A pilot study with a new, rapid-exchange, thrombus-aspirating device in patients with thrombus-containing lesions: the Diver C.E. study.

BACKGROUND: In patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), distal embolization of thrombotic material is more likely to play a key role in the pathogenesis of myocardial no-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thus, interventional techniques able to reduce thrombus burden at the culprit vessel might improve final myocardial reperfusion. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new rapid-exchange thrombus-aspirating catheter, the Diver C.E., in patients with thrombotic coronary lesions undergoing PCI. METHODS: Fifty patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 44) or with non-ST-elevation ACS and angiographic evidence of coronary thrombus (n = 6) undergoing urgent PCI were prospectively enrolled. The Diver C.E. was used to aspirate coronary thrombus from the culprit lesion after placement of the guidewire. Adjunctive balloon inflations and stent implantation were used to achieve good angiographic result. Angiographic coronary flow (by means of TIMI score and corrected TIMI frame count, cTFC), thrombus score (TS), and myocardial perfusion (by means of postintervention myocardial blush grade, MBG) were assessed in all patients. RESULTS: The device could be successfully employed in 96% of the cases (48/50) and yielded significant (P < 0.0001) acute reduction in thrombus burden (TS: predevice 3.5 +/- 0.8, postdevice 2.5 +/- 0.9) and improvement in coronary flow (TIMI grade: predevice 1.0 +/- 0.9, postdevice 2.0 +/- 0.9; CTFC predevice 71 +/- 31, postdevice 39 +/- 26). Final TIMI grade 0-1 was observed in one patient only (2%). A significant (P = 0.02) correlation was found between preintervention TS and efficacy of thrombus aspiration. A more pronounced acute reduction of thrombus burden after thrombus aspiration (TS reduction > or = 2) was associated with a better postintervention angiographic myocardial perfusion (MBG 2.3 +/- 0.9 vs 1.7 +/- 0.8; P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This new, easy-to-use, device is able to reduce thrombus burden and to improve coronary flow in patients with thrombus-containing lesions. The improvement in myocardial perfusion associated to greater thrombus removal highlights the importance of thrombus aspiration in the management of thrombus-burdened coronary lesions.     

MGuard Mesh‐Covered Stent for Treatment of ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction with High Thrombus Burden Despite Manual Aspiration

Objectives

To assess the usefulness of the MGuard stent in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in whom a high thrombus burden persists after manual aspiration.

Background

In some patients with STEMI, a high thrombus burden may persist after manual aspiration. These patients may be at high risk of distal embolization and therefore impaired myocardial reperfusion. The MGuard is a novel mesh‐covered stent designed to minimize thrombus embolization.

Methods

Single‐arm, prospective registry of patients with STEMI and high thrombus burden after aggressive thrombus aspiration treated with the MGuard stent. High thrombus burden was defined as thrombus burden grade 4 or 5 according to the TIMI score. Lesions with a side branch ≥2 mm and patients with cardiogenic shock were not included. The study end‐points were proportion of final TIMI 3 flow, normal myocardial blush, and complete ST‐segment resolution.

Results

Fifty‐six patients were included. After MGuard stent implantation >85% of cases had thrombus score = 0. Final TIMI 3 flow was achieved in 82% of cases, normal myocardial blush in 55%, and complete ST‐segment resolution in 59%. Occlusion of a side branch (<2 mm) occurred in 2 cases (3.5%), embolization to a distal branch in 5 cases (8.9%), and transient no‐reflow in 4 cases (7.1%). Major adverse cardiac events rate at 9 months was 3.6%, including 1 definite acute stent thrombosis and 1 target‐vessel revascularization.

Conclusions

The MGuard stent may be useful to prevent distal embolization in patients with STEMI and high thrombus burden despite mechanical aspiration.

