儿童先天性下睑内翻的治疗

目的 探讨儿童先天性下睑内翻的不同发病机制及对症治疗的效果.方法 102例（204眼）儿童先天性下睑内翻,年龄1岁5个月～15岁.对不同的临床表现采用不同的手术方法矫正.结果 对于下睑内翻轻度,眼球上下转动睫毛的位置不改变者,行单纯下睑穹隆皮肤3对缝线法6例（12眼）;下睑内翻轻度,向前方注视睫毛不接触眼球,眼球向下转动时睫毛接触眼球者,采用下直肌鞘离断术7例（14眼）;睑内翻中度或重度,眼球向下转动时加重者,采用下直肌鞘纤维离断联合缝线法45例（90眼）;下睑内翻中度或重度,眼球上下运动睫毛位置无改变者,采用下睑皮肤和下眼轮匝部分切除的切开法（Hotz法）42例（84眼）.单纯内眦赘皮矫正术2例（4眼）.术后随诊3个月～1年,97.05％的患眼下睑内翻得到完全矫正,2.95％的患眼内眦部有倒睫.结论 儿童先天性下睑内翻根据其临床不同的表现,采取个性化的治疗,方能达到最佳的效果.     

外眦成形及下睑外翻缝线联合术治疗退行性下睑内翻的效果

 目的 探讨联合外眦成形、下睑外翻缝线以及睑板前轮匝肌切除术治疗退行性下睑内翻的疗效。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 北京同仁眼科中心19例（23眼）退行性下睑内翻患者。方法 手术包括外眦成形矫正水平眼睑松弛,睑板前轮匝肌切除解除眼轮匝肌骑跨,下穹窿皮肤缝线折短下睑缩肌。观察术前术后患者眼睑形态、位置,有无溢泪等。随访8~12个月。主要指标 眼睑形态、位置,有无溢泪。结果 到最后随访时,所有患者下睑对称无畸形;1例患者（1眼）在睁眼时下眼睑与眼表贴附不紧密,但无明显内外翻及溢泪发生。随访期间无复发或过矫现象发生。结论 针对多种致病因素的联合外眦成形、睑板前轮匝肌切除以及下穹窿皮肤缝线术治疗退行性下睑内翻简单有效。     

睑板下睑缩肌缝线加固术联合下睑皮肤定量切除术矫正老年性睑内翻

目的：评价睑板下睑缩肌缝线加固术联合下睑皮脸定量切除术矫正老年性睑内翻的效果,方法：对老年性睑内翻63例（68眼）施行睑板下睑缩肌缝线加固术联合下睑皮肤定量切除术,并观察术后的疗效,结果：本组病例术后睑内翻全部矫正,随访18－24个月仅1眼复发,治愈率为98．5％,睑板下睑缩肌缝线加固术联合下睑皮定量切除术矫正老年性睑内翻效果好,复发率低。     

先天性睑内翻的手术治疗

目的 探讨先天性睑内翻发病原因并据此改良手术方法。方法 先天性睑内翻59例（114眼），行皮肤轮匝肌切除及下睑缩肌离断术，其中伴有倒向型内眦赘皮较重联合行L型皮肤切除术者19例（38眼）。术前检查59例向下注视时下睑鼻侧1／3～1／2部分下移、内收，内翻、倒睫加重，说明下睑缩肌张力强。结果 59例（114眼）睑内翻矫正良好，眼球正位及下转位睫毛均不接触角膜，下睑不下移，治愈率100．00％。结论 本术式去除先天性睑内翻根源，更利于下睑生理功能恢复，可作为先天性睑内翻常规手术方法。     

矫正老年性睑内翻手术的改良

目的 观察矫正老年性睑内翻手术改良后的疗效。方法 选择老年性睑内翻39例（43眼），术前预先设计皮肤切除量，在局麻下，采用切除部分松弛皮肤和睑板前肌联合缝线法手术，术毕时观察眼睑位置，酌情行灰线切开术。结果 术后次日眼睑位置正常，术后随访6-12个月眼睑位置仍保持正常。结论 矫正老年性睑内翻手术的改良，不但可以恢复眼睑的正常生理功能，而且可以改善面部容貌，此方法可行。     

