垂直悬头位试验诊断良性阵发性位置性眩晕的意义

目的探讨垂直悬头位试验对良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)诊断的意义。方法回顾性分析324例BPPV患者的临床资料,所有患者均先行Dix-Hallpike试验和滚转试验,然后行垂直悬头位试验,并研究垂直悬头位试验诱发眩晕的患者的临床特征。结果 324例BPPV患者中,经Dix-Hallpike试验和滚转试验确诊为多半规管受累的BPPV 53例(16.36%,53/324)中合并垂直悬头位试验诱发眩晕的BPPV患者27例;单半规管BPPV271例(83.64%,271/324)中,通过Dix-Hallpike试验诱发眩晕及眼震或仅诱发眩晕的患者85例(26.23%,85/324),通过滚转试验诱发眩晕及眼震或仅诱发眩晕的患者120例(37.04%,120/324),而前两项试验阴性,通过垂直悬头位试验诱发眩晕及眼震或仅诱发眩晕的患者66例(20.37%,66/324),该66例患者沿矢状位快速翻转复位后随访1周和3个月,总有效率分别为86.36%(57/66)和83.33%(55/66)。结论垂直悬头位试验使本组BPPV患者的检出率提高了20.37%(66/324),其对上半规管BPPV的诊断有一定意义;对于Dix-Hallpike和滚转试验阴性但疑为BPPV的患者,应行垂直悬头位试验。     

正中悬头位Dix-Hallpike法诊断良性阵发性位置性眩晕

目的评价正中悬头位Dix-Hallpike诱发检查法在诊断后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV)中的意义。方法回顾性总结广东省人民医院耳鼻咽喉科眩晕门诊2008年4月1日到5月29日根据经典或者正中悬头位Dix-Hallpike法诊断为后半规管BPPV患者28例的临床资料,均首先进行正中悬头位Dix-Hallpike诱发试验,如结果为阴性后继续行经典Dix-Hallpike检测证实为后半规管性BPPV。比较正中悬头位Dix-Hallpike相对于经典Dix-Hallpike的阳性率。结果28例后半规管BPPV患者中,正中悬头位Dix-Hallpike诱发试验相对于经典Dix-Hallpike诱发实验的阳性率为78.57%(22/28)。结论正中悬头位Dix-Hallpike法诊断BPPV可以有效地简化诊治程序,并减轻部分患者诱发的眩晕及眼震强度,具有一定的临床意义。但由于其阳性率低于经典方法,故在临床上不能完全代替经典方法。     

水平半规管良性阵发位置性眩晕的诊治

目的 探讨水平半规管良性阵发位置性眩晕（horizontal canal benign paroxymal positional vertigo ,HC- BPPV)的诊治 方法。方法 回顾分析1996年7月－2000年3年间南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科诊治的9例HC－BPPV患者的临床资料。对所有患者全面采集病史,行纯音听阈测试和耳神经学检查,常规施行仰卧侧头位试验和Dix-Hallpike试验,并按Barbecue翻滚法行耳石复位治疗。结果 本病以头位改变所诱发的短暂旋转性眩晕为特征,常见诱发体位为床上翻身（9／9例）和转头（5／9例）。仰卧侧头位可诱发水平向地性眼震, 无潜伏期和疲劳性。采用Barbecue翻滚法治疗后全部患者症状立刻消失,随访4－15个月无复发。结论 根据典型表现和体位试验结果,可明确区分水平半规管性和后半规管性BPPV以 春他原因引起的 眩晕。Barbecue翻滚是治疗HC－BPPV有效的方法。     

