氨磺必利替换奥氮平治疗对伴有代谢综合征精神分裂症患者的影响

目的:观察氨磺必利替换奥氮平治疗对伴有代谢综合征精神分裂症患者的影响。方法:92例奥氮平治疗伴代谢综合征的精神分裂症患者随机分为氨磺必利组(治疗组)及奥氮平组(对照组)各46例。治疗组在2周内将奥氮平换为氨磺必利,对照组维持奥氮平治疗,观察12周。入组时及第6、12周末测量腰围、血压、体质量指数(BMI)及空腹血糖(FBS)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、三酰甘油(TG)水平。应用阳性和阴性症状评定量表(PANSS)和治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)进行疗效和安全性评定。结果:治疗12周末,治疗组腰围、收缩压、BMI、TG、FBS均显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),两组PANSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而TESS评分治疗组低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:氨磺必利替换奥氮平治疗对精神分裂症患者体质量增加及代谢综合征有显著改善作用。     

氨磺必利与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症疗效对比观察

目的评价氨磺必利与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的临床疗效及安全性。方法将68例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为氨磺必利组和奥氮平组,分别治疗8周,采用阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）、治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果氨磺必利组显效率（70.6%）、有效率（76.5%）与奥氮平组显效率（91.2%）、有效率（94.1%）差异无统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）。两组患者治疗后各时点PANSS总分及各因子分与治疗前比较均降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。震颤方面氨磺必利组发生率高于奥氮平组（P〈0.05）;嗜睡、肝功异常、体质量增加等方面氨磺必利组发生率均低于奥氮平组（P〈0.01）。结论氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症与奥氮平疗效相当,不良反应轻,依从性好,值得临床推广。     

氨磺必利与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症首次发病患者的对照研究

目的:比较氨磺必利和奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效和安全性。方法:将62例精神分裂症首次发病患者随机分为氨磺必利组和奥氮平组治疗8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)于治疗前后评定疗效,并观察不良反应。结果:治疗8周两组PANSS总分减分及一般病理学减分比较差异无统计学意义;氨磺必利组PANSS阴性症状减分明显高于奥氮平组,奥氮平组PANSS阳性症状减分显著高于氨磺必利组(P均0.05)。氨磺必利组和奥氮平组总有效率分别为93.5%和96.8%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。奥氮平组体质量增加、镇静嗜睡和血糖升高发生率明显高于氨磺必利组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症的疗效与奥氮平相当,但不良反应相对较少。     

氨磺必利与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的随机对照研究

目的 比较氨磺必利与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效与安全性.方法 将80例精神分裂症患者,随机分为氨磺必利组和奥氮平组,各40例,疗程8周.采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、临床疗效总评量表(CG1)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)分别评定疗效和不良反应.结果 经过8周治疗,氨磺必利组和奥氮平组显效率分别为65.8％和71.8％,两组疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后第8周末氨磺必利组阴性症状分较奥氮平组减少更显著(P＜0.05).安全性方面,氨磺必利组、奥氮平组不良反应总发生率分别为44.7％(17/38)和53.8％(21/39),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).氨磺必利组泌乳或月经紊乱发生率高于奥氯平组(P＜0.05),奥氮平组便秘和体重增加发生率高于氨磺必利组(P＜0.05).其他不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 氨磺必利和奥氮平对精神分裂症的疗效相当,不良反应轻,值得临床应用.     

氨磺必利与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的对照研究

目的比较氨磺必利与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法按就诊先后顺序将首发精神分裂症患者分为研究组和对照组,分别给予氨磺必利和利培酮治疗8周。于治疗前及治疗后第4、8周末采用阳性与阴性综合征量表（PANSS）评定患者的疗效,以治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表（TESS）评定患者的不良反应。结果治疗后第4、8周末,两组PANSS量表总分及分量表评分较治疗前均有显著降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;研究组有效率93．8％,显效率71．9％;对照组有效率为90．6％,显效率68．8％,两组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。研究组和对照组药物不良反应均较少。结论氨磺必利是一种安全有效的抗精神病药物,对治疗首发精神分裂症疗效与利培酮相当。     

氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的对照研究

目的探讨氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的效果。方法采用随机数字表法将符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版》(CCMD-3)精神分裂症诊断标准的72例精神分裂症患者分为氨磺必利组(研究组)和利培酮组(对照组)各36例,观察8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果经8周治疗,两组PANSS总分均较治疗前低(P均0.01)。氨磺必利组与利培酮组有效率分别为88.9%和86.1%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但氨磺必利组阴性症状评分减分与利培酮组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗结束时两组TESS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氨磺必利对精神分裂症阳性症状的疗效与利培酮相当,而对精神分裂症的阴性症状的疗效优于利培酮。     