伴有内眦赘皮的先天性上下睑内翻的手术效果

目的评价伴有内眦赘皮的先天性上、下睑内翻的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性病例系列研究。纳入郑州市第二人民医院2018年1月至2022年3月伴有内眦赘皮的先天性上、下睑内翻和倒睫行手术23例(46眼)。手术方法:内眦部设计Y-V切口, 沿着睑缘向颞侧延伸至上、下睑, 内缝线法将上、下睑近睑缘切口下方眼轮匝肌固定于睑板缘处的上睑提肌和下睑缩肌上, 切除多余的皮肤及肥厚的眼轮匝肌, 间断对位缝合皮肤。随访6～12个月, 观察手术治疗效果。使用温哥华瘢痕量表进行皮肤瘢痕评分。结果术后随访治愈34眼, 占73.91%(34/46);好转8眼, 占17.39%(8/46);未愈(或复发)4眼, 占8.69%(4/46)。有效率为91.30%(42/46)。皮肤瘢痕评分分值≤3分, 不影响美观。结论改良Y-V形内眦皮肤重置术联合延长切口矫正睑内翻术疗效好, 复发率低, 瘢痕不明显。     

先天性下睑内翻的矫正手术方法探讨--眼睑皮肤-轮匝肌-睑板间钝分离术

目的评价眼睑皮肤-轮匝肌-睑板间钝分离术治疗先天性下睑内翻的效果。方法应用眼睑皮肤-轮匝肌-睑板间钝分离术治疗先天性下睑内翻11例(20眼),年龄3~16岁,平均4.5岁,术后随诊观察3~18月。结果11例(20眼)术后治愈8例(15眼),好转2例(3眼),失败1例(2眼),总有效率达90.00%。结论应用眼睑皮肤-轮匝肌-睑板间钝分离术治疗先天性睑内翻,手术方法简单,痛苦少,效果可靠。     

睑板切开缝线联合眼轮匝肌及皮肤切除治疗下睑内翻

老年性睑内翻多发生在下睑 ,是由眼睑组织老年性退行性变化引起 ,是常见的外眼病。 1995年至今我们采用睑板切开缝线联合睑缘轮匝肌及皮肤切除治疗复发性、严重下睑内翻患者 35例 (5 0只眼 ) ,随访观察 2 8例 (4 0只眼 ) 6个月～ 3年 ,疗效满意。一、资料和方法住院病人 3例 (5只眼 ) ,门诊病人 32例 (4 5只眼 ) ,年龄最大 76岁 ,最小 5 5岁 ,平均年龄 6 5 .5岁 ,双眼 2 6例 ,单眼 9例 ,共 35例 (5 0只眼 )。常规消毒铺无菌巾 ,2 %利多卡因加少许肾上腺素 ,做眼睑及穹窿部浸润麻醉 ,4号丝线穿 4根三角 12 7× 17号皮针 ,分别从穹窿部进针。…     

两种不同手术方式治疗先天性睑内翻的疗效观察

目的探讨两种不同手术方式治疗先天性下睑内翻的临床效果。方法选择4～9岁的儿童26例（50只眼），其中3例（6只眼）为缝线法术后复发再次手术，大部分配合的儿童在局麻下手术，个别不配合的儿童全麻手术。4例（8只眼）行缝线法矫正，22例（42只眼）采用下睑皮肤轮匝肌切除法矫正。结果手术后下睑内翻矫正，配合局部药物治疗角膜上皮损伤24～72 h愈合，术后随访6～12个月，其中缝线法4只眼好转，4只眼复发需再次手术；42只眼皮肤轮匝肌切除法，38只眼治愈，4只眼好转，未见复发。结论应根据病情选择不同手术方式矫正下睑内翻，缝线法可用于轻度睑内翻者，下睑皮肤轮匝肌切除术适用绝大多数下睑内翻，且术后无复发；值得在临床上推广应用。     

