青岛地区不同宫颈疾患组织中HPV16.18DNA的检测

本研究应用聚合酶链反应技术检测正常宫颈，慢性宫颈，宫颈非典型增生及宫颈癌组织中ＨＰＶ１６、１８ＤＮＡ，检出率分别为０（０／４３），７．０％（３／４３）；１６．０％（２０／１２５），８．０％（１０／１２５）４２．９％（６／１４），７．１％（１．１４）及５８．１（１８／３１），６．５％（２／３１）。     

宫颈癌细胞中人乳头瘤病毒感染对DNA含量及细胞周期的影响

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）感染在宫颈癌变过程中的作用。方法应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）和流式细胞计量术（ＦＣＭ）对３９例宫颈癌标本中ＨＰＶ１６和１８型感染、ＤＮＡ含量和细胞周期分布进行检测和分析。结果３１例鳞癌中ＨＰＶ１６阳性１１例（３５．５％），ＨＰＶ１８阳性１例；７例腺癌中ＨＰＶ１６全部阴性，ＨＰＶ１８阳性２例（２８．６％）；１例腺鳞癌ＨＰＶ１６和１８均阴性。总的异倍体率为５９％，二倍体率为４１％。鳞癌异倍体率为７１％（２０／３１），腺癌为４３％（３／７）。鳞癌中ＨＰＶ１６阳性组与阴性组间ＤＮＡ指数和Ｓ期比率有明显差异，而异倍体率无差异。结论ＨＰＶ感染与宫颈癌发生有关。     

宫颈鳞癌细胞中HPV和C-erbB-2基因扩增的检测

应用ＰＣＲ和差别ＰＣＲ方法，平行检测４０例宫颈鳞癌和６例宫颈炎细胞中的ＨＰＶ感染和Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因扩增。结果宫颈鳞癌中ＨＰＶ混合型别（ＨＰＶＳ）感染阳性率为６５．０％（２６／４０），其中，ＨＰＶ１６占３７．５％（１５／４０），ＨＰＶ１８仅占５．０％（２／４０）；而宫颈炎中仅１例ＨＰＶｓ感染，两者具有显著性差异（χ２＝５．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），所有宫颈癌和宫颈炎中均不见Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因扩增。结果表明：ＨＰＶ感染与宫颈鳞癌的发生关系密切，但与Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２癌基因扩增没有直接联系。     

宫颈腺癌和鳞癌活检组织中的HPV_（18）和HPV_（16）─— 一项对比研究

５０例活检宫颈癌组织，内含２０例宫颈腺癌和２０例宫颈鳞癌，运用ＤｄｅⅠ限制性内切酶，分析Ｌ１区共有引物ＰＣＲ扩增的产物。结果表明，鳞状细胞癌中ＨＰＶ１６的检出率远比腺癌高（８０％，１５％，Ｐ＜０．００１）；相反，腺癌中ＨＰＶ１８的检出率比鳞癌高（４５％，５％，Ｐ＜０．００１）。此差异可能反映了不同的病毒受体存在于具有不同形态潜能的宫颈细胞中，表明特异ＨＰＶ感染在直接致癌中发挥着作用。     

宫颈腺癌和鳞癌活检组织中的HPV18和HPV16—一项对比研究

５０例活检宫颈癌组织，内含２０例宫颈腺癌和２０例宫颈鳞癌，运用ＤｄｅＩ限制性内切酶，分析Ｌ１区共引物ＰＣＲ扩增的产物。结果表明，鳞状细胞癌中ＨＰＶ１６的检出率远比腺癌高（８０％，１５％，Ｐ＜０．００１）；相反，腺癌中ＨＰＶ１８的检出率比鳞癌高（４５％，５％，Ｐ＜０．００１）。此差异可能反映了不同的病毒受体存在于具有不同形态潜能的宫颈细胞中，表明特异ＨＰＶ感染在直接致癌中发挥着作用。     

