艾迪注射液对人肝癌细胞的增殖抑制作用和凋亡诱导活性

目的 观察艾迪注射液对肝癌细胞株Hep3B和LM3的体外抗肿瘤作用.方法 通过细胞的活力测定(MTS)法测定不同浓度艾迪注射液对Hep3B和LM3肝癌细胞的增殖抑制作用,流式细胞术分析不同浓度艾迪注射液对Hep3B和LM3肝癌细胞的诱导凋亡活性.结果 艾迪注射液可显著抑制Hep3B和LM3肝癌细胞的增殖,并可有效诱导H...     

人骨形成蛋白2和地塞米松对不同来源成骨细胞的作用

目的：观察不同浓度的人骨形成蛋白2(BMP-2)和地塞米松(DEX)对3种来源成骨细胞的作用，并比较其特性。方法：体外培养胰酶消化法所得的正常成人的成骨细胞，成骨样细胞系和由骨髓单个核细胞(MNC)经DEX诱导7d后所得的成骨细胞，经不同浓度的BMP-2和DEX处理，观察细胞形态，并进行MTT试验和测定细胞裂解液的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。结果：对正常成人的成骨细胞，BMP-2处理48h，72h对第4代和第8代的细胞无明显促增殖和分化作用；DEX作用48h和72h促第4代细胞增殖且表达ALP明显增加，DEX浓度为10^-8mol／L时其促增殖和分化的效果最佳，DEX对第8代细胞无明显作用。对成骨样细胞系BMP-2促增殖作用不明显，DEX处理48，72h后明显促其增殖；BMP-2及DEX作用72h后ALP表达明显增加，当作用于源自骨髓MNC的成骨细胞48，72h均促其增殖和分化。结论：BMP-2和DEX对不同成骨细胞的效应因细胞来源和作用时间不同而有差别。     

高尔基体糖蛋白73在58例肝癌患者诊断中的应用

目的探讨GP73对原发性肝癌的诊断价值。方法免疫组化法检测肝癌组织、癌旁组织及正常肝脏组织中高尔基体糖蛋白73（golgiprotein-73,GP73）和甲胎蛋白（alpha—fetoprotein,AFP）的表达,ELISA法检测肝癌患者血清GP73和AFP浓度。结果GP73蛋白在肝癌组织强表达,癌旁组织细胞浆表达较弱,正常肝脏组织无表达,58例肝癌组织中GP73阳性为55例,AFP阳性为40例,两者诊断肝癌的阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;58例PHC患者GP73平均浓度为（238．1±121．6）ng／mL,42例GP73阳性,敏感性为72．4％;AFP平均浓度为（885．6±498．6）ng／mL,30例AFP阳性,敏感性为51．7％,GP73和AFP联合检测能将敏感性提高到85．9％（50／58）;PHC患者肿瘤大小之间、肿瘤个数之间血清GP73浓度无确切关系。结论GP73是一个诊断PHC良好的血清标志物,其敏感性和特异性均较好,GP73和AFP联合检测可以提高早期肝癌的检出率。     

守宫硫酸多糖对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞分化和增殖的影响

目的:研究守宫硫酸多糖(Gepsin)对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞分化和增殖的影响,并进一步探讨其可能的机制。方法:将不同浓度的Gepsin加入对数生长的SMMC-7721细胞进行培养,在不同的时间利用台盼兰染色观察细胞的增殖情况。同时,收集细胞培养上清液,利用联合放免法,以溴钾酚绿法分别观察Gepsin对甲胎蛋白(AFP)、白蛋白(ALB)分泌的影响;利用酶联免疫吸附试验法观察Gepsin对转化生长因子(TGF)-β1、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)分泌的影响;利用光镜观察Gepsin对SMMC-7721细胞形态的影响。结果:随着处理组Gepsin的浓度升高,SMMC-7721细胞的增殖明显受到抑制;而对细胞活率无明显影响。Gepsin可增加培养上清中的ALB分泌量,降低AFP分泌量。光学显微镜下可见加入Gepsin后细胞的形态由圆形变为纺锤形。Gepsin对培养上清分泌的VEGF无影响,但可使TGF-β1增加。结论:Gepsin可明显抑制肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的增殖,诱导SMMC-7721细胞分化。其机制可能是通过上调TGF-β1来诱导肝癌细胞分化实现的。     

129例原发性肝癌血清甲胎蛋白检测及其临床意义分析

目的 通过对129例原发性肝癌血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）的检测分析，探讨AFP对原发性肝癌的早期诊断价值及临床应用。方法 AFP测定用酶联免疫法（ELISA法）。结果 原发性肝癌AFP的阳性率为78．29％，AFP含量〉300μg／L者为55％。结论 说明AFP检测对原发性肝癌的诊断有重要的临床价值，但也存在局限性，有些原发性肝癌的AFP阴性或浓度较低，易造成误诊或漏诊，故应结合临床和其他检查资料作出正确诊断。     

