Effects of antioxidant herbs on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in a rat-pica model

Nausea and vomiting are significant adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin, and cause significant patient morbidity. Cisplatin treatment results in oxidant gut injury, which is postulated to be the primary cause of nausea and vomiting. We evaluated the effects of two antioxidant herbs, Scutellaria baicalensis and American ginseng berry, on cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting using a rat model. Rats react to emetic or nausea-producing stimuli, such as cisplatin, with altered feeding habits, manifested by increased kaolin consumption (pica). We measured pica in rats to quantify cisplatin-induced nausea. We observed that pretreatment of rats with S. baicalensis or ginseng berry extracts resulted in a significant reduction in cisplatin-induced pica. The in vitro free radical scavenging ability of the herbal extract observed in the study, further confirmed the antioxidant action of the herb. We conclude that herbal antioxidants may have a role in attenuating cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.     

电针内关、间使穴对化疗所致恶心呕吐的影响

目的：探讨电针内关、间使穴联合格拉司琼对化疗所致恶心呕吐的影响。方法收集2011年7月－2012年9月浙江省中医院肿瘤科住院患者72例,采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为2组,电针组38例,假电针组34例。电针组电针内关和间使穴（1 h/次,2次/d）,同时于化疗前30 min静脉滴注盐酸格拉司琼3 mg,12 h后重复1次。假电针组电针假内关穴和假间使穴,余同电针激组。2组均治疗3 d。比较2组治疗期间恶心、呕吐发生率及临床疗效。结果电针组呕吐次数在化疗后第2天显著少于假电针组[（0.37±0.75）次比（1.12±2.13）次;t＝2.034,P＝0.046）],化疗后第2天[(1.21±0.93)次比(1.88±0.59)次;t＝3.596,P＝0.001]和第3天[(1.26±0.92)次比(1.68±0.53)次;t＝2.293,P＝0.025]恶心等级均低于假电针组。电针组第2天（76.3%比64.7%;χ2＝12.390,P＝0.006）和第3天（73.7%比64.7%;χ2＝12.313,P＝0.006）总有效率显著高于假电针组。结论电针内关穴、间使穴联合格拉司琼可缓解肿瘤化疗所致恶心呕吐。     

灵芝多糖对小鼠T细胞三磷酸肌醇和二酰基甘油体外作用的研究

 目的 研究灵芝多糖（GLB₇）对小鼠T细胞三磷酸肌醇（IP₃）和二酰基甘油（DAG）的作用,确定其对T细胞信号转导途径。方法 采用细胞培养、放射免疫分析、离子交换层析和薄层色谱法测定小鼠脾脏T细胞中IP₃和DAG的变化。结果 GLB₇引起小鼠T细胞中IP3和DAG浓度升高。IP₃的达峰时间为30 s,百日咳毒素（PTX）对此现象有抑制作用;DAG的合成出现两个峰,第一个峰迅速短暂,峰值位于30 s,第二个峰是持续时间较长的迟发峰。GLB₇对活化的T细胞中IP₃和DAG未产生明显影响。结论 IP₃/Ca²⁺和DAG/PKC两条信息途径均参与了灵芝多糖对T细胞的免疫调节。     

灵芝多糖对高脂血症大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化的影响

目的:探索灵芝多糖对高脂血症大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化的影响。方法:50只大鼠随机分成5组:正常对照组、高血脂组和不同含量灵芝多糖组,除正常组外,其他组的大鼠采用高脂食物喂养1个月后,鼠尾采血测定血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三脂(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及脂质过氧化物(LPO)。结果:灵芝多糖能明显降低TC,TG和LDL-C的浓度(P<0.01),能使HDL-C浓度升高(P<0.05),能明显提高血液GSH-Px和SOD酶活性(P<0.01),降低血液LPO的浓度(P<0.05)。结论:灵芝多糖能调节大鼠高脂血症的脂代谢和增强抗脂质过氧化的作用。     