水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕的诊断

目的探讨水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）的诊断。方法自2003年1月至2006年9月，本眩晕中心共确诊为水平半规管BPPV（HSC BPPV）患者46例。诊断依据为典型的病史及用红外视频眼震电图仪记录患者在Dix—Hallpike试验和滚转试验中的眼震结果，并排除其他疾病。研究HSC BPPV的眼震特点。结果441例诊断为BPPV患者中，46例（10．43％）为水平半规管BPPV。其中38例（82．61％）为单侧病变，5例（10．87％）患者合并同侧后半规管病变，3例（6．52％）为双侧病变。35例患者通过两种试验诱发出水平眼震，11例患者仅通过滚转试验诱发出水平眼震。25例患者眼震方向向地，13例患者眼震方向背地，3例患者眼震方向不固定，5例患者各种手法诱发出同一方向的眼震。29例患者在双侧手法中出现眼震，17例患者在一侧手法中出现眼震。结论HSC BPPV眼震为完全水平性且多为快相向地。通常受累耳在双侧手法中均可出现眼震，以向患侧为重。一侧水平半规管和后半规管可同时受累。滚转试验在HSC BPPV检查中比Dix—Hallpike试验更加敏感。Dix—Hallpike试验结合滚转试验可使更多的HSCBPPV患者得到确诊．     

继发性后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕的诊治

目的 探讨继发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的诊断和治疗。方法研究继发性后半规管BPPV的内耳疾病6例病历资料,诊断依据为病史及Dix-Hallpike试验诱导出现的眼震结果。结果 6例内耳疾病(分别为突发性聋3例, 梅尼埃病2例, 前庭神经元炎1例)伴有后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕被确诊,通过Dix-Hallpike试验诱发出垂直扭转型眼震。结论 继发性BPPV临床较少见,常为后半规管受累,通过Dix-Hallpike试验和Epley手法复位可以确诊和治愈。     

水平背地性眼震良性阵发性位置性眩晕的诊断和手法复位

目的：验证一种新的用于治疗水平背地性眼震良性阵发性位置性眩晕（apogeotropicHSC—BPPV）的手法复位方法。方法：该研究采取改良的SupineRollTest（M-RollTest）方法共诊断出l78例水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕（HSC-BPPV）患者,其中37例apogeotropicHSC—BPPV纳入该研究样本,占发病数的20．79％。采用管石重置手法先将37例apogeotropicHSC—BPPV患者水平背地性眼震转变为水平向地性眼震;此后,施行传统barbecue法进行手法复位。管石重置手法如下：①患者取仰卧头垫高30°体位静卧;②10min后头快速向患侧转90°;③2min后头向中线回旋45°;④保持体位2min后患者恢复仰卧头高30°体位;静卧10min后,采用M—RollTest检查验证患者是否出现双侧水平向地性眼震。如管石重置失败,重复以上手法多次,直至出现双侧水平向地性眼震为止。结果：36例双侧水平背地性眼震经水平背地性眼震管石重置手法全部转变为双侧不同强度的水平向地性眼震,其中,18例经1次,11例经2次,4例经3次,3例经4～6次。1例经1次管石重置手法后自觉症状减轻,再次行M—RollTest检查证明水平眼震消失,但Dix-hallpike手法复位检查出现同侧上跳性扭转性眼震,确诊为同侧后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕（PSC-BPPV）。该组管石重置成功率为为97．3％。36例HSC—BPPV患者经barbecue法手法复位全部一次性获得成功,1例PSC—BPPV患者经Eptey管石复位法一次性获得成功。结论：该研究设计的水平背地性管石重置手法是治疗apogeotropicHSC—BPPV的必要手段,简便易学、成功率高,患者舒适度好,相对依从性高。     

水平半规管良性阵发位置性眩晕的诊治

目的探讨水平半规管良性阵发位置性眩晕（horizontalcanalbenignparoxysmalpositionalvertigo,HC-BPPV）的诊治方法。方法回顾分析1996年7月～2000年3月间南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科诊治的9例HC-BPPV患者的临床资料。对所有患者全面采集病史,行纯音听阈测试和耳神经学检查,常规施行仰卧侧头位试验和Dix-Hallpike试验,并按Barbecue翻滚法行耳石复位治疗。结果本病以头位改变所诱发的短暂旋转性眩晕为特征,常见诱发体位为床上翻身（9/9例）和转头（5/9例）。仰卧侧头位试验可诱发水平向地性眼震,无潜伏期和疲劳性。采用Barbecue翻滚法治疗后全部患者症状立刻消失,随访4～15个月无复发。结论根据典型表现和体位试验结果,可明确区分水平半规管性和后半规管性BPPV以及其他原因引起的眩晕。Barbecue翻滚是治疗HC-BPPV有效的方法。     