下睑缩肌移位联合外眦韧带缩短术矫正退行性下睑内翻

目的：观察和对比下睑缩肌移位联合外眦韧带缩短术及单纯眼轮匝肌切除术治疗老年退行性睑内翻的方法及疗效。
　　方法：收集我院因退行性睑内翻住院的患者,观察组共40例70眼,双眼发病30例,采用下睑缩肌移位联合外眦韧带缩短术治疗退行性下睑内翻;对照组共20例26眼,其中双眼发病6例,采用眼轮匝肌切除术治疗退行性下睑内翻,观察两组患者术后1 wk的矫正率、双眼睑对称性、过矫率;并随访6mo,观察远期复发率、双眼睑对称性、过矫率。
　　结果：术后1 wk拆线时观察,观察组矫正率98.6%,欠矫率1.4%,眼睑对称性100%,仅有1眼轻度过矫;对照组矫正率92.3%;眼睑对称性100%,欠矫率7.7%。术后6mo观察组矫正率95.2%;欠矫率3.2%,过矫率1.6%。对照组矫正率87%,2眼复发,1眼欠佳。双眼睑对称性、过矫率方面差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05),在矫正率方面两者有明显差异(P<0.05)。
　　结论：下睑缩肌移位联合外眦韧带缩短术与眼轮匝肌切除术治疗退行性下睑内翻相比,下睑缩肌移位联合外眦韧带缩短术长期疗效术后复发率明显降低。     

义眼座植入同期利用羊膜移植结膜囊重建术的临床观察

目的 探讨结膜囊狭窄患者义眼座植入同期利用羊膜移植重建结膜囊的临床效果。方法 对23例结膜囊狭窄患者行义眼座植入同时行结膜囊重建术。术中下穹隆采用埋线法固定在眶下壁骨膜,保存羊膜移植于结膜缺损区,上下睑缘褥式缝合。每周打开眼睑并用荧光素试纸染色,观察结膜上皮生长情况。术后2个月拆除上下眼睑缝线,定制合适的义眼。结果 术后第4周20只术眼羊膜表面全部被结膜上皮覆盖,其余3只术眼发生羊膜融解,结膜上皮未愈。术后2个月4只Ⅰ度结膜囊狭窄患眼全部治愈;10只Ⅱ度结膜囊狭窄患眼中8只治愈,2只好转;9只Ⅲ度结膜囊狭窄患眼中3只术眼痊愈、3只术眼好转,余3只术眼无效,其中1只术眼半年后重新行结膜囊成形术。完成治疗的21例患者无义眼座暴露、感染及睑球粘连等并发症,对术后眼座的活动度和外观比较满意。结论 对于Ⅰ和Ⅱ度的结膜囊狭窄采用保存羊膜移植同期行眼座植入术是安全可行的。对于Ⅲ度结膜囊狭窄采用保存羊膜移植疗效欠佳。（     

Inadequate inferior cul-de-sac in the anophthalmic socket.

A retrospective review of preoperative findings and postoperative results of conjunctival cul-de-sac fixation surgery performed on 12 patients with acquired anophthalmos and an inadequate inferior conjunctival cul-de-sac was performed. Patients with inadequate conjunctiva or other subconjunctival cicatricial shortening of the inferior cul-de-sac were not suitable candidates for conjunctival cul-de-sac fixation surgery and therefore were excluded from this retrospective study. Only those patients with adequate conjunctiva and loss of inferior cul-de-sac fixation to the lower eyelid retractor complex were selected. Clinical evaluation and theoretical anatomical analysis of this group preoperatively suggested that the absent inferior conjunctival cul-de-sac fixation could allow the intraconal orbital fat to migrate anteriorly, compromising the inferior fornix and prolapsing the conjunctiva of the cul-de-sac superiorly. Surgical correction required direct fixation of the conjunctival cul-de-sac to the periosteum immediately posterior to the inferior orbital rim. No externalized sutures or stents were needed to recreate the inferior conjunctival cul-de-sac. All 12 patients had improved ability to retain a prosthetic eye postoperatively. However, two patients had minimal postoperative lower eyelid retraction and an additional two patients had minimal lower eyelid entropion after surgery. Secondary surgery was not required in any patient.     

带蒂结膜瓣移植联合MMC治疗翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症

目的：探讨带蒂结膜瓣移植联合丝裂霉素治疗翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症的疗效。 方法：对翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症患者122例156眼进行翼状胬肉切除,下方带蒂结膜瓣移植联合术中使用0.2g/L丝裂霉素C。 结果：患者122例156眼术后2mo眼部症状有不同程度改善。泪河恢复正常者136眼（87.18％）;泪膜破裂时间（BUT）≥10s者117眼（75.00％）;裂隙灯显微镜检查眼球与下睑缘、内外眦部之间无松弛结膜皱褶者147眼（94.23%）;下睑缘位置正常者142眼（91.03%）。手术后观察6mo~4a,胬肉复发5眼（3.21%）,结膜松弛复发15眼（9.62%）。 结论：翼状胬肉切除术中,下方带蒂结膜瓣移植联合术中使用丝裂霉素C治疗翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症,手术简单易行,取材容易,安全可靠,损伤小,并发症少,复发率低,适合临床开展。     