针刺治疗顺铂所致恶心呕吐疗效观察

目的:观察针刺配合止吐药治疗化疗药顺铂所致恶心呕吐的疗效.方法:采用配对、交叉对照的研究设计,将66例化疗患者分为A、B两组,各33例.A组首次化疗周期采用化疗、托烷司琼、穴位针刺治疗,下一周期应用同一化疗方案、托烷司琼、假穴位针刺治疗;B组首次化疗周期采用化疗、托烷司琼、假穴位针刺治疗,下一周期应用同一化疗方案、托烷司琼、穴位针刺治疗.穴位针刺治疗取足三里、内关、公孙,并配合耳针胃穴;假穴位针刺于足三里、内关、公孙穴位旁开3 cm处实施针刺治疗,耳穴选取耳舟对应胃穴的水平位置,均每日1次,连续6天.两组均使用基础止吐药托烷司琼5 mg,每天1次,连续6天.比较2个化疗周期中使用穴位针刺治疗者(统称穴位针刺组)与假穴位针刺者(假穴位针刺组)连续6天的恶心、呕吐症状的疗效.结果:穴位针刺组第2天、第4天恶心疗效的有效率分别为87.1%、79.0%,优于假穴位针刺组的59.4%、57.8%(均P＜0.05);穴位针刺组第3-6天的呕吐疗效优于假穴位针刺组(P＜0.05).结论:针刺配合止吐药能有效降低化疗药所致迟发性恶心呕吐发生率及程度.穴位组作用优于假穴位组.     

谈谈灵芝的化学成分及其药理作用

灵芝是名贵中药多孔菌科植物赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Ley-ss.ex Fr.)Karst.或紫芝Ganoderma sinense Zhao,Xu et Zhang的干燥子实体。灵芝含有多糖类、三萜类、氨基酸类、生物碱类、核苷类、甾醇类等多种化学成分,多糖类被认为是它的主要有效成分,具有抗肿瘤、保肝、调节免疫、抗衰老等药理作用。     

灵芝孢子粉对癫痫大鼠脑细织中SS、5-HT和ATP酶的影响

目的观察灵芝孢子粉对戊四氮致痫大鼠脑组织中生长抑素（ss）、5一羟色胺（5-HT）和ATP酶的影响,探讨灵芝孢子粉的抗癫痫作用机制。方法健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只,分为空白对照组、癫痫模型组、灵芝孢子粉组,每组10只。癫痫模型组采用戊四氮腹腔注射＋0．9％NaCl溶液灌胃;灵芝孢子粉组采用戊四氮腹腔注射＋灵芝孢子粉灌胃;空白对照组采用0．9％NaCl溶液腹腔注射＋0．9％NaCl溶液灌胃。各组分别干预28天后断头取脑,行免疫组化染色法和比色法,观察脑组织中SS、5-HT和ATP酶含量变化。结果①灵芝孢子粉组和癫痫模型组均达到癫痫模型“点燃”标准。②免疫组织化学染色显示：癫痫模型组大脑皮质及海马SS免疫反应阳性细胞数比空白对照组明显增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;灵芝孢子粉组大脑皮质及海马SS免疫反应阳性细胞比癫痫模型组数减少,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;③癫痫模型组海马5-HT含量明显低于空白对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;灵芝孢子粉组海马5-HT含量比癫痫模型组增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。④癫痫模型组大脑皮质及海马ATP酶含量低于空白对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;灵芝孢子粉组高于癫痫模型组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论灵芝孢子粉能有效降低癫痫大鼠脑皮质和海马区SS的含量,同时能提高脑组织中5-HT和ATP酶的含量,使神经元兴奋性减弱,减轻癫痫的发作,从而降低癫痫发作给神经系统带来的损伤。     