上半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕诱发试验的研究

目的　探讨运用自主研制的SRM- IV良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal posit ional ver t igo,BPPV）诊疗系统在上半规管BPPV的诱发试验中的临床应用价值。方法　本研究中将367例高度怀疑BPPV患者随机分成两组,一组181例依序进行Dix-Hallpike试验及SRM-IV BPPV诊疗系统采用后半规管BPPV诱发试验和上半规管BPPV诱发试验检查,有20例被确诊为上半规管BPPV;另一组186例检查顺序相反,共有21例被确诊为上半规管BPPV,观察并记录该41例确诊为上半规管BPPV的每位患者每种体位下的特异性眼震,计算每种检查方法的检出率,并运用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果　Di x-Hal lpike试验中有26（63.4%）例患者诱发出典型垂直向下眼震;SRM-IV后半规管BPPV诱发试验中有28例（68.3%）患者诱发出典型垂直向下眼震;SRM-IV上半规管BPPV中有35例（85.4%）患者诱发出典型垂直向下眼震。Dix-Hallpike试验与SRM-IV后半规管BPPV诱发试验检出率的差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;SRM-IV上半规管BPPV诱发试验对上半规管BPPV检出率高于其余两种方法,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论　SRM-IV上半规管BPPV诱发试验对上半规管可产生有效的刺激,对诊断上半规管BPPV敏感性高,此方法应该在临床得到推广。     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕的眼震图研究

目的:探讨视频眼震图(VNG)在良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)中的应用价值。方法:回顾126例BPPV患者的VNG资料,分析总结各型BPPV在Dix-Hallpike和滚转试验中VNG上的眼震特点。结果:126例BPPV患者中,后半规管BPPV(PSC-BPPV)98例(77.8%),水平半规管BPPV(HSC-BPPV)17例(13.5%),前半规管BPPV(ASC-BPPV)5例(3.9%),混合型BPPV6例(4.8%);28例PSC-BPPV记录到反转相眼震。VNG上显示PSC和ASC管石症Dix-Hallpike悬头位垂直相眼震分别向上、向下,水平相眼震均向对侧,回到坐位时眼震反向。HSC-BPPV滚转试验向两侧转头均可诱发出眼震,眼震与转头方向相同时,可判断为HSC管石症,以能够诱发较强眼震的转头侧为患侧;眼震与转头方向相反时,则为HSC嵴顶结石症,以能够诱发较弱眼震的转头侧为患侧。结论:VNG能够客观地记录BPPV患者的眼震情况,准确判断耳石所在的半规管,并且保存了眼震数据资料,可以进一步指导临床实践,值得推广。     

位置性眩晕和向上性、双向性眼震

良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）是最常见的一种位置性眩晕，可能因后半规管（PSC）壶腹顶耳石或半规管耳石脱落引起。典型的PSC－BPPV眼震电图特点是巾一大的上跳性垂直眼震和一小的向上的水平性服震构成的非共轭性眼震。潜伏期短呈易疲劳性。阵发性位置性水平眼震同时伴有与BPPV相同的症状，可在有位置性眩晕的小部分病人中观察到。这种眼晨可能是外半规管BPPV的一种变型。该作者评定了9例在仰卧、头转向左或右均出现向上性眼震的BPPV患者。病人均经采集病史和详细的耳神经学检查。位置试验按Dix和HallPike法进行，病人均进行临…     

Persistent Direction-Fixed Nystagmus Following Canalith Repositioning Maneuver for Horizontal Canal BPPV: A Case of Canalith Jam

The authors report a 64-year-old man who developed persistent direction fixed nystagmus after a canalith repositioning maneuver for horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HC-BPPV). The patient was initially diagnosed with right HC-BPPV given that the Dix-Hallpike test showed geotropic horizontal nystagmus that was more pronounced on the right side, although the roll test did not show any positional nystagmus. The patient was treated with a canalith repositioning maneuver (Lempert maneuver). The next day, the patient experienced a different character of dizziness, and left-beating spontaneous nystagmus regardless of head position was observed. After a forced prolonged left decubitus and frequent head shaking, his symptoms and nystagmus resolved. This condition, referred to as canalith jam, can be a complication after the repositioning maneuver in patients with BPPV. Atypical positional tests suggest that abnormal canal anatomy could be the underlying cause of canalith jam.     