三七总皂甙对凝血酶诱血管平滑肌细胞增殖活性的影响

目的探讨三七总皂甙（totalspaoninsofpanaxnotoginseng,tPNS）对凝血酶诱大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（VascularsmoothmUSClecells．vsMcs）的促增殖作用的量效和时效关系。方法采用4～10代的vsMcs的单细胞悬液用于实验。通过MTS法和B—N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶测定VSMCs细胞增殖率,观察tPNS对凝血酶诱大鼠VSMCs增殖的影响。结果（1）0．5u／ml和1．0u／ml两种浓度的凝血酶均有促VSMCs增殖作用（P〈0．05）。增殖曲线呈双峰样改变（峰值在1h和24h）;（2）不同tPNS浓度（300．0。600．0μg／m1）在24h时对0．5u／ml凝血酶刺激VSMCs都有明显抑制作用,且各浓度之间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;（3）相对凝血酶组,tPNS（450．0μg／ml）有效地降低了凝血酶（0．5u／m1）诱导VSMCs增殖的1h峰值及24h峰值俨〈0．05）。结论（1）凝血酶促VSMCs的增殖在时间上呈双峰样改变;（2）不同浓度的tPNS对凝血酶诱大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖均有抑制作用：（3）tPNS不仅能抑制凝血酶早期快速促VSMCs增殖作用,而且能抑制凝血酶后期促VSMCs增殖作用。     

CA125和AFP检测对原发性肝癌诊断的分析

目的 分析CA125和AFP在原发性肝癌患者血清中的表达情况。方法 采用放射免疫法分析对63例原发性肝癌患者进行血清CA125和AFP的检测，统计分析两项指标的表达情况，并进行比较。结果 CA125和AFP的含量分别为（172．8±200．5）ku／L，（262．4±286．3）ug／L 以 CA125〉35ku／L，AFP〉20ug／L为原发性肝癌诊断标准，其阳性率分别为69．18％和68．13％，两者联合检测阳性率为87．3％。统计学Ridit分析，两者表达阳性率差异无统计学意义，相关性分析，两者无线性相关关系存在。CA125和AFP单项检查的阳性率分别与联合检查的阳性率进行Х^2检验，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 CA125是一项较好的原发性肝癌诊断标志物，与AFP阳性率差异无统计学意义，与AFP无相关性。联合检测可显著提高诊断阳性率。     

人尿中三种不同分子量的蛋白质对几种癌细胞的抑制作用

以新鲜的正常男性尿液为原料，经分离、纯化和鉴定出其分子量分别为 ２８、３５和 ５０ ｋＤ的三种蛋白质混合物，命名为Ｕ－１。采用体外试验的方法，测定了Ｕ－１对三种人癌细胞的增殖和ＤＮＡ合成的抑制作用。结果表明在低血清培养体系中对人肝癌细胞（７７２１）、人白血病细胞（Ｕ_(９３７)）和人胃癌细胞(ＭＫＮ－４５)的增殖和ＤＮＡ合成均最大抑制作用，并有很好的剂－效关系．当Ｕ－１在培养液中的浓度为０．２４ｍｇ／ｍｌ时，就能产生明显的抑制作用，达到最大抑制作用一半时 Ｕ－１的浓度（ＬＤ５０）为 ０． ２４～２ ．４ ｍｇ／ｍｌ。     

转化生长因子β1对人肝细胞癌HepG-2细胞株增殖的影响

目的 检测转化生长因子TGF-β1对人肝细胞癌HepG-2细胞株增殖的影响,探讨TGF-β1在原发性肝癌发病中的作用.方法 应用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测TGF-β1对人肝细胞肝癌HepG-2细胞株增殖的影响,探讨其调控HepG-2细胞生长的浓度效应和时间效应.结果 TGF-β1对人肝细胞肝癌HepG-2细胞有增殖抑制作用(P＜0.05),且不同浓度TGF-β1(1.0～100.0)μg/L产生的效果不同.结论 TGF-β1对HepG-2细胞的增殖有抑制作用,短时间内在一定浓度范围内呈剂量依赖性.     

钛合金颗粒对体外培养成骨细胞的作用

目的 探讨钛合金颗粒对体外培养的成骨细胞增殖、成骨能力的影响.方法 以人骨髓基质细胞(hMSCs)来源的成骨细胞作为研究对象,将不同浓度的钛合金颗粒(1.0、0.1和0.01 mg/ml)与其共同培养,分别测量细胞增殖情况,检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性以及I型胶原(COLLⅠ)合成的情况.结果 1.0 mg/ml组和0.1 mg/ml钛合金颗粒抑制了成骨细胞的增殖(P＜0.05),0.01 mg/ml组对成骨细胞的增殖影响不明显.不同浓度的钛合金颗粒对成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶的活性和I型胶原合成均有抑制作用(P＜0.05),存在一定的剂量-时间-效应关系.结论 钛合金颗粒对成骨细胞的增殖和成骨能力均有抑制作用,这也是导致假体松动的骨溶解机制之一.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.