritis of the hip(SSH).MethodsBetween March 2005 and September 2014, there were consecutive series of 53 THAs in patients with a highly dislocated hip secondary to DDH or SSH. Of these, 48 hips (DDH 24 and SSH 24) were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 7.9 years(range, 5.0-14.3 years). The mean age at the time of THA was 39.1 years(range, 18.0-59.0 years).ResultsIntraoperative blood loss, total drainage and blood transfusion amounts, and mean time to greater trochanter union were significantly lower in the DDH group than in the SSH group (P = .001, P = .039 and P = .014, and P = .015, respectively). No significant difference in Kaplan–Meier survivorship was observed between groups (log-rank, P = .343). The survival rates with an endpoint of cup aseptic loosening in cases with a cemented cup at 7.9 and 10 years (68.1% and 60.5%, respectively) were significantly lower than those in cementless cup cases (100%) at the same checkpoints (P = .019)..ConclusionWe found similar clinical outcomes between the DDH and SSH groups. However, due to poor bone quality and a lack of containment, cementless acetabular cups could not be performed in more than 50% of patients. Our experience shows that revision cementless fixation cup was possible due to reconstitution of the acetabulum in cases with failed cemented fixation.