Na2SO4、Na2S2O3和NaSCN水盐体系313.15 K相平衡

利用等温溶解平衡法测定了三元水盐体系Na₂SO₄-Na₂S₂O₃-H₂O、Na₂S₂O₃-NaSCN-H₂O及Na₂SO₄-NaSCN-H₂O在313.15 K时的固液相平衡数据,并结合X射线衍射确定相平衡时的固相,绘制了三元体系相图。3种体系在313.15 K时均无复盐或固溶体形成,属于简单共饱和体系。对应相图中均包含1个共饱和点、2个单盐结晶区和2条单变量曲线。在三元体系中,Na₂SO₄-Na₂S₂O₃-H₂O平衡固相分别为Na₂SO₄和Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O;Na₂S₂O₃-NaSCN-H₂O平衡固相分别为Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O和NaSCN;Na₂SO₄-NaSCN-H₂O的平衡固相分别为Na₂SO₄和NaSCN。结果表明,Na₂S₂O₃和NaSCN对Na₂SO₄有较强的盐析作用。     

盐酸小檗碱对甲状腺素性豚鼠心肌病心肌细胞中I Kr ， IKs和IK1的抑制作用

目的： 研究盐酸小檗碱(berberine,Ber)对甲状腺素性豚鼠心肌病中延迟整流外向钾电流中快激活成分(I _Kr )和慢激活成分(I _Ks )及内向整流电流(I _K1)的抑制作用。方法： 豚鼠腹腔注射L-甲状腺素造成心肌病后,分离单个心肌细胞,用全细胞膜片钳技术记录钾电流。结果： 在心肌病细胞的I _Kr ,I _Ks 和IK1电流密度均明显增大,Ber 30 mmol/L分别抑制心肌病细胞I _Kr 22.8%（+10 mV）和I _Ks 29.5%（+80 mV）,其对I _Ks 的阻断作用大于I _kr 。Ber 30 mmol/L也能阻断心肌病细胞I _K129.1%（+120 mV）,但不影响其反转电位。Ber(1~300 mmol/L）浓度依赖性地阻断心肌病细胞I _Kr 及I _Ks ,其IC₅₀分别为76 mmol/L和55.37 mmol/L。结论： 甲状腺素性心肌病中出现异常增大的I _Ks ,I _Kr 及I _{K1离子流,Ber有明显阻断作用。}     

Prognostic value of echocardiographic right/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Background  An echocardiographic right/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio (RV/LV ratio) ≥0.9 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Right ventricular dilation is a common characteristic of both acute pulmonary embolism and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). However, the prognostic value of the RV/LV ratio in patients with IPAH is unknown.

Methods  Ninety-five consecutive patients with newly diagnosed IPAH were included, 17 were re-evaluated by echocardiography after 3–12 months of targeted therapy. Follow-up data were obtained by telephone interviews and review of the patients’ records.

Results  Higher RV/LV ratios were associated with greater functional impairment. The RV/LV ratio was positively correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (r=0.549, P <0.001) and plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level (r=0.575, P <0.001), but negatively correlated with cardiac output (r= –0.517, P <0.001) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (r= –0.599, P <0.001). Twenty-seven patients died during follow-up period. Sensitivity and specificity of an RV/LV ratio ≥0.84 for predicting death were 85.2% and 51.5%, respectively. The RV/LV ratio and body mass index were independent predictors of death by multivariate Cox analysis (P <0.01). A baseline RV/LV ratio ≥0.84 or a further increase in the RV/LV ratio during targeted therapy indicated a poor prognosis (P <0.01).  

Conclusion  The RV/LV ratio helps to assess the severity of IPAH and may serve as an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with IPAH.