     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后延迟支架植入术的疗效观察

目的对急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者行急诊冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗,经冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后使心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）血流达3级后,比较延期支架植入与即刻支架植入两种治疗方式对预后的影响。方法选择2010年1月至2012年1月符合急诊PCI治疗条件的急性心肌梗患者共149例．经冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后使心肌梗死溶栓试验血流达2～3级后,93例当时植入支架患者为即刻支架植入组．56例术后经强化抗凝及抗血小板治疗5～7d后再次手术植入支架者为延迟支架植入组,观察两组ST段术后回落超过50％的患者例数、慢血流或无复流发生率、心肌染色分级及支架使用情况,同时随访术后3个月时心功能状态及主要心血管事件（包括心肌梗死、血运重建、卒中、各种原因的死亡）。结果延期支架组心电图ST段回落比例明显高于即刻支架植入组,差异有统计学意义（62％vs.46％,P〈0．01）。无复流及慢血流在延迟支架组明显少于即刻支架组,差异有统计学意义（8％vs．17％,P〈0．01）。延迟支架组支架使用量明显少于即刻支架组,差异有统计学了意义[（2．3±0．7）枚 vs.（3．5±1．1）枚,P〈0．01]。3个月后两组主要心血管事件及左心室功能状态比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论冠状动脉内血栓抽吸后延迟支架植入,可减少支架使用量,有利于减少无复流及慢血流现象的发生,对近期预后无不利影响。     

PCI联合血栓抽吸术治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的效果

目的 探究经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）联合血栓抽吸术治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）的效果。方法 选取2014年11月—2017年11月我院收治的86例STEMI患者作为对象,经随机数字表法将之均分为两组,单纯PCI组行PCI治疗,联合组行血栓抽吸+PCI治疗,此外,两组均予盐酸替罗非班治疗。比较两组术后TIMI血流分级情况、支架植入2h后一般情况及主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生情况。结果 支架植入后,联合组TIMI血流分级Ⅱ级+Ⅲ级患者的比例95.3%（41/43）显著高于单纯PCI组76.7%（33/43）（P＜0.05）;支架植入2h后,观察组cTnT峰值及CK-MB峰值显著低于对照组,ST段回落＞50%的比例及术后10d的LVEF显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;住院期间和术后5个月内,两组MACE发生率相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 PCI联合血栓抽吸术治疗STEM能够有效改善冠脉血流和左心室功能,促进梗死区域的心肌灌注,改善患者短期预后。     

Predictive value of Q waves on the 12-lead electrocardiogram after reperfusion therapy for ST elevation myocardial infarction

Design

The data used for the present study were obtained as part of a clinical trial evaluating the effect of thrombus aspiration after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Setting

The study was conducted at a tertiary referral facility for primary PCI at a University Medical Center Groningen in The Netherlands.

Background

Prognosis after ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is strongly related to infarct size.

Methods

As part of a randomized clinical trial, the first electrocardiogram (ECG) after primary PCI for STEMI was analyzed for the incidence of Q waves (>0.1 mV) on the 12-lead ECG. Infarct size was measured as area under curve (AUC) of creatine kinase (CK) and CK-myocardial band (CK-MB).

Results and Conclusion

Nine hundred thirty-three patients were included, the median number of Q waves on the postprocedural ECG was 3 (interquartile range, 1-4). The number of Q waves on the postprocedural ECG was an independent predictor of infarct size measured either as AUC of CK (P < .001) or AUC of CK-MB (P < .001) and was a significant predictor of mortality during follow-up of 14 months. In conclusion, the number of Q waves on the postprocedural 12-lead ECG after primary PCI for STEMI is a strong predictor of infarct size and long-term mortality.     