氨磺必利与奥氮平对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响

目的:探讨氨磺必利与奥氮平对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法:80例首发精神分裂症患者按入组顺序随机分为氨磺必利组及奥氮平组各40例,分别给予氨磺必利和奥氮平治疗8周。在治疗前及治疗8周末分别采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、MATRICS公认认知功能成套测验共识版(MCCB)评定疗效及认知功能。结果:治疗后氨磺必利组和奥氮平组PANSS总分及各项评分较治疗前显著下降(P均0. 01);两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。氨磺必利组MCCB的语义流畅(t=-2. 728)、连线测验(t=2. 535)、数字序列(t=-3. 557)、空间广度(t=-2. 550)、言语记忆(t=-4. 378)、视觉记忆(t=2. 236)、情绪管理(t=-4. 701)测验成绩、奥氮平组MCCB的语义流畅(t=-3. 016)、数字序列(t=-2. 613)、空间广度(t=-4. 332)测验成绩与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义(P均0. 05);两组间相比,氨磺必利组在言语记忆(F=9. 763)、视觉记忆(F=5. 285)及情绪管理(F=7. 960)评分优于奥氮平组(P均0. 05)。结论:氨磺必利与奥氮平对首发精神分裂症疗效相当,对认知功能均有改善作用,氨磺必利较奥氮平改善的领域更广。     

氨磺必利对急性期精神分裂症疗效观察

目的探讨氨磺必利对急性期精神分裂症的临床疗效。方法 86例急性期精神分裂症患者按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各43例,试验组口服氨磺必利片;对照组口服奥氮平片,6周为1个疗程,比较两组患者临床疗效及安全性。结果两组患者疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗期间各时段PANSS阳性因子、阴性因子、总分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组治疗期间血糖、总胆固醇波动较试验组明显,试验组治疗期间QTc逐渐升高(P0.05)。试验组椎体外系反应、嗜睡、肝功能异常不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论氨磺必利与奥氮平对急性精神分裂症疗效相当,且氨磺必利对血糖、血脂影响更小,安全性较高。但氨磺必利对QT期的延长作用影响较为明显,用药期间需要对心电图进行持续监测。     

氨磺必利与喹硫平治疗首发精神分裂症的对照研究

目的探讨氨磺必利治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法将60例符合国际疾病分类第10版（ICD-10）精神分裂症诊断标准的患者随机分为氨磺必利组与喹硫平组,于治疗前及治疗2、4、6周末进行阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定,并观察不良反应。结果氨磺必利组与喹硫平组比较,有效率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,两组不良反应均较少。结论氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症安全有效。     

氨磺必利联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗首发精神分裂症的随机对照研究

目的探讨氨磺必利合并重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)治疗精神分裂症的效果。方法采用随机数字表法将符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症诊断标准的88例首发精神分裂症患者分为研究组和对照组各44例,研究组采用氨磺必利联合重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗,对照组单用氨磺必利治疗,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)于治疗前及治疗后第2、4、6、8周评定疗效,采用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果经8周治疗,两组PANSS总评分均较治疗前低(P均0.01)。研究组与对照组有效率分别为88.6%和81.8%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但研究组阴性症状评分减分与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗结束时两组TESS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氨磺必利合并r TMS对首发精神分裂症阳性症状的疗效与单用氨磺必利相当,而对首发精神分裂症的阴性症状的疗效优于单用氨磺必利,两组不良反应相当。     

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore on expression of insulin-like growth factor-1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and neuronal apoptosis in the epileptic rat brain*★

BACKGROUND：It has been reported that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, a very well known Chinese traditional medicine, can affect immunoregulation, free radical scavenging, and anti-hypoxia responses. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）, nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and neuronal apoptosis in rats with pentylenetetrazol （PTZ）-induced epilepsy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cellular and molecular biology experiment with randomized controlled study design was performed at the Central Laboratory of Basic Medical College of Jiamusi University from June to August 2005. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, adult, male, Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups （10 rats per group）： control, epilepsy model, and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. A sub-eclampsia PTZ dose （35 mg/kg） was intraperitoneally injected to induce epilepsy in the latter two groups. Wild Ganoderma lucidum spore powder （30 g/L） was provided by the wild Ganoderma lucidum plant nursery at Jiamusi, China. Immunohistochemical detection and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediate dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL） kits were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd., China. METHODS： Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was intragastrically administered at a dose of 10.0 mL/kg, once a day for 28 days. In the epilepsy and control groups, an equivalent volume of normal saline was intragastrically administered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunoreactivity for IGF-1 and NF-κB/P65 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Neuronal apoptosis was detected using TUNEL methods. RESULTS： The hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats with PTZ-induced epilepsy exhibited a higher number of apoptotic cells at high magnification （×400）, compared with the control group. Expression of IGF-1 and NF-κB were higher in the epilepsy group, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. In Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated rats,     