先天性下睑退缩合并睑内翻的手术治疗

目的探讨先天性下睑退缩合并睑内翻的治疗方法。方法距下睑缘1．5mm做皮肤切口,分离下睑缩肌,取与睑板相应长度的巩膜条,高度为下睑退缩量＋2mm,分别缝合于睑板下缘与下睑缩肌之间,缝合皮肤。术后1周、1个月及6个月观察下睑缘位置。结果17例（21只眼）随访2—20个月,平均（6．1±4．5）个月。18只眼治愈,另3眼于术后6个月残存下睑退缩约1mm,此3眼均为术前下睑退缩5mm者,半年后再次手术后治愈。结论下睑缩肌切断联合异体巩膜条植入对于治疗轻中度先天性下睑退缩合并内翻倒睫是较好的方法。     

Conjunctival Granulomas Caused by Synthetic Fibers: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

PURPOSE: We sought to demonstrate the histopathologic and ultrastructural features of conjunctival foreign body granulomas because of synthetic fibers and to compare them to other cases published in the literature. METHODS: A 2- and a 7-year-old girl were referred for the surgical removal of slow-growing unilateral inferior conjunctival masses with a lack of primary trauma or surgery. In this report, we describe the light and electron microscopic findings of the 2 cases and review the literature of similar cases using the Medline database. RESULTS: Histopathologic and ultrastructural examination of both specimens revealed a granulomatous inflammatory cell response, including histiocytes and multinucleated foreign body giant cells around acellular, uniform sized, oval to round birefringent fibers with manufacturing artifacts. Thirteen other patients with conjunctival synthetic fiber granulomas were identified from the literature. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the findings in our cases and the review of literature, it appears that conjunctival synthetic fiber granulomas are not a rare entity but are not recognized frequently by ophthalmologists. The most reliable clinical sign to suggest this diagnosis is the presence of a unilateral inferior conjunctival mass in a child or adolescent. Histopathologic and ultrastructural evaluation appears to be the only way to specifically diagnose this condition with certainty.     

Ⅱ期眼窝凹陷及结膜囊狭窄的联合整复手术

目的 探讨眼球摘除或眼内容物剜出术后眼窝内陷伴结膜囊狭窄的同期整复手术方法及临床疗效。方法 对2007年8月至2010年5月收治35例患者施行Ⅱ期义眼座植入联合结膜囊成形术,其中7例结膜囊轻度缺损采用下、上穹窿结膜划开;23例结膜囊中度缺损采用异体巩膜;5例结膜囊重度缺损采用自体唇粘膜移植。所有病例结膜囊内眼模支撑,轻、中度组行睑缘临时缝合,术后1月拆线,自体唇黏膜移植组行部分睑缘粘连术,术后3个月分开眼睑,试装义眼。观察术后眼窝内陷矫正、结膜囊成形情况。随访3～6月。结果 术后所有患者眼窝内陷明显改善,结膜囊成形良好,穹窿深浅可,均可配戴适合的义眼,活动度可。结论 Ⅱ期义眼座植入联合结膜囊成形术是治疗眼球摘除或眼内容物剜出术后眼窝内陷伴结膜囊狭窄的理想手术。     

Hughes technique, amniotic membrane allograft, and topical chemotherapy in conjunctival melanoma with eyelid involvement

A 59-year-old woman presented with a pigmented mass in the inferior tarsal conjunctiva of the left eye with an associated diffuse, multifocal pigmentation involving largely the inferior half of the bulbar conjunctiva, fornix, and eyelid skin. Histopathologic examination of map biopsies disclosed conjunctival melanoma from primary acquired melanosis. Surgical excision of the inferior bulbar conjunctiva, fornix, and lower eyelid with histopathologic free margins was performed. Adjuvant cryotherapy was applied. The bulbar conjunctiva and lower fornix were reconstructed with an amniotic membrane allograft. Lower eyelid reconstruction was accomplished by use of the Hughes technique. Topical mitomycin C (0.04%) was applied after surgery. After 2 years of follow-up, no tumor recurrence has been detected and the eyelid and conjunctival defect have been satisfactorily corrected. This combined surgical procedure using amniotic membrane allograft and a composite tarsoconjunctival flap is shown to be useful in the treatment of an advanced conjunctival neoplasia with extensive eyelid involvement.     