延期支架置入对高血栓负荷ST段抬高急性心肌梗死预后的影响

目的研究高血栓负荷的ST段抬高急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者血栓抽吸后,延迟置入支架对患者预后的影响。方法选取129例血栓积分评分≥2分,经皮冠状动脉球囊扩张成形术（PTCA）和（或）血栓抽吸后血栓积分评分≤2分的STEMI患者纳入本研究,随机分为即时支架组（65例）和延期支架组（64例）。结果两组患者支架置入后TIMI积分、术后2 h ST段回落≥50%比较,差异均无统计学意义;而TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMP）积分即刻支架组显著低于延期支架组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。延期支架组术后6个月较入院时左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左心室收缩末期容积（LVESV）降低,左心室射血分数（LVEF）升高,其中LVEDV降低差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;即时支架组6个月后较入院时LVEDV、LVESV升高,LVEF降低,其中LVESV升高（P〈0.05）和LVEF降低（P〈0.001）差异有统计学意义。术后30 d内两组间主要不良心血管事件（MACE）及主要出血事件比较,差异均无统计学意义。术后12个月时,两组心源性死亡、再发心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但即时支架组心力衰竭发生率较延期支架组显著增多（P〈0.05）,使得即时支架组MACE事件发生率较延期支架组显著升高（P〈0.05）。两组间比较,延期支架组住院天数较即时支架组增多,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.001）,且住院费用显著增多,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论对于高血栓负荷的STEMI患者,经PTCA、血栓抽吸、强化抗栓处理后延迟行支架置入,可更好地改善患者的心肌灌注,减少心力衰竭的发生,从而使MACE事件发生率下降,但延期支架置入术患者的住院天数和住院费用会相应增加。     

Aborted myocardial infarction in intracoronary compared with standard intravenous abciximab administration in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Backgound

Abciximab reduces major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Intracoronary (IC) abciximab bolus application might be more effective than a standard intravenous (IV) bolus. So far the occurrence of aborted MI, a new therapeutic target of effective treatment in STEMI, has not been evaluated in IC versus IV abciximab administration in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.

Methods

To investigate the extent of aborted MI, 154 patients undergoing primary PCI were randomized to either IC (n = 77) or IV (n = 77) bolus abciximab administration with subsequent 12-hour intravenous infusion. For assessment of infarct size and extent of microvascular obstruction, all patients underwent late enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Aborted MI was defined by major (≥ 50%) ST-segment resolution and a lack of subsequent cardiac enzyme rise ≥ 2 the upper normal limit. We also assessed the occurrence of true aborted MI defined as the absence of myocardial necrosis in MRI.

Results

The incidence of aborted MI was significantly higher in the IC group (p = 0.04); true aborted MI was only observed in the IC abciximab group (p = 0.01). At multivariable logistic regression analysis, IC abciximab application was a significant independent predictor of true aborted MI (p = 0.03). Aborted MI patients had an excellent prognosis at 6-month follow-up with no MACE as compared to 24 events in patients with non-aborted MI.

Conclusions

IC bolus application of abciximab in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI results in a higher incidence of aborted MI and subsequent improved clinical outcome.     

血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的疗效观察

目的 观察冠脉内注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者中的疗效。方法 选择2009年~2012年诊断为STEMI接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的240例患者,随机分为直接PCI组、冠脉内注射替罗非班组（替罗非班组）、血栓抽吸组和血栓抽吸联合冠脉内注射替罗非班组（联合治疗组)。观察4组术后冠状动脉TIMI血流分级、心肌染色分级、术后24 h ST段回落>70%比率,术后6个月的主要复合终点事件。结果 与直接PCI组相比,血栓抽吸组、联合治疗组TIMI血流分级增加（P<0.05,P<0.01）;替罗非班组、联合治疗组心肌染色增加(均P<0.05);血栓抽吸组、联合治疗组ST段回落>70%比率增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);替罗非班组不降低患者6个月主要复合终点事件,血栓抽吸组降低患者6个月主要复合终点事件。但是,与替罗非班组或血栓抽吸组相比,联合治疗组在TIMI血流分级、心肌染色分级、术后24 h ST段回落>70%比率、6个月主要复合终点事件均未改善;4组间出血事件无显著差异。结论 血栓抽吸能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心肌灌注及降低6个月主要复合终点事件。     

抽吸导管联合替罗非班冠脉内注射在急性ST段抬高型心梗中的应用

目的 评价在血栓抽吸前、后冠脉内注射替罗非班对急性心肌梗死患者心肌再灌注的影响及预后。方法选取2009年9月至2011年6月在我院行急诊PCI治疗的急性sT段抬高型心梗患者103例,随机分为两组。A组在造影术后立即冠脉内注射替罗非班,B组在血栓抽吸术后冠脉内注射替罗非班,评价PCI术后两组患者造影结果及左室射血分数（LVEF）、MACE情况。结果A组心肌呈色分级（MBG）2-3级的比例为86．2％,而B组的比例为69．1％,差异具有统计学意义。出院前A、B两组LVEF值分别为（70．5±10．0）％和（61．5±11．0）％。冠脉内TIMI3级血流、CTFC帧数及sT段回落率两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行PCI时,如果患者血栓负荷过重,先行冠脉内替罗非班注射然后再进行血栓抽吸,可以得到更好的心肌再灌注,并且对LVEF的改善有益。     