浅谈艾滋病恶心口区吐的中医辨证论治

恶心呕吐是艾滋病患者的常见症状之一,其病因仍不甚明确,从中医辨证论治出发,针对患者的症状有选择的合理用药,对本证的改善有一定得作用。     

针刺对腹腔镜术后恶心、呕吐的预防作用

目的:探讨围术期针刺内关穴减少腹腔镜胃肠手术术后恶心、呕吐的效果.方法:选取择期行腹腔镜胃肠手术患者100例,双盲随机分为针刺组和对照组,每组50例.两组均采用静吸复合全麻,术后患者均行静脉自控镇痛(PCA).针刺组麻醉诱导前及术中持续针刺手术患者双内关,术毕拔出针灸针,针刺穴位处贴上不透明的贴膜.对照组未行针灸,术毕在内关穴位置贴上相同贴膜.术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h随访,记录两组患者恶心、干呕和呕吐发生率及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS).结果:针刺组在术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的恶心发生率分别为12.0%、6.0%:6.0%、2.0%,干呕的发生率分别为0、0、2.0%、2.0%;对照组恶心的发生率分别为28.0%、20.0%、12.0%、2.0%,干呕的发生率分别为2.0%、6.0%、2.0%、0,术后6 h、12 h恶心发生率,术后6 h、12 h、48 h干呕发生率,针刺组均低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.001);两组患者均未发生呕吐;两组间术后VAS评分差异无统计学意义.结论:针刺内关可减少腹腔镜胃肠手术患者术后恶心、干呕的发生率,尤其在术后24 h内.     

The lack of antiplatelet effect of crude extracts from ganoderma lucidum on HIV-positive hemophiliacs

Effects of the extracts from Ganoderm lucidum (GL-P) to influence immune status of the hemophiliacs with positive HIV antibody and reversed helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte ratio were studied. Since the extracts from G. lucidum have been reported to contain high levels of adenosine, the untoward antiplatelet effect of the extracts on hemophiliacs were highly concerned. Five patients of hemophilia A voluntarily received the extracts which has been analyzed to contain 150 mg of adenosine in 100 gm of the extracts. Patients were estimated to take 1.35 mg of the adenosine daily. Platelet aggregation tests before and after the trial of the extracts showed no significant change. Our crude extracts of the Ganoderma lucidum was considered not to have untoward antiplatelet effect in vivo despite the high contents of adenosine.     

思密达治疗大剂量顺铂致呕的研究

目的 :探讨思密达控制大剂量顺铂引起的延迟性恶心呕吐的疗效。方法 :97例入选患者随机分为三组 ,A组为恩丹西酮组 ,化疗 2 4小时后口服恩丹西酮片 8m g,1次 / 8小时 ,连服 5天 ;B组为思密达组 ,化疗前一天至化疗后 5天口服思密达 3.0 g,3次 /日 ;C组为胃复胺组 ,化疗 2 4小时后肌注胃复胺 10 m g,1次 / 8小时。结果 :对延迟性恶心呕吐控制 A组与 B组相比 P>0 .0 5 ,两组差异不显著 ,B组与 C组相比 P<0 .0 5 ,有显著差异。结论 :思密达控制大剂量顺铂引起的延迟性恶心呕吐可以替代恩丹西酮片 ,疗效优于胃复胺 ,而且无任何毒副反应     

灵芝多糖对顺铂致大鼠肾损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：研究灵芝多糖对顺铂肾毒性的预防作用。方法：♀Wistar大鼠随机分为生理盐水组、顺铂组、灵芝多糖组、灵芝多糖 顺铂组，连续ip给药5d后采样，分别测血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、肾皮质组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，红细胞SOD活性和血清MDA含量，并观察肾脏形态结构的改变。结果：顺铂组血清Scr、BUN明显升高，红细胞SOD活性降低，血清MDA含量升高；肾皮质组织MDA含量升高，SOD活性降低。灵芝多糖 顺铂组血清Scr、BUN降低，红细胞SOD活性明显降低，血清MDA明显降低，肾皮质组织MDA含量降低，SOD活性升高；酶组化和病理切片显示肾脏结构较顺铂组明显改善。结论：灵芝多糖可减轻顺铂肾毒性，其机制可能与抑制顺铂致血液和肾皮质脂质过氧化反应增强有关。     

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant potentials of an ethanolic extract of Ganoderma lucidum in rat mammary carcinogenesis

AIM： Considering the importance of diet in the prevention of cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species which has been implicated for several diseases, this present study was undertaken to evaluvate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of the ethanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum on 7, 12-dimethylbenz（a）anthracene （DMBA）-induced mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS： Ganoderrna lucidum extract was tested for in vitro antioxidant and radical scav- enging assays, such as （ABTS^-1） radical cation decolorization assay, DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The in vivo antioxidant potentials were analyzed by SOD, CAT, and GPx in plasma, mammary, and liver tissues. RESULTS： In all the in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging assays the extract exhibited good scavenging activity. In vivo enzy- matic antioxidant levels, such as SOD, CAT, and GPx were decreased in DMBA-induced animals. Moreover, pretreatment with G. lucidum （500 mg.kg-1 bw） to DMBA-induced animals significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx in plasma, mammary, and liver tissues compared to DMBA induced animals. CONCLUSIONS： From these findings, it is suggested that G. lu- cidum extract could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants and can be used as an effective chemopreventive agent against mammary cancer.     