     

月季花化学成分的研究

目的 研究蔷薇科植物月季Rosa chinensis干燥花的化学成分。方法 月季花95%乙醇提取物,浓缩后用水混悬,依次用石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,取醋酸乙酯层和正丁醇层分别经硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、反相C₁₈柱色谱等分离纯化,利用理化性质和波谱学数据鉴定化合物结构。结果 分离得到了14个化合物,均为酚酸和黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为琥珀酸（1）、琥珀酸甲酯（2）、没食子酸乙酯（3）、原儿茶酸（4）、香草酸（5）、莽草酸（6）、没食子酸甲酯-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（7）、苯甲基6′-O-没食子酸基-β-D-葡萄糖苷（8）、苯乙基 6′-O-没食子酸基-β-D-葡萄糖苷（9）、邻苯二酚（10）、金丝桃苷（11）、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷（12）、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（13）、乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（14）。结论 14个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

纳米SiO2及磁性γ-Fe2O3@SiO2对Hg2+的吸附及去除

首先用微乳法合成了纳米SiO₂和纳米γ-Fe₂O₃,然后利用传统的St ber方法合成出核壳结构的γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂,并利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）对其进行了表征。采用双硫腙光度法在551 nm处,测定了Hg²⁺在纳米SiO₂、纳米γ-Fe₂O₃和γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂表面的吸附等温线,发现三者的吸附等温线类型依次为Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅰ型,等温线类型与纳米材料的分散性、表面硅羟基、离子空位以及磁性有关。利用双吸附等温线法、准一级和准二级动力学模型对吸附数据进行拟合得出：纳米SiO₂和γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂对Hg²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,而纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对Hg²⁺的吸附符合Freundlich等温式。三者对Hg²⁺的去除率均与pH有关,均属于准二级动力学模型。     

Depression, anxiety and influencing factors in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Background  Psychological distress has been widely studied in many cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, but the condition in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate levels of depression and anxiety and their influencing factors in APE patients. 

Methods  Sixty consecutive patients with APE were subjected to investigation of depression and anxiety by the Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and 60 community-based subjects were enrolled as controls. APE patients were stratified as high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk according to the disease severity. Scores of depression and anxiety were compared by statistical analysis using paired t tests between APE patients and controls, and by analysis of variance within the APE patients with the three risk stratification. Factors influencing depression and anxiety were evaluated. 

Results  The mean age of the patients (38 males and 22 females) was (52±12) years. APE patients displayed higher scores of depression (P=0.04) and anxiety (P=0.001) compared with controls. Patients in the high-risk group displayed higher scores of depression (P=0.004) and anxiety (P=0.001) compared with those in the intermediate- and low-risk groups. Depression scores were highly correlated with anxiety scores (r=0.60, P <0.001). Both depression and anxiety inversely related to risk stratification (P <0.01), age (P <0.05), and arterial blood oxygen pressure (PaO₂) (P <0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that PaO₂ was independently inversely related to both depression (P <0.01) and anxiety (P <0.05); risk stratification and age were independently inversely related to anxiety (P <0.05).  

Conclusions  Patients of APE suffered high levels of depression and anxiety, which were negatively influenced by PaO₂, risk stratification and age.  

     

Distribution of the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis in Shiqu County, Sichuan, China

Background  The rodentia and lagomorpha animals are the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis, their distribution and infection of this parasite may facilitate the infection of definitive hosts such as dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis in Shiqu County, Sichuan, China.

Methods    A systematic sampling method was used to investigate the density of burrows of rodents and lagomorphs at 97 pasture sites in winter and summer pastureland and remote sensing (RS) technology was used to correlate their densities to the distribution of these animals in different landscape types.

Results  Based on the densities of Ochotona curzoniae, Microtus fuscus (dependent variable) and their burrow densities (independent variable) in survey points, regression equations were fitted respectively (Ochotona curzoniae, P <0.0001, R²=0.8705; Microtus fuscus, P <0.0001, R²=0.9736). Their burrow density in summer pastureland was higher than in winter pastureland (F=36.65, P <0.0001). The burrow densities of Ochotona curzoniae and Microtus fuscus in bareland and half-bareland are higher than in grassland (F=7.73, P <0.001).

Conclusions  The regression relationship between the densities of Ochotona curzoniae and Microtus fuscus and their burrow densities indicate that the burrow densities could reflect the animal densities and that the burrow density was greater in summer pastureland than in winter pastureland. The main distribution areas of the intermediate hosts were in bareland and half-bareland.