The effect of thrombectomy on myocardial blush in primary angioplasty: The randomized evaluation of thrombus aspiration by two thrombectomy devices in acute myocardial infarction (RETAMI) trial

Background: In patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may cause thrombus dislodgment leading to microvascular function impairment, which is a negative independent predictor of myocardial function recovery. Compared with conventional stenting, pretreatment with aspiration thrombectomy during primary PCI significantly improves coronary epicardial flow and myocardial tissue perfusion parameters. We sought to evaluate the angiographic findings of two different manual aspiration thrombectomy devices (Diver‐Invatec® (DI) and Export‐Medtronic®® (EM)) in STEMI patients undergoing primary angioplasty. Methods: We randomized 103 STEMI patients referred to our hospital to undergo primary PCI (<12 hr from symptoms onset) to DI (n = 52) and EM (n = 51) devices. The primary angiographic composite end‐points were the rates of post‐thrombectomy thrombus score (TS) ≤≤2, TIMI flow grade ≥≥2, and post‐stenting myocardial blush grade (MBG) ≥≥2 in the two groups. Results: Baseline, clinical, and angiographic preprocedural findings did not differ between the two groups. After aspiration thrombectomy, a TS ≤≤ 2 was more frequently present in EM group (92.3 vs. 69.3%, P = 0.0052). Also the rate of post‐thrombectomy TIMI ≥≥ 2 (69.3 vs. 92.2%, P = 0.0052) and post‐stenting MBG ≥≥2 (88.2 vs. 69.3%, P = 0.029) were significantly higher in EM group. No significative differences were observed in terms of clinical events at 1 and 12 months. Conclusions: In this single‐center, prospective, randomized study, a EM use before stenting in STEMI patients seems to remove more thrombotic burden compared with DI, providing a greater post‐thrombectomy epicardial flow and a better post‐stenting microvascular perfusion. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死应用血栓抽吸和静脉溶栓开通冠脉的疗效比较

目的 比较急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经导管血栓抽吸和静脉溶栓两种方法对择期PCI即刻及近期疗效的差异.方法 回顾分析2009年1月至2012年1月收治的60例急性STEMI且符合梗死相关动脉（IRA）高血栓负荷患者的临床资料.其中14例通过反复抽吸血栓使IRA血流恢复TIMI 3级,设为抽吸组;22例成功静脉溶栓患者,设为溶栓组.依其IRA的残余狭窄病变（RSL）及非IRA以外的罪犯相关病变（CRL）的冠脉造影,狭窄程度≥70％为冠脉支架置入标准,比较两组IRA的RSL病变与非IRA的CRL病变处理的差异、冠脉TIMI血流分级及心肌灌注呈色（BMG）显像分级的差异、即刻效果、1个月时心功能的差异及MACE差异.结果 IRA及CRL的病变分布及形态、支架置入无复流、支架特征（个数、直径、长度）、支架直接置入率、高压球囊使用率、最后扩张压力等指标,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但MBG达到3级者抽吸组明显优于溶栓组（93.0％比63.6％,P＜0.05）.1个月时左室直径、EF值、血浆BNP和hs-CRP,抽吸组均明显优于溶栓组（均P＜0.05）,两组均无MACE事件发生.结论 对高血栓负荷的STEMI患者进行单纯急诊血栓抽吸,择期PCI较静脉溶栓开通后择期PCI效果好,也是安全的.     

