老年性白内障超氧化物歧化酶与微量元素研究

对３１例老年性白内障患者血中红细胞ＳＯＤ活性进行检测，并同时检测了患者血清微量元素，结果老年性白内障患者血中ＳＯＤ活性较正常对照组明显下降，而血清中微量元素Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｃａ并不降低。认为老年性白内障形成与机体抗氧化能力下降有关。     

正常晶体与老年性白内障的超氧化物歧化酶含量分析

正常晶体与老年性白内障的超氧化物歧化酶含量分析佳木斯医学院第一附属医院眼科刘远光，李宏，孟凡秋关于老年性白内障形成的确切机理目前仍不明确。但是晶体内抗氧化能力的减退或障碍，是老年性白内障形成的重要因素理论，已经逐渐被眼科学者共识［１─５］。本文通过对...     

老年性白内障超氧化物歧化酶脂质过氧化物的研究

测定22例老年性白内障患者血清内及房水内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和脂质过氧化物（LPO），结果老年性白内障患者血清及房水中SOD，活性较正常对照组明显下降，而LPO明显高于正常对照组。分析了SOD含量减少、LPO含量增多对老年性白内障的发生、发展的影响，认为老年性白内障形成与机体抗氧化能力下降有关，提出了提高机体SOD的含量在预防及治疗白内障中的作用。     

老年性白内障患者的血清超氧化物歧化酶活力和丙=醛含量测定

老年性白内障患者的血清超氧化物歧化酶活力和丙＝醛含量测定中山医科大学第三附属医院眼科夏小平，叶辉眼睛是人体内光动力学及光比学反应的特殊器官，紫外光、阳光、电高辐射等均能明显地损伤眼组织，产生角膜炎、白内障及视网膜疾患等。这些物理性损伤是通过产生氧自由...     

老年性白内障患者血中SOD变化

ＳＵＤ是一种重要的抗氧化酶，近年来研究发现，自由基与白内障形成有关。本文观察了６６例老年性白内障患者血清及全血ＳＯＤ含量。并与３３例健康人进行对照。结果表明，老年性白内障血清中ＳＯＤ浓度略低于正常组，而全血ＳＯＤ含量明显低于对照组。说明全血ＳＯＤ明显降低与老年性白内障形成有密切关系。     

超氧化物歧化酶、脂质过氧化物与老年性白内障的关系

我们测定了３０位老年性白内障患者眼房水内及血清内的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ－Ｉ）和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）。结果表明老年性白内障患者眼房水内超氧化物歧化酶含量较血清内低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而房水内的脂质过氧化物含量却高于血清（Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文还分析了房水内超氧化物歧化酶含量减少，脂质过氧化物增多对老年性白内障的发生。发展的影响。推测由于外界因素诸如阳光、紫外线、辐射、外界温度等是造成房水内活性氧增多，破坏了房水内氧化──抗氧化系统间的平衡的主要原因之一。     

丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶与白内障

本文采用荧光光度法和比色法测定了30只老年性、22只并发性白内障晶体和22只透明晶体的丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),同时测定了30例老年性白内障、22例并发白内障病人血中红细胞MDA、SOD.结果显示:老年性及并发性白内障晶体MDA比透明晶体高,SOD比透明晶体低,老年性、并发性白内障病人晶体中MDA、SOD与其血中MDA、SOD不存在直线相关.透明晶体中MDA与SOD呈负相关而老年性、并发性白内障晶体中MDA与SOD无明显相关关系.上述结果支持脂质过氧化及抗氧自由基防御系统在白内障发病机理中的作用.     

微量元素对Wistar乳鼠硒性白内障抑制作用的研究

采用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ乳鼠经皮下注射亚硒酸钠诱发白内障，同时皮下注射汞、银、锂、钴等微量元素，动态观察白内障的发生与发展并测定晶体内有活性的超氧化物歧化酶。结果表明：微量元素汞、银、锂、钴可不同程度地抑制和延缓硒性白内障的发生与发展，晶体内有活性的ＳＯＤ含量与硒性白内障的发展有一定的相关性。     

实验性电离辐射白内障及其微量元素研究

采用20Gy~(60)Coγ射线一次性照射新西兰幼兔双眼,动态观察了兔眼电离辐射损伤后的全身反应及眼部改变,着重探讨电离辐射白内障的形态特点、房水性状及房水、晶体、玻璃体、虹膜睫状体和血清的微量元素变化。结果表明,照射后第11周实验组动物全部发生典型的辐射性白内障,且晶体和血清处于明显的低锌高铜状态,房水锌铜显著降低,玻璃体和虹膜睫状体的锌铜显著增高。作者提出电离辐射白内障时晶体锌铜反向代谢途径假说。     