国外针灸防治手术后恶心呕吐研究现状

总结国外针灸治疗手术后恶心呕吐的临床随机对照研究现状,为进一步的临床研究提供线索和思路。从有效性、优势、刺灸方法、最佳介入时机对近20年来国外针灸治疗手术后恶心呕吐的临床随机对照研究进行总结。结果表明,现代临床研究基本肯定了针灸在防治手术后恶心呕吐的临床疗效,进一步的研究应探索麻醉剂的类型、手术持续时间、手术的种类等是否是影响针刺疗效的因素之一,加强辨证论治对提高针灸疗效的研究和卫生经济学效益评估。     

针药结合治疗术后恶心呕吐疗效观察

[目的]比较单纯应用西药恩丹西酮和结合针刺内关穴治疗术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的效果.[方法]选择2006年3月-12月所有美国麻醉师学会评级(ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ)级择期行盆腹腔非胃肠道手术病例,于麻醉后手术前静注恩丹西酮4 mg,选取其中术后6 h内主诉恶心呕吐的患者85例,随机分为两组,Ⅰ组(n=42)给予静脉注射恩丹西酮4 mg同时针刺非穴位点,Ⅱ组(n=43)给予静脉注射恩丹西酮4 mg同时针刺双侧内关穴位点,观察两组的疗效.[结果]两组再次发作恶心呕吐的差异无统计学意义,但症状的分级差异有统计学意义,Ⅱ组低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05).[结论]恩丹西酮结合针刺治疗手术后恶心呕吐效果好于单纯应用恩丹西酮静脉注射,值得推广.     

Effects of three different doses of a fruit extract of Terminalia chebula on metabolic components of metabolic syndrome,in a rat model

There is documented evidence of the use of Terminalia chebula for various ailments in the Ayurvedic literature. The extract has been shown to possess glucose lowering activity and to improve insulin sensitivity in animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was carried out to study the dose response relationship of this extract in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Six groups of rats were fed a high fructose diet (HFD) for a period of 20 days to induce metabolic syndrome. Three doses of fruit extract of T. chebula 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were administered orally and pioglitazone 2.7 mg/kg was used as a positive control. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 20 and 40 from the tail vein. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using the tail cuff method and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done on the day of blood collection. Administration of HFD for 20 days significantly increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), SBP and the area under the curve of OGTT. On day 40 the FBG in the 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg group was 97.33 ± 5.82 (NS), 86.83 ± 5.08 (p = 0.038) and 85.67 ± 6.74 (p = 0.15), respectively. These results show that the fruit extract of T. chebula exerts a significant and dose‐dependent glucose lowering effect in the rat model of metabolic syndrome. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

灵芝乙醇提取物抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:探究灵芝乙醇提取物体内外抗肿瘤的活性。方法:体外实验:采用6种人肿瘤细胞系(胰腺癌SW1990、肺癌A549、宫颈癌Hela、肝癌Hep G2、胃癌MKN45、乳腺癌MCF-7),用灵芝乙醇提取物处理肿瘤细胞,观察细胞生长形态、绘制生长曲线、进行MTT实验及平板集落形成实验。体内实验:采用裸鼠胰腺癌SW1990移植瘤模型,以灵芝乙醇提取物50、100、150mg/kg剂量灌胃,计算瘤体积、抑瘤率及脏器系数。结果:体外实验:灵芝乙醇提取物对胰腺癌SW1990、肺癌A549、宫颈癌Hela、肝癌Hep G2、胃癌MKN45、乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的半数抑制率分别为96.62、44.21、78.66、117.60、44.34、73.28μg/ml。体内实验:70%灵芝提取物50、100、150mg/kg剂量组抑瘤率分别为37.2%、39.2%、43.9%。结论:体外实验表明灵芝乙醇提取物对上述6种肿瘤细胞均具有抑制增殖的作用,且浓度在40μg/ml以上时抑制增殖的作用较强。体内实验表明灵芝乙醇提取物能抑制胰腺癌SW1990生长。