血栓抽吸前后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中的应用

目的评价急性心肌梗死患者行急诊PCI时在应用血栓抽吸导管进行血栓抽吸前后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对患者的心肌再灌注、心功能以及主要心脏事件的影响。方法取2009年9月至2011年11月在常平医院行急诊PCI治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死153例,按数字表法随机分为两组,其中一组在造影术后,血栓抽吸前立即冠状动脉内注射替罗非班15ml,另一组在血栓抽吸术后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班15ml,评价PCI术后两组间造影结果以及左室射血分数、MACE的情况等等。结果在血栓抽吸前冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组MBG2、3级的比例为85.0%,而在血栓抽吸后冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组的比例为67.1%,差异具有统计学意义。出院前LVEF值分别为71.5±10.0和61.5±11.0,差异具有统计学意义。而冠状动脉内TIMI3级血流、CTFC帧数、以及ST段回落率在两组间的差异没有统计学意义。结论在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行PCI时,如果患者血栓负荷过重,在支架置入术前先行冠状动脉内替罗非班注射,然后再进行血栓抽吸可以得到更好的心肌再灌注,并且对LVEF的改善有益。     

Aspiration coronary thrombectomy for acute myocardial infarction increases myocardial salvage

Objectives : The aim of the study was to assess if aspiration thrombectomy in high risk patients with STEMI and angiographic evidence of thrombus may improve myocardial salvage. Background : It is unclear if thrombus aspiration before percutaneous intervention (PCI) improves myocardial salvage. Methods : The trial was a prospective randomized study. The inclusion criteria were: first STEMI within 12 hr from symptoms onset, culprit lesion in left anterior descending or right coronary artery, culprit artery TIMI flow ≤ 2 and angiographic evidence of thrombus. The primary endpoint was myocardial salvage index (MSI) as assessed by ^99mTc‐sestamibi SPECT imaging. Results : We randomized 137 patients (98 male, mean age 64.1 ± 12.5 years) either to aspiration thrombectomy followed by standard PCI with stent implantation (n = 67) or to standard primary PCI (n = 70). Index perfusion defect was similar in both study groups: 34.2% ± 13.1% in thrombectomy group versus 37.1% ± 12.0% in primary PCI group (P = 0.2). MSI was larger in aspiration thrombectomy group than in control patients [25.4% (IQR 13.5–44) vs. 18.5% (IQR 7.7–30.3) respectively, P = 0.02]. The final infarct size was smaller in patients treated with aspiration thrombectomy (23.1% ± 13.3% vs. 28.9% ± 10.2% in the control group, P = 0.002). Conclusions : Aspiration thrombectomy improves myocardial salvage in high risk STEMI patients with angiographic evidence of thrombus. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Thrombus aspiration in primary percutaneous coronary intervention in high‐risk patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: A real‐world registry

Objectives : To evaluate the effect of thrombus aspiration in a real‐world all‐comer patient population with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Background : Catheter thrombus aspiration in primary PCI was beneficial in randomized clinical trials. Methods : We enrolled 313 STEMI patients presenting with TIMI Flow Grade 0 or 1 in the infarct related artery at baseline angiogram undergoing primary PCI. Patients were divided in two groups based on whether thrombus aspiration was attempted. This decision was left at operator's discretion. Procedural and long‐term clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results : Baseline characteristics were similar between groups: 194 (62%) received thrombus aspiration and 119 underwent conventional PCI. Thrombus aspiration was associated with significantly lower post‐PCI TIMI Frame Count values (19 ± 15 vs. 25 ± 17; P = 0.002) and higher TIMI Flow Grade 3 (92% vs. 73%; P < 0.001). Postprocedural myocardial perfusion assessed by myocardial blush grade (MBG) was significantly increased in the thrombus aspiration group (MBG 3: 44% vs. 21%; P < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the two groups in clinical outcome at 30 days. At one year, patients treated with thrombus aspiration showed significantly higher overall survival (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20–0.81; log‐rank P = 0.010) and MACE‐free survival (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28–0.85; log‐rank P = 0.011). Conclusions : In real‐world all‐comer STEMI patients with occluded infarct‐related artery, thrombus aspiration prior to PCI improves coronary flow, myocardial perfusion, and long‐term clinical outcome as compared with PCI in the absence of thrombus aspiration. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Effect of direct stenting on clinical outcome in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention on saphenous vein graft

Background

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein graft (SVG) is associated with frequent postprocedural enzyme elevation and late cardiac events. New strategies are proposed to minimize distal embolization and to improve the outcome of patients treated with stenting for SVG lesions. The objectives of the current study were to examine direct stenting (DS) strategy of PCI in SVG lesions and its effects on creatine-kinase (CK) release, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and late outcome when compared to conventional stenting (CS).