早年创伤对认知功能影响的研究进展

早年创伤是一个全球普遍存在的问题,严重影响儿童、青少年的大脑发育,继而导致认知功能、人格水平、社会行为的改变。早年创伤主要是父母、监护人或其他年长者对孩子施加躯体虐待、躯体忽视、情感虐待、情感忽视或性虐待。美国一项调查显示：儿童虐待事件的发生率高达1．2％[1]。早年创伤影响认知功能的多个领域,包括学习／工作记忆、视觉空间能力、执行功能、言语智能、复杂推理搜决策、学业表现等比]。创伤造成的认知功能改变是目前国内外神经科学和精神医学领域研究的热点,但其发病机制仍不明确,鉴于早年创伤与认知功能的关系问题,现就早年创伤对大脑发育、神经认知的影响加以综述。     

Effect of bilobalide B on cholinergic hippocampal neurons exposed to cholesterol and apolipoprotein E4*☆

BACKGROUND： Extracts of ginkgo biloba leaves have been reported to improve nerve function and activity in Alzheimer＇s disease, which is associated with reduced secretion of cholinergic neurotransmitter in hippocampal neurons. OBJECTIVE： To validate the protective effect of bilobalide B against in vitro injury of cholinergic neurons of the hippocampus induced by combined cholesterol and apoE4 DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed in the Pathology Laboratory, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2003 to July 2006. MATERIALS： Neonatal Wistar rats, 1-day-old, both male and female, and mean body mass of 5 g were selected for this study. Cholesterol and apolipoprotein E4 （apoE4） were purchased from Sigma Company （USA）, bilobalide B was purchased from Tianjin Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Factory, batch number 20050312. METHODS： Hippocampal neurons were divided into three groups： a normal control group （routinely added media）, a model group （exposed to media containing 40 mg/L cholesterol and 30 mg/L apoE4 for 24 hours） and a bilobalide B group （exposed to media containing 160 mg/L bilobalide B for 16 hours, and then with addition of 40 mg/L cholesterol and 30 mg/L apoE4 for an additional 24 hours）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Levels of acetylcholine （ACh） and activity of acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） and choline acetyltransferase （CHAT） in hippocampal neurons were determined by microdosage hydroxylamine colorimetry, hydroxylamine colorimetry and radiological chemistry, respectively. RESULTS： The ACh level was significantly lower in the model group than that in the normal control group （P 〈 0.01）, while it was markedly higher in the bilobalide B group than in the model group （P 〈 0.05）. Activity of AChE was significantly decreased in the model group compared with the normal control group （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was no significant difference between the model group and the bilobalide B group ?     

Effects of realgar on stress proteins, inflammatory mediators, and complement in brain tissue and serum of rats with inflammatory brain injury*☆

BACKGROUND：The Chinese herbal compound realgar exerts detoxification effects as an adjuvant. It is suggested that realgar exerts detoxification via the following pathways： in the pathological state, realgar corrects the oxidative stress state by increasing stress levels, activating some endogenous protective factors and antagonizing the excessive release of inflammatory factors, as well as inhibiting complement activation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the changes in stress proteins, inflammatory mediators, and complement in the brain tissue and serum of rats with inflammatory brain injury, which have been treated with the Chinese herbal compound Angong Niuhuang, and to compare the efficacy of Angong Niuhuang with that of realgar, to verify the mechanism of action of realgar. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, cytological experiment, performed in the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in March 2006. MATERIALS： Thirty-six healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats received 250 U/kg Bordetella pertussis via the common carotid artery within 15 seconds to induce inflammatory brain injury. Reagents and kits were as follows： Realgar and Angong Niuhuang powder （Foshan Second Pharmaceutical Factory, China）, Bordetella pertussis diagnostic antigen （National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, China）, heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit （Stressgen, USA）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） ELISA kit （Biosource, USA）, nitric oxide synthase （NOS） kit, Coomassie brilliant blue protein kit （Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Co.,Ltd., China）, and complements C3 and C4 （Shanghai Kehua Dongling Diagnositic Products Co.,Ltd., China）. METHODS： Thirty-six rats were randomly and evenly divided into the following six groups： normal control, model, high-, middle-, and low-dose realgar-treated, and Angong Niuhuang-treated groups. At one hour prior to establish     