     

The effects of paeoniflorin monomer of a Chinese herb on cardiac ion channels

Background  Because of the potential proarrhythmic effect of current antiarrhythmic drugs, it is still desirable to find safer antiarrhythmic drugs worldwide. Paeoniflorin is one of the Chinese herb monomers that have different effects on many ion channels. The present study aimed to determine the effects of paeoniflorin on cardiac ion channels.

Methods  Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record ion channel currents. L-type calcium current (I_Ca-L), inward rectifier potassium current (I_K1), and transient outward potassium current (I_to1) were studied in rat ventricular myocytes and sodium current (I_Na), slow delayed rectifier current (I_Ks), and HERG current (I_Kr) were investigated in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells.

Results  One hundred μmol/L paeoniflorin reduced the peak I_Ca-L by 40.29% at the test potential of +10 mV (from (–9.78±0.52) pA/pF to (–5.84±0.89) pA/pF, n=5, P=0.028). The steady-state activation curve was shifted to more positive potential in the presence of the drug. The half activation potentials were (–11.22±0.27) mV vs. (–5.95±0.84) mV (n=5, P=0.007), respectively. However, the steady-state inactivation and the time course of recovery from inactivation were not changed. One hundred μmol/L paeoniflorin completely inhibited the peak I_Na and the effect was reversible. Moreover, paeoniflorin inhibited the I_K1 by 30.13% at the test potential of –100 mV (from (–25.26±8.21) pA/pF to (–17.65±6.52) pA/pF, n=6, P=0.015) without effects on the reversal potential and the rectification property. By contrast, 100 μmol/L paeoniflorin had no effects on I_to1, I_Ks or I_Kr channels.

Conclusions  The study demonstrated that paeoniflorin blocked I_Ca-L, I_Na, and I_K1 without affecting I_to1, I_Ks, or I_Kr. The multi-channel block effect may account for its antiarrhythmic effects with less proarrhythmic potential.

     

《白求恩军医学院学报》2005年(第3卷)主要栏目文题索引

实验研究 缩窄下腔静脉对猪肝脏血流动力学的影响 ···············……冯洪强刘天鹤孙富国等(1:3) 超氧化物歧化酶在大鼠免疫性肝损伤中的作用 ···············……庄甲举王志玲王憬等(1:7) 2-0H Saclofen对慢性应激大鼠心血管功能的影响 ···············……金玉祥程淡刘爱国等(1:10) 制作马拉色菌系统性感染小鼠动物模型探索 ··················……李小红黄凯于建斌(1:12) L一NNA对肾神经传入的内脏一减压反应的影响 ..........................····……耿进霞赵…     

杨梅叶降血糖有效部位的化学成分研究

目的 研究杨梅Myrica rubra叶降血糖有效部位的化学成分。方法 采用柱色谱和薄层色谱分离杨梅叶有效部位中的化学成分;用IR、ESI-MS、¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR等波谱技术鉴定结构。结果 分离并鉴定了6个化合物,分别为山柰酚（1）、槲皮素（2）、杨梅素（3）、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（4）、杨梅苷（5）和杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（6）。结论 首次报道杨梅叶降血糖有效部位的化学成分。     

《实验动物与比较医学》第25卷第1～4期总目次

·主编寄语· 抚前瞻后，大力发展我国比较医学—写于本刊更名之际··························，····································……刘瑞三(67) ·学者论坛· 对中闺实验动物科学事业儿个问题的浅见(续).·································································……徐兆光，刘瑞三(3) 如何开展外科比较医学研究·····，····························…     