Methods

A consecutive series of 527 patients treated with stent implantation for SVG stenosis was analyzed. In this cohort, 170 patients with 229 lesions were treated with DS and 357 patients with 443 lesions were treated with CS. The inhospital and 12-month follow-up events were recorded and reported.

Results

Baseline clinical and postprocedural angiographic characteristics were similar between the 2 groups except for higher preprocedural prevalence of thrombus-containing lesions in the DS group. Patients in the DS group had less CK-MB release (P < .001), and less non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (P = .024). Multivariate analysis detected unstable angina (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, P = .03) as a correlate for non-Q-wave MI; DS was inversely associated with non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (OR = 0.65, P = .04). At 1 year, the target lesion revascularization-MACE was significantly lower in the DS group (P = .021). Multivariate analysis showed that DS (OR = 0.47, P = .007) was associated with reduction of the target lesion revascularization-MACE.

Conclusions

When feasible, DS may be the best approach for treating SVG stenosis.     

Thrombus aspiration in late presenters with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: A single‐center randomized trial

Objectives

To examine whether routine thrombus aspiration (TA) is associated with improved myocardial salvage in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) presenting ≥12 h after onset of symptoms.

Background

TA is a recognized treatment option in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) especially in the setting of heavy thrombus burden. However, data on the role of TA in STEMI patients presenting late after onset of symptoms are limited.

Methods

In this single‐center prospective randomized study, patients with subacute STEMI presenting ≥12 and ≤48 h after symptom onset were randomized to primary PCI with or without manual TA in a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint was the myocardial salvage index assessed with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) on admission and 4 days later.

Results

A total of 60 patients underwent randomization. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. TA was associated with improved myocardial salvage index compared with control group (60.1 ± 11.1% vs 28.1 ± 21.3%; P = <0.001). Furthermore, TA was associated with improved post‐procedural TIMI flow (2.9 ± 0.3 vs 2.5 ± 0.6; P = 0.003), myocardial blush grade (2.9 ± 0.3 vs 2.2 ± 0.8, P = <0.001), and reduction in left ventricular end‐diastolic dimensions (50.4 ± 4.3 mm vs 54.4 ± 5.8 mm, P = 0.004) compared with the control group. Clinical outcomes at 30 days and 6 months were similar between both groups.

Conclusions

TA might be associated with improved reperfusion and myocardial salvage especially in STEMI patients presenting after 12 h from symptom onset who are likely to have a heavy thrombus burden.

     

Outcomes 1 year after thrombus aspiration for myocardial infarction

Background Routine intracoronary thrombus aspiration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) has not been proved to reduce short-term mortality. We evaluated clinical outcomes at 1 year after thrombus aspiration.Methods We randomly assigned 7244 patients with STEMI to undergo manual thrombus aspiration followed by PCI or to undergo PCI alone, in a registry-based, randomized clinical trial. The primary end point of all-cause mortality at 30 days has been reported previously. Death from any cause at 1 year was a prespecified secondary end point of the trial.Results No patients were lost to follow-up. Death from any cause occurred in 5.3% of the patients(191 of 3621 patients) in the thrombus-aspiration group, as compared with 5.6%(202 of 3623) in the PCI-only group(hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 1.15; P = 0.57). Rehospitalization for myocardial infarction at 1 year occurred in 2.7% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.73 to1.28; P = 0.81), and stent thrombosis in 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.50 to1.40; P = 0.51). The composite of death from any cause, rehospitalization for myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis occurred in 8.0% and 8.5% of the patients, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.80 to1.11; P = 0.48). The results were consistent across all the major subgroups, including grade of thrombus burden and coronary flow before PCI.Conclusion Routine thrombus aspiration before PCI in patients with STEMI did not reduce the rate of death from any cause or the composite of death from any cause, rehospitalization for myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis at 1 year.(From: N Engl J Med 2014; 371:1111-1120 September 18, 2014DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1405707)     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗中应用抽吸导管对心肌再灌注的影响