Differential cognitive responses to guqin music and piano music in Chinese subjects： an event-related potential study

Objective To compare the cognitive effects of guqin （the oldest Chinese instrument） music and piano music. Methods Behavioral and event-related potential （ERP） data in a standard two-stimulus auditory oddball task were recorded and analyzed. Results This study replicated the previous results of culture-familiar music effect on Chinese subjects： the greater P300 amplitude in frontal areas in a culture-familiar music environment. At the same time, the difference between guqin music and piano music was observed in NI and later positive complex （LPC： including P300 and P500）： a relatively higher participation of right anterior-temporal areas in Chinese subjects. Conclusion The results suggest that the special features of ERP responses to guqin music are the outcome of Chinese tonal language environments given the similarity between Guqin＇s tones and Mandarin lexical tones.     

Naoxintong dose effects on inflammatory factor expression in the rat brain following focal cerebral ischemia

BACKGROUND： Certain components of tetramethylpyrazine, a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibit protective effects against brain injury. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of different Naoxintong doses on expression of nuclear factor-kappa B （ kB）, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 3 in rats following focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2004 to June 2006. MATERIALS： A total of 150 adult, healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 280-320g, were selected. Naoxintong powder （mainly comprising szechwan lovage rhizome, milkvetch root, danshen root, and radix angelicae sinensis） was obtained from Buchang Pharmacy Co., Ltd. in Xianyang City of Shanxi Province of China, lot number 040608. METHODS： The rats were randomly assigned into sham operation, saline, high-dose Naoxintong, moderate-dose Naoxintong, and low-dose Naoxintong groups, with 30 rats in each group. Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were established using the suture method, with the exception of the sham operation group. Rats in the high-dose, moderate-dose and low-dose Naoxintong groups received 4, 2, and 1 g/kg Naoxintong respectively, by gavage. Rats in the saline group were treated with 1 mL saline by gavage All rats were administered by gavage at 5 and 23 hours following surgery, and subsequently, once per day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 6, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 days following model establishment, brain water content was measured. Histopathological changes in brain tissues were detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of nuclear factor- kB, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor- α, and complement 3 was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： A total of 150 rats were included in the final analysis with no loss. Brain water content was significantly increased in the ischemic hemisphere of rats from the saline, as well as the high-dose, mo     

Influence of Ginkgo Biloba extract on beta-secretase in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures following chronic hypoxic and hypoglycemic conditions

BACKGROUND： Preparation of Ginkgo leaf has been widely used to improve cognitive deficits and dementia, in particular in Alzheirner＇s disease patients. However, the precise mechanism of action of Ginkgo leaf remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of Ginkgo Biloba extract （Egb761）, Ginaton, on β -secretase expression in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures following chronic hypoxic and hypoglycemic conditions. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTNG： Completely by randomized, grouping study. The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Southeast University between August 2006 and August 2007. MATERIALS： A total of 128 Wistar rats aged 24 hours were selected, and hippocampal neurons were harvested for primary cultures. METHODS： On day 7, primary hippocampal neuronal cultures were treated with Egb761 （0, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200μg/mL） under hypoxic/hypoglycemic or hypoglycemic culture conditions for 12, 24, and 36 hours, respectively. Hippocampal neurons cultured in primary culture medium served as control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cell viability was assayed using 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT）; fluorescence detection of β -secretase activity was performed; Western Blot was used to measure β -secretase expression. RESULTS： Cell viability under hypoxic/hypoglycemic or hypoglycemic culture conditions was significantly less than control cells （P 〈 0.05）. Under hypoxic/hypoglycemic or hypoglycemic culture conditions, treatment with 25 μg/mL Egb761 did not alter cell viability. However, 〉 25 μg/mL Egb761 induced greater cell viability （P 〈 0.05）. No differences were observed between hypoxic/hypoglycemic or hypoglycemic cells （P 〉 0.05）. α -secretase activity was increased after 12 hours in hypoxic/hypoglycemic culture （P 〈 0.01）. There were no significant differences between the 12-, 24-, or 36-hour Egb761 groups and the hypoxic/hypoglycemic groups （P 〉 0.05）. β -secretase activity was greater after     

Effect of propofol on glutamate-induced activation and related inflammatory cytokines of astrocytes from spinal cord dorsal horn★