丁腈橡胶/硫酸铁配位交联复合材料的制备与表征

采用溶液球磨法制备了丁腈橡胶（NBR）/硫酸铁（Fe₂（SO₄）₃）复合材料,Fe₂（SO₄）₃颗粒的平均粒径由10.23 μm降低到1.13 μm,粒径大小分布变窄。电子顺磁共振谱（ESR）以及X射线光电子能谱分析（XPS）证明了丁腈橡胶中的-CN与Fe₂（SO₄）₃中的Fe³⁺发生了配位反应。随着Fe₂（SO₄）₃添加量的增加,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度（T_g）与交联密度逐渐增加。当Fe₂（SO₄）₃添加量为15 phr （每100份基体中的填料份数）时,NBR/Fe₂（SO₄）₃复合材料综合力学性能最好,复合材料的拉伸强度比纯NBR的拉伸强度提高了约12.8倍。采用溶液球磨法制备出的NBR/Fe₂（SO₄）₃复合材料的交联密度、拉伸强度、硬度、回弹性、伸张疲劳系数以及耐老化性能均高于干法制备的NBR/Fe₂（SO₄）₃复合材料的相应值。     

18F-FDG PET-CT与乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效中的关联性分析

目的 本研究旨在探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT与乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的关联性。方法 2014年1月~2015年12月,收集笔者医院收治的行新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者98例。前瞻性分析¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT与乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的关联性。结果 与病理无效组相比,病理有效组患者SUV_max0显著增加（9.54±3.11 vs 6.12±3.21,P=0.015）;SUV_max1变化率显著增加（53%±17% vs 29%±11%,P=0.000）;SUV_max2变化率显著增加（61%±21% vs 34%±12%,P=0.000）。与未pCR组相比,pCR组患者SUV_max0显著增加（10.54±4.11 vs 5.87±2.21,P=0.000）;SUV_max1变化率显著增加（57%±17% vs 28%±10%,P=0.000）;SUV_max2变化率显著增加（64%±23% vs 33%±11%,P=0.000）。结论 ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT可作为评价乳腺癌新辅助化疗效果的一种影像学方式,值得临床进一步推广。     

鬼箭羽中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的 对鬼箭羽Euonymus alatus中的黄酮类成分进行研究。方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果 分离并鉴定了13个化合物,其中二氢黄酮及其苷类4个：柚皮素（1）、香橙素（2）、二氢槲皮素（3）、橙皮苷（4）;黄酮及其苷类8个：山柰酚（5）、槲皮素（6）、山柰酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（7）、山柰酚-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（8）、槲皮素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（9）、金丝桃苷（10）、山柰酚-3, 7-二-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（11）、槲皮素-3, 7-二-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（12）;黄烷酮醇类1个：去氢双儿茶素A（13）。结论 化合物3、7～9、11、12为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Nb2O5掺杂对SrTiO3陶瓷显微结构和微波介电损耗的影响

采用无压烧结工艺制备了Nb₂O₅掺杂SrTiO₃陶瓷,研究了Nb₂O₅掺杂量对SrTiO₃陶瓷相组成、显微结构和微波介电损耗的影响。结果表明：Nb₂O₅掺杂对SrTiO₃陶瓷的相结构没有产生明显的影响,但会在一定程度上阻碍样品的致密化,同时促进晶粒的生长。随着Nb₂O₅掺杂量的增加,SrTiO₃陶瓷的介电常数从296逐渐下降至230左右,温度系数从1.714×10^-3℃^-1逐渐下降至1.629×10^-3℃^-1,Q×f值则先急剧升高,之后又慢慢下降。当Nb₂O₅掺杂量为0.15%（质量分数,下同）时,SrTiO₃陶瓷样品的介电损耗最低,Q×f可达6 281 GHz,大约是纯SrTiO₃（1 145 GHz）陶瓷样品的5.5倍（此时介电常数约为270,温度系数约为1.684×10^-3℃^-1）。此外,对材料显微结构、介电常数、温度系数特别是介电损耗变化的原因进行了分析。     

繖序臭黄荆化学成分研究

目的 研究繖序臭黄荆Premna serratifolia的化学成分。 方法 采用多种色谱方法分离纯化,利用物理化学性质和波谱方法进行结构鉴定。结果 从繖序臭黄荆地上部分的乙醇提取物中分离得到9个化合物：分别鉴定为西藏胡黄连新D piscrocin D（1）、β-蜕皮激素（2）、芫花素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（3）、槲皮素（4）、2-hexylidene-3-methylsuccinic acid（5）、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷（6）、5, 7, 3′-三羟基-4′-甲氧基黄酮（7）、全缘漏芦甾酮A 20, 22-丙酮化物（8）、10-O-（E）-p-coumaroylcatalpol（9）。结论 化合物1～9均首次从繖序臭黄荆中分离得到。     