目的:分析在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用抽吸导管对心肌再灌注影响.方法:首次STEMI行PCI患者80例,随机分为试验组(41例,应用抽吸导管后再行PCI),对照组(39例,直接行PCI).比较2组术后即刻计算校正TIMI计帧数和心肌Blush分级、术中慢复流现象、心电图90 min ST段下降率.在术后24 h、1周时应用心肌声学造影计算灌注对比积分指数(CSI)、室壁运动积分指数(WMSI).结果:PCI后试验组的校正TIMI计帧数明显低于对照组,Blush分级≥2级获得率高于对照组,慢复流现象减少;再通后90 min心电图相关导联ST段下降率试验组明显大于对照组(P<0.05).同时在研究的每一个时点,试验组CSI、WMSI较对照组明显降低(P<0.05).结论:在STEMI急诊行PCI中应用抽吸导管可改善梗死相关血管前向血流情况,改善心肌再灌注,减少无复流现象.     

Outcomes 1 year after thrombus aspiration for myocardial infarction

Routine intracoronary thrombus aspiration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) has not been proved to reduce short-term mortality.We evaluated clinical outcomes at 1 year after thrombus aspiration. Methods We randomly assigned 7244 patients with STEMI to undergo manual thrombus aspiration followed by PCI or to undergo PCI alone, in a registry-based, randomized clinical trial. The primary end point of all-cause mortality at 30 days has been reported previously. Death from any cause at 1 year was a prespecified secondary end point of the trial. Results No patients were lost to follow-up. Death from any cause occurred in 5.3% of the patients(191 of 3621 patients) in the thrombus-aspiration group, as compared with 5.6%(202 of 3623) in the PCI-only group(hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 1.15; P = 0.57). Rehospitalization for myocardial infarction at 1 year occurred in 2.7% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.73 to1.28; P = 0.81), and stent thrombosis in 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.50 to1.40; P = 0.51). The composite of death from any cause, rehospitalization for myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis occurred in 8.0% and 8.5% of the patients, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.80 to1.11; P = 0.48). The results were consistent across all the major subgroups, including grade of thrombus burden and coronary flow before PCI. Conclusions Routine thrombus aspiration before PCI in patients with STEMI did not reduce the rate of death from any cause or the composite of death from any cause, rehospitalization for myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis at 1 year.     

Direct stenting after thrombus removal before primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction

Objectives: To verify whether direct stenting (DS) after thrombus removal during primary angioplasty (PPCI) in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) can improve myocardial reperfusion and prevent distal embolization compared to conventional stent implantation.
Background: Both mechanical removal and DS reduce thrombus dislodgment and improve microcirculatory reperfusion during PPCI. However, the additional effect of DS after thrombus removal has not been definitely assessed.
Methods: The DEAR-MI study included 148 consecutive STEMI patients who were randomly assigned to undergo or not thrombus aspiration before PPCI. For the purpose of the present study, we interrogated the DEAR-MI data bank to compare the occurrence of complete (>70%) ST-segment resolution (STR), myocardial blush grade (MBG)-3, no-reflow, and angiographic embolization in patients treated and untreated with DS.
Results: Clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar in the two groups. Comparing DS and no-DS groups, complete STR was found in 67% versus 51% (P = 0.08), MBG-3 in 86% versus 49% (P < 0.001), no-reflow in 1% versus14% (P < 0.01), angiographic embolization in 3% versus 19% (P < 0.01), TIMI flow-3 in 89% versus 70% (P < 0.01), and the corrected TIMI frame count was 16.2 versus 18.8 (P < 0.05). Among patients undergoing thrombus aspiration, the odds ratio of DS for MBG-3 and distal embolization was 4 (95% CI 1–16.6) and 0.10 (95% CI 0.01–0.93), respectively.
At multivariable analysis, thrombus aspiration (P < 0.001) and DS (P < 0.05) independently predicted MBG-3, while thrombus aspiration was the only independent predictor of DS.
Conclusions: DS during PPCI reduces distal embolization and improves myocardial reperfusion. This effect is significantly more relevant after thrombus aspiration.