BACKGROUND： Astrocytes participate in central nervous system-mediated physiological or pathological processes, such as pain. Activated dorsal horn astrocytes from the spinal cord produce nerve active substances and proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-lbeta （IL-1 β ）, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF-α ）, which play important roles in pain transduction and regulation. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of different doses of propofol on activation of cultured spinal cord dorsal horn astrocytes induced by glutamate, as well as changes in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF- α, and 1L-10 （anti-inflammatory cytokine） expression in rats, and to explore the dose relationship of propofol. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The cellular and molecular biology experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Yunyang Medical College between March 2006 and December 2007. MATERIALS： Forty healthy, Wistar rats, aged 2-3 days, were selected. Propofol was provided by Zeneca, UK; glutamate by Sigma, USA; EPICS XL flow cytometry by Beckman culture, USA; rabbit-anti-mouse glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） antibody kit and inflammatory cytokine detection kit were provided by Zhongshan Biotechnology Company Ltd., Beijing; multimedia color pathologic image analysis system was a product of Nikon, Japan. METHODS： Astrocytes were harvested from T11- L6 spinal cord dorsal horn of Wistar rats and incubated for 3 weeks. The cells were divided into seven groups, according to various treatment conditions： control group was cells cultured in Hank＇s buffered saline solution; intralipid group was cells cultured in intralipid （0.2 mL/L）; glutamate group was cells cultured with 100 u mol/L glutamate; propofol group was cells cultured with 250 u mol/L propofol; three glutamate plus propofol groups were cultured in 100 11 mol/L of glutamate, followed by 5, 25, and 250 u mol/L of propofol 10 minutes later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： GFAP-labeled astrocytes were analyzed using a multimedia pathology imaging a     

Effects of acrous gramineus and its component, alpha-asarone, on apoptosis of hippocampal neurons after seizure in immature rats**☆

BACKGROUND： α-asarone and acrous gramineus have been shown to play a necessary function in enhancing the reactivity and convulsant threshold to electric stimulation of immature rats. They have also been shown to effectively suppress epileptic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol in young rats. However, the mechanisms for these roles have been still unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects in immature rats of acrous gramineus and α -asarone on apoptosis of hippocampal neurons after epileptic seizure at the protein level, and to analyze the mechanism for these effects. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTINGS： Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University; Department of Histology and Embryology, Norman Bethune Medical School of Jilin University; Department of Internal Medicine, Children＇s Hospital of Changchun City; Department of Neurology, First Clinical Hospital affiliated to Harbin Medical University. MATERIALS： Fifty 3-week old Wistar rats, 34-40 g, irrespective of gender, were provided by Gaoxin Research Center of Medical Animal Experiment, Changchun. The animals were treated according to the animal ethical standards. The following chemicals were used for this study： acrous gramineus powders or infusion （Batch No, 0307113, Tianjiang Medicine Company Limited, Jiangyin）, α-asarone tablets （Batch No. 030219, Tianwei Pharmaceutical Factory, Shenyang）, and phenobarbital sodium tablets （Batch No. 020608, Xinya Medicine Company Limited, Shanghai）. The animals were divided into five groups randomly. First, ten rats were chosen as the normal controls. The remaining rats were treated with i.p. injections of pentylenetetrazol to stimulate an epileptic model. METHODS： The experiments were performed at the Neurological Laboratory of the First Hospital of Jilin University between October and December 2004. The rats were treated with i.p. injections of pentylenetetrazol （60 mg/kg） to establish an epileptic model. According to Racine＇ s standard, animal     

Effects of transection of cervical sympathetic trunk on cerebral infarct volume and oxygen free radical levels in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury*★

BACKGROUND： Stellate ganglion block （SGB） plays a protective role on the brain, but the precise mechanism of action is not clear. OBJECTIVE： To simulate SGB by transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk （TCST） and to investigate the TCST effects on changes in cerebral infarct volume and oxygen free radical levels in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A complete randomized control animal experiment was performed at the Institute of Neurological Diseases of Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College from February to December 2005. MATERIALS： A total of 101 healthy Wistar rats, weighing 280-320 g, of both genders, aged 17-18 weeks, were used in this study. 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） was purchased from Changsha Hongyuan Biological Company. Superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and nitric oxide （NO） assay kits were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. METHODS： Rats were randomly divided into a TCST group, a model group and a sham operation group. Successful models were included in the final analysis, with at least 20 rats in each group. After TCST, rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established in the TCST group by receiving middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） by the intraluminal suture method for 2 hours, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were made in the model group. Rats in the sham operation group underwent experimental procedures as for the model group, threading depth of 10 mm, and middle cerebral artery was not ligated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Brain tissue sections of ten rats from each group were used to measure cerebral infarct volume by TTC staining. Brain tissue homogenate of another ten rats from each group was used to detect SOD activities, MDA contents and NO levels. Rat neurological function was assessed by neurobehavioral measures. RESULTS： Cerebral infarct volume was bigger in the