Side-lying as an alternative to the Dix-Hallpike test of the posterior canal.

OBJECTIVE: Limitations in passive or active range of motion preclude testing some patients suspected of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal (BPPV) with the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. The goal of this study was to determine if an alternative test, brisk side-lying with the nose turned 45 degrees away from the tested side, yields the same results as the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, within-groups. SETTING: Diagnostic laboratory at a tertiary care center. PATIENTS: The 61 patients, seen before their physicians had determined their diagnoses, were all referred by their physicians for objective diagnostic tests. All subjects complained of vertigo elicited by up or down rotations of the head or turning over in bed, often provocative positions for BPPV. METHODS: Results from the Dix-Hallpike maneuver and side-lying maneuver were compared. Group 1 was tested with the Dix-Hallpike maneuver followed up by side-lying; Group 2 was tested in reverse order. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Slow-phase eye velocity of nystagmus. RESULTS: With the groups collapsed to eliminate possible order effects, no significant differences were found between the tests. Significantly more subjects had no response to testing than minimal or stronger responses. CONCLUSIONS: Side-lying is a valid alternative test to the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, which could be useful when range-of-motion limitations or other problems preclude use of the Dix-Hallpike maneuver.     

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: 10-year experience in treating 592 patients with canalith repositioning procedure

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term efficacy of canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) in the treatment of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). BACKGROUND: Alternative theories for the pathophysiology of BPPV have been redefined in the past few years. CRP is considered to be the standard technique for its management. However, long-term follow-up results have been minimally reported in the literature. PATIENTS/METHODS: Five hundred ninety-two patients, 290 (49%) men and 302 (51%) women, were enrolled in this prospective study; their ages ranged from 18 to 84 (mean 59) years. At the time of their first examination, patients reported the duration of symptoms varied from 1 day to 18 months. Inclusion criteria were patient history compatible with BPPV and positive provocative maneuver (either Dix-Hallpike or Roll test). A variant of Epley and Barbeque maneuver was used. The Epley maneuver was used for posterior and anterior canal involvement, and "Barbeque roll" was used for horizontal canal involvement. Short-term follow-up was obtained 48 hours and 7 days after initial treatment, whereas long-term follow-up was obtained at repeated 6 month intervals. RESULTS: The posterior semicircular canal was involved in 521 (88%) patients treated, whereas the horizontal and anterior semicircular canals were involved in 59 (10%) and 12 (2%) patients, respectively. Symptoms subsided immediately in 497 (84%) patients. In 77 (13%) patients, the Dix-Hallpike maneuver remained positive after 48 hours, and CRP was performed again. Patients' mean follow-up was 46 months; 544 (92%) of 592 patients treated reported no symptoms of vertigo. CONCLUSION: Our data, based on long-term follow-up, suggest that CRP remains an efficient and long-lasting noninvasive treatment for BPPV.     

Treatment of benign positional vertigo using the semont maneuver: efficacy in patients presenting without nystagmus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of the Semont liberatory maneuver on "objective" benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) defined as vertigo with geotropic nystagmus in Dix-Hallpike positioning versus "subjective" BPPV defined as vertigo without nystagmus in Dix-Hallpike positioning. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: One hundred sixty-two patients with positional vertigo during Dix- Hallpike positioning were identified. Patients were evaluated for the presence or absence of nystagmus. All patients underwent the Semont liberatory maneuver. The patient's condition at follow-up was documented at 3 weeks as complete, partial, or failure. Repeated procedures were performed if necessary. RESULTS: There were 127 cases of objective BPPV and 35 cases of subjective BPPV. Overall, 90% of all patients tested had significant improvement of their vertigo after 1.49 maneuvers on average. Improvement was seen in 91% of patients with objective BPPV after 1.59 maneuvers on average, compared with 86% in subjective BPPV after 1.13 maneuvers on average (chi2 test, not significant [P = .5]). Patients with a history of traumatic origin or cause had an overall success rate of 81% compared with 92% for nontraumatic causes or origins (chi2 test, not significant [P = .1]). Recurrences were seen in 29% of patients after a successful initial maneuver; however, 96% of these patients responded to further maneuvers. Four patients with persistent symptoms after conservative management underwent posterior semicircular canal occlusion with resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION: The Semont liberatory maneuver provides relief of vertigo in patients with positional vertigo, even in patients without objective nystagmus.     