Inferior conjunctival autograft for primary pterygia

OBJECTIVE: Superior conjunctival graft is commonly used in pterygium surgery, which may adversely affect the outcome of future filtration surgery. We retrospectively studied the success rate of inferior conjunctival autografting for primary pterygia in our unit. DESIGN: A noncomparative, retrospective, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty eyes of 27 patients treated between August 1996 and February 2001 with primary pterygia. INTERVENTION: Excision of pterygium followed by conjunctival autograft harvested from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva. Surgeries were performed by an experienced surgeon (CL) in 23 patients and by trainees in the remaining four cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrence of the pterygium and complications. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 27 months (range, 8-53). Recurrence occurred in one eye (3.3%). This was a white female in her early fifties, with recurrence detected 3 months after the surgery. Conjunctival scarring at the donor site was observed in 11 eyes (36.66%). There was no symblepharon formation. There was no restriction of up gaze. Hemorrhage under the conjunctival graft developed in three eyes, corneal dellen near the limbus developed in four eyes, and epithelial inclusion cysts at the recipient site developed in two eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Inferior conjunctival autografting is an effective technique with a low recurrence rate. This is a useful technique in cases in which it is not possible or desirable to use the superior conjunctiva as a donor source.     

Inferior retractor plication surgery for lower lid entropion with trichiasis in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.

AIMS--To assess the outcome of inferior retractor plication surgery for lower lid entropion in patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP). This technique avoids surgery on the conjunctiva that can result in exacerbations of disease activity. METHODS--This prospective study assessed the outcomes of a standard 'Jones' type plication in 14 lids of 10 patients with OCP. Seven patients were taking systemic immunosuppression and no patients had conjunctival inflammation for the 4 months before surgery. RESULTS--Life table analysis showed a 77% chance of anatomical success at 2 years and a 54% chance of completely preventing lash-globe touch. The surgery did not cause clinical activation of conjunctival inflammation or other complications. Anatomical failure was primary (n = 2) and due to late cicatrisation (n = 1). Three further cases had restoration of normal anatomy but the patients had persistently misdirected lashes that touched the globe. CONCLUSION--This technique gives good anatomical success over long periods and is particularly safe when there is no conjunctival inflammation present before surgery.     

泪液缺乏性干眼治疗转归的定量检测

目的：应用角膜共焦显微镜、结膜印迹细胞学在泪液缺乏性干眼治疗前后定量测定病变角膜上皮细胞、结膜细胞,以期进一步准确评价干眼的治疗效果及预后。 方法：选择临床确诊为泪液缺乏性干眼症患者21例41眼,根据患者病史、症状、角结膜体征及相关检查确诊为泪液缺乏性干眼。应用聚乙二醇滴眼液及卡波姆凝胶联合治疗所有干眼患者,治疗前后依据结膜印迹细胞检查对干眼患者结膜细胞的鳞状化生及杯状细胞数量的多少进行分级,并对治疗前后印迹细胞分级进行统计学比较。应用海德堡激光共聚焦显微镜观察干眼治疗前后角膜上皮下神经纤维的形态学改变,定量评价同级结膜细胞干燥程度下治疗前后角膜上皮细胞密度的变化。 结果：印迹细胞检查:治疗前≤Ⅱ级6眼,Ⅲ级25眼,≥Ⅳ级10眼;治疗6mo后≤Ⅱ级19眼(46.3%),Ⅲ级17眼(41.5%),≥Ⅳ级5眼（12.2%）。治疗前后不同级别印迹细胞患者比例显著改变(P＜0.05）。共焦显微镜下细胞形态学改变：治疗前明显的角膜上皮细胞坏死脱落区,细胞密度下降,角膜上皮下神经纤维出现分支杂乱、异常走行,未见上皮下神经纤维5眼。治疗6mo后区域性细胞密度增加,所有患者均可见上皮下神经纤维,少数病例仍可见分支杂乱、异常走行。共焦显微镜显示在同级结膜印迹细胞程度下,角膜上皮细胞密度治疗前后进行比较,统计学上具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。治疗后细胞密度明显增加。 结论：应用角膜激光共焦显微镜和结膜印迹细胞定量观察泪液缺乏性干眼的治疗转归,从而确定以上两种方法在干眼治疗评价中具有重要价值。