SOD和脂质过氧化反应在视网膜铜沉着症中的作用

测定了家兔眼球内铜异物伤后,视网膜中的抗氧化酶SOD活性和脂质过氧化反应产物MDA含量,以及玻璃体中铜离子浓度。SOD活性随玻璃体中铜离子浓度的升高而明显下降。7天时下降53.2%,4周时下降93.8%。MDA值在整个观察期间明显增高,最高达对照组的3倍,且与玻璃体中铜离子浓度的升高呈正相关。实验结果表明,脂质过氧化反应和视网膜SOD活性下降可能是眼铜质沉着症视网膜变性的重要因素之一。     

Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Age-related Cataract

ABSTRACT

Background: Functional polymorphisms in genes encoding antioxidant enzymes may result in reduced enzyme activity and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals, which in turn may contribute to increased risk of age-related disorders. Copper–zinc superoxide dismutases, SOD-1 and SOD-3, and manganese superoxide dismutase, SOD-2, are enzymes involved in the protection against oxidative stress and detoxification of superoxide. In this study, we investigated a number of disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3, in patients with age-related cataract.

Materials and methods: The study included an Estonian sample of 492 patients with age-related cataract, subgrouped into nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular and mixed cataract, and 185 controls. Twelve SNPs in SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3 were genotyped using TaqMan Allelic Discrimination. Haplotype analysis was performed on the SNPs in SOD2.

Results: None of the studied SNPs showed an association with risk of cataract. These results were consistent after adding known risk factors (age, sex and smoking) as covariates in the multivariate analyses and after stratification by cataract subtype. Analysis of SOD2 haplotypes did not show any associations with risk of cataract.

Conclusions: If genetic variation in genes encoding SOD-1, SOD-2 and SOD-3 contributes to cataract formation, there is no major contribution of the SNPs analyzed in the present study.     

正常眼和老年性白内障晶状体中抗氧化酶活性的测定

采集了较大量的正常眼和老年性白内障眼的晶状体，根据氧自由基生物学和脂质过氧化学说进行研究，发现同正常晶状体眼相比，老年性白内障眼的晶状体中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性均非常显著下降，而丙二醛含量则升高非常显著，结果提示氧自由基和脂质过氧化可能是导致老年性白内障形成的直接原因之一。     

白内障患者房水微量元素含量的变化

通过对正常人和白内障患者房水中镁、钙、铜、锌四种微量元素含量的测定，发现后者房水钙元素含量明显增加，与正常值比较有极显著差异、镁、铜、锌元素含量也增加，较正常值也有显著差异。微量元素含量的增加与白内障的类型无关。     

Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome in Turkish Patients with Senile Cataract

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) among Turkish patients with senile cataract. Materials and Methods: Records of 352 eyes of 352 patients who underwent cataract surgery were analyzed in this retrospective study. The presence of PEX, type of cataract, intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and systemic diseases (coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus) were recorded. Results: The overall prevalence of PEX syndrome was detected to be 11%. The mean age of PEX patients was significantly higher than without PEX (74.4?±?7.2 years and 69.3?±?11.4 years, respectively, p?=?0.004). The most common cataract type in the PEX patients was mixed-type cataract determined in 51.2% of patients. IOP was significantly higher in eyes with PEX than in eyes without it (16.1?±?4.5?mmHg and 14.7?±?3.8?mmHg, respectively; p?=?0.03). Moreover, the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration was found to be significantly higher, and prevalence of glaucoma slightly higher in PEX patients than without PEX. Conclusion: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a common condition in Turkish people. PEX is associated with mixed type of cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and elevated IOP. Therefore, PEX patients should be checked for concomitant diseases.     

微量元素铬镉与白内障

用20Gy~(60)Coγ射线一次性照射新西兰幼兔双眼,复制电离辐射白内障动物模型。于辐射前1天及辐射后1、7、21及77天动态观察血清,晶体、房水及虹膜睫状体中铬、镉含量的变化。发现除辐射后早期晶体、房水及虹膜睫状体中铬增加外,其余各期血清、晶体、房水及虹膜睫状体中铬和镉含量均降低,与白内障形成呈负相关。提示微量元素铬镉在电离辐射白内障的发生机理中起一定作用。