The Dix-Hallpike test and the canalith repositioning maneuver

The Dix-Hallpike test and the canalith repositioning maneuver (CRM) are used to diagnose and treat benign positional vertigo (BPV). Dix-Hallpike is the standard procedure for diagnosis of BPV, but if the horizontal canal is not tested for BPV and the Dix-Hallpike is only carried out once, the condition may not be diagnosed and appropriately treated. We describe our method of testing for BPV and treating it with CRM. The Dix-Hallpike test involves rapidly moving the patient from a sitting position to "head hanging," where the patient's head is at least 10 degrees below horizontal. This is performed initially for the posterior semicircular canals. If these movements fail to elicit vertigo and nystagmus, tests of the horizontal semicircular canals are performed by laying the patient on each side. Importantly, if there is no vertigo or nystagmus elicited by testing the horizontal semi-circular canals, the posterior semicircular canals are tested again. It appears that being held in the head hanging positions and then left and right lateral positions will often allow the canaliths to collect such that the Dix-Hallpike test will become positive. Failure to repeat the tests of the posterior semicircular canals may result in a falsely negative test. Testing the horizontal canals and repeating the Dix-Hallpike test will reduce the likelihood of patients undergoing extra testing or other consequences of misdiagnosis. If, during any of this testing, a movement elicits vertigo or nystagmus, the appropriate CRM is then carried out.     

Posterior semicircular canal type benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo with ageotropic paroxysmal positioning nystagmus

We report on 3 patients with typical benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (BPPV) and atypical, paroxysmal positioning nystagmus. When the Dix-Hallpike test was performed, the patients exhibited an ageotropic nystagmus, different from that classically described in posterior semicircular canal BPPV. It was torsional-vertical with the vertical component beating downwards, and the torsional component was beating away from the lowermost ear. In both left and right Dix-Hallpike positions, the upper poles of the eyes were turning away from the lowermost ear. The atypical ageotropic paroxysmal positional nystagmus of the posterior semicircular canal was observed in the evolution of the BPPV in 2 patients and on the first examination in the third. Two patients had changing patterns of paroxysmal positioning nystagmus.     

Clinical features of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Our understanding of the pathomechanism of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has improved dramatically. A type of BPPV featuring mixed torsional and vertical nystagmus induced by the Dix-Hallpike maneuver involves the posterior semicircular canal (P-BPPV). The other type of BPPV featuring horizontal nystagmus induced by spine-to-lateral head positioning involves the horizontal canal BPPV (H-BPPV). In complaints of vertigo or dizziness, 619 patients visited our department last year. Of these, 142 (23%) was had positional nystagmus consistent with a diagnosis of BPPV, 118 (19%) had no nystagmus but were suspected of BPPV due to vertigo episodes. BPPV was the most frequent diagnosis. H-BPPV was not rare, but accounted for 30% of BPPV. Of H-BPPV, 73% featured direction changing geotropic nystagmus, and 27% direction changing apogeotropic nystagmus. H-BPPV resolved faster than P-BPPV. Most cases caused by head trauma were P-BPPV. Transition between P- and H-BPPV was found in 6 cases. Women outnumbered men by about 3 to 2 in both P- and H-BPPV. Peak incidence was found in the those in their 60s and 70s, suggesting that the etiologies of both types of BPPV are essentially the same.     

Anterior Canal benign paroxysmal positional Vertigo following surgical Management of superior canal dehiscence

Objective

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common post-surgical finding in patients managed for superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD). The posterior semicircular canal has been reported as the involved canal in the majority of cases of post-surgical BPPV, with only two cases reported of lateral canal involvement. The objective of this report is to present a case in which an anterior semicircular canal BPPV response was identified in a patient following surgical management for SSCD.