HPV16型DNA在大肠腺癌组织中表达的研究

应用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ杂交技术，检测５０例大肠腺癌、３８例大肠腺瘤和２０例正常大肠粘膜组织的ＨＰＶ１６型ＤＮＡ序列。结果显示：三组病人ＨＰＶ１６型ＤＮＡ阳性率依次为４２％、３１．６％和０。大肠腺癌和腺瘤分别与正常大肠粘膜组织比较，ＨＰＶ１６型ＤＮＡ阳性率有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；大肠腺癌和腺瘤之间比较ＨＰＶ１６型ＤＮＡ阳性率无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。但ＨＰＶ１６型ＤＮＡ阳性的１２例大肠腺癌组织均伴组织细胞异型增生。结果表明：ＨＰＶ１６型与国人的大肠腺癌有关，是大肠癌的病因之一     

HPV16感染及其E7蛋白表达与宫颈癌关系的研究

目的：探讨人砂状瘤病毒１６型（ＨＰＶ１６）及其Ｅ７蛋白表达与宫颈癌的关系。方法：运用ＰＣＲ技术探查６７例宫颈中ＨＰＶ１６感染率,并运用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法检测ＨＰＶ１６感染吕颈癌中Ｅ７蛋白表达情况。结果：ＨＰＶ１６在宫颈癌中的检出率为５０．７５％（３４／６７）,ＨＰＶ１６感染与宫颈癌临床分期和病理组织分级无关（Ｐ〉０．０５）,在ＨＰＶ１６感染的宫颈癌中,其Ｅ７蛋白阳民生表达率为８５．３０％（２９／３４     

PCR技术检测复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤组织中的HPVDNA

应用多重引物ＰＣＲ技术对３６例复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病（ＲＲＰ）和９例声带息肉石蜡包埋组织中的ＨＰＶ６／１１、１６、１８ＤＮＡ进行了检测。结果发现：①ＲＲＰ组织中ＨＰＶ６／１１ＤＮＡ的阳性率为６９．４％（２５／３６），其中喉乳头状瘤、口咽部乳头状瘤和鼻前庭乳头状瘤组织中ＨＰＶ６／１１ＤＮＡ的阳性率分别为７０．４％（１９／２７）、６６．７％（４／６）和６６．７％（２／３）；所有ＲＲＰ标本中均未发现特异性的ＨＰＶ１６和ＨＰＶ１８ＤＮＡ；②９例声带息肉标本中四种型别的ＨＰＶＤＮＡ全部阴性。结果表明：ＲＲＰ的发病与ＨＰＶ６／１１感染密切相关，多重引物ＰＣＲ技术检测ＨＰＶＤＮＡ具有敏感性高、特异性强和操作快速、简便等优点。     

人类乳头状瘤病毒与肺癌的病因关系的研究

目的 研究人类乳头状瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）与肺鳞癌发生的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测石蜡包埋肺鳞癌组织标本５０份、肿瘤组织旁鳞状化生上皮标本３０份，正常支气管粘膜３０份中的ＨＰＶ ＤＮＡ。结果 三种标本中，ＨＰＶ ＤＮＡ的检出率分别为２６％、３６．７％和１０％，其中以ＨＰＶ１６型所占比例最高。鳞状细胞癌和鳞状化生上皮标本中，ＨＰＶ１６与ＨＰＶ６／１１的检出率无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），     

喉癌及其转移淋巴结中检出HPV DNA

应用ＰＣＲ技术对喉原发癌、转移癌、癌旁正常粘膜和声带息肉石蜡包埋组织中的ＨＰＶＤＮＡ进了检测，结果：４０例喉癌标本中２４例检出ＨＰＶＤＮＡ，阳性率６０％（２４／４０），其中ＨＰＶ６／１１、１６／１８ＤＮＡ阳性者分别为６例（５％）和１８例（４５％）；１２例喉癌颈转移淋巴结６例检出ＨＰＶＤＮＡ，这６例均为ＨＰＶ１６／１８；１０例癌旁正常粘膜和１０例声带息肉均阴性。说明喉癌的发生及其淋巴结转移可能与ＨＰＶ１６／１８感染有关。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.