80例正常人体表标测Q-Tdp的观察

采用91导联体表电位标测法(BSPM)观察80例正常人Q-T_d^p(Q波起点到T波峰值间期的离散度),与同步12导联心电图Q-T离散度(Q-T_d)对照,探讨BSPM条件下测定Q-T_d的可行性。结果：① Q-T^p、Q-T_d^p、Q-T_c1d^p(Bazzett公式校正)、Q-T_c2d^p(Fridercia公式校正)分别为(292.69±37.75) ms、(36.77±7.40) ms、(40.23±9.04) ms和(40.11±7.73) ms;②Q-T_d^p与Q-T_d、Q-T_c1d^p与Q-T_c1d、Q-T_c2d^p与Q-T_c2d有良好的相关性;③3个年龄组(18～35岁、36～60岁、61～70岁)各参数间无显著性差异;④Q-T^p女性明显大于男性(P<0.05),其余各值男女性之间均无显著性差异。提示：BSPM测定 Q-T_d^p简便可行、较为准确,正常值可暂定为52 ms。     

斑马鱼uba6和uba7突变体的构建与鉴定

目的 构建斑马鱼uba6和uba7突变体。方法 运用TALEN技术在斑马鱼uba6和uba7基因编码区引进突变,并测序鉴定突变类型。结果 成功获得了两种突变类型的uba6和三种突变类型的uba7斑马鱼突变体。结论 成功构建了斑马鱼uba6和uba7突变体,为进一步研究斑马鱼uba6和uba7基因的功能提供了材料。     

星点设计-效应面法优选参芪消岩颗粒渗漉提取工艺

目的 采用星点设计-效应面法,优选参芪消岩颗粒的乙醇渗漉提取工艺条件。方法 以乙醇体积分数（X₁）、乙醇用量（X₂）和渗漉速度（X₃）为考察因素,姜黄素提取率（Y₁）和干膏得率（Y₂）为考察指标,采用多元线性回归、二次及三次多项式拟合建立考察指标与考察因素之间的数学关系,根据最佳数学模型描绘效应面,再根据效应面优选最佳条件。结果 多元二项式模拟的模型最佳：Y₁＝70.54＋12.62 X₁＋0.61 X₂－0.052 X₃＋0.32 X₁X₂－0.52 X₁X₃－1.12 X₂X₃－5.35 X₁²－0.28 X₂²＋0.40 X₃²（r₁＝0.873 5,P＜0.01）,Y₂＝8.46－1.00 X₁＋0.47 X₂－0.18 X₃＋0.098 X₁X₂＋0.24 X₁X₃－0.21 X₂X₃－0.32 X₁²＋0.17 X₂²－0.081 X₃²（r₂＝0.935 3,P＜0.01）,姜黄素提取率和干膏得率理论预测值与实测值偏差较小。最优提取工艺为16倍量80%乙醇,渗漉速度13 mL/(min?kg),姜黄素提取率78.82%,干膏得率8.35%。结论 建立的模型可较好地描述该实验中因素与指标的关系,具有良好的预测性。     

鼻咽癌中PCDH17基因启动子甲基化状态的研究

目的 研究穿心莲Andrographis paniculata的化学成分。方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、反相制备色谱等技术进行分离,并根据理化性质和波谱学手段对分得的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果 分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为穿心莲酸（1）、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸丁酯（2）、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸乙酯（3）、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷（4）、金合欢素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷（5）、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷（6）、异高黄芩素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷（7）、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（8）、6-C-β-D-葡萄糖-8-C-β-D-半乳糖芹菜素（9）、绿原酸（10）。结论 化合物2～7、9、10为首次从穿心莲属植物中分离得到。