局部麻醉下腹股沟疝腹膜前间隙Kugel补片无张力修补术的疗效

目的总结局部麻醉下Kugel补片用于腹股沟疝腹膜前间隙无张力修补术的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年12月,台州市立医院收治的146例成人Kugel补片无张力修补腹股沟疝病例,观察手术时间、术后离床活动时间、进食时间、术后并发症、术后住院天数等。 结果本组患者手术平均时间单侧为52 min（32～96 min）,双侧为90 min（70～125 min）。术后回病房后即可进食,伤口无明显疼痛,手术当天即可离床活动。平均住院日4.5 d。术后尿潴留6例,切口感染1例,血清肿2例,腹股沟慢性疼痛1例,均经对症处理痊愈。无补片感染、下肢深静脉血栓等并发症发生。随访4～40个月无复发。 结论局部麻醉下应用Kugel补片实施腹膜前间隙腹股沟疝无张力修补术安全可行,适合进行日间手术。     

Kugel自膨式补片与Perfix网塞治疗成人原发腹股沟疝的对比研究

目的与传统Perfix网塞修补腹股沟疝比较,探讨Kugel补片的优点。方法Kugel补片修补组（下称Kugel组）39例,Perfix网塞修补组（下称Perfix组）48例。对两组患者术前基本情况,手术时间,术后早期反应,住院时间,术后并发症及复发率进行比较。结果Kugel组患者平均年龄显著高于Perfix组（P〈0．05）,Kugel组伤口疼痛、恢复活动时间以及伤121异物感、阴囊水肿例数显著低于Peffix组（P〈0．01）,手术时间显著低于Perfix组（P〈0．05）。术后随访平均12个月（5—16个月）,均未见复发。结论与Perfix网塞修补术相比,Kugel补片修补术具有伤口疼痛轻、异物感轻、恢复快的优点,Kugel补片修补手术是一种具有良好发展潜力的无张力疝修补术。     

改良Kugel腹股沟疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝的探讨

目的 探讨改良Kugel腹股沟疝修补术在腹股沟疝治疗中的理论基础和临床应用价值。方法采用Bard Modified Kugel Hernia Patch（内存记忆弹力环改良Kugel补片）行改良Kugel腹股沟疝修补术腹股沟疝102例,以手术时间、术后患者自主能力的恢复、并发症的发生、复发率及术后住院时间作比较。结果手术时间45～110min,平均55min。术后2～6h患者即可起床活动和进食,切口疼痛和不适轻,无明显异物感,活动时腹股沟区无牵拉感,无并发症,平均住院时间5d。随访无1例复发。结论改良Kugel腹股沟疝修补术是应用经腹股沟管前入路行腹膜前腹股沟疝修补的技术,针对耻骨肌孔进行修补,利于解决耻骨肌孔结构薄弱及缺损这一腹股沟疝发生的解剖学基础,具有手术彻底、术后恢复快、并发症少、复发率低的优点,从根本上解决腹股沟疝患者多种疝并存及容易复发的病理生理特点,是目前腹股沟疝治疗中较理想的手术方式。     

疝环充填式无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝

目的　探讨聚丙稀网塞及补片在腹股沟疝修补术 (疝环充填式无张力疝修补术 )中的优点 ,并总结经验教训。方法　采用美国巴德公司的聚丙稀锥形充填物及成型补片对 6 5例腹股沟疝患者施行疝环充填式无张力疝修补术。观察手术时间、伤口疼痛、术后自主能力的恢复、并发症及复发率。结果　手术时间平均 5 0 .5min ;术后 4～ 6h患者能下床活动 ;伤口疼痛时间 2～ 3d。术后排尿困难 1例 ,伤口积液 3例 ,切口感染 1例。术后获随访 5 9例 ,仅 2例复发。结论　锥形充填物及成型补片组织兼容性好 ,无排异反应 ,具有一定的抗感染能力 ,是理想的疝修补材料。疝环充填式无张力疝修补术手术操作简便 ,损伤轻 ,恢复快 ,并发症少和复发率低 ,并可放宽手术指征 ,是较先进的疝修补术式     

无张力疝修补术在老年腹股沟疝患者中应用的临床体会

目的总结善释腹膜前专用网塞在老年腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术中的治疗效果和临床价值。方法采用善释腹膜前专用网塞对210例老年腹股沟疝患者施行无张力疝修补术,观察手术时间、伤口疼痛、术后自主能力的恢复、并发症及复发率。结果 210例手术过程均顺利.术后出现尿潴留2例;阴囊积液1例;伤口持续疼痛2例;伤口区有异物感2例;伤口区积液2例;随访3～30个月,无复发。结论善释腹膜前专用网塞行无张力疝修补术是一种老年腹股沟疝理想的手术方式,具有手术简便,创伤小,无张力,省时,复发率低,并发症少等优点。是疗效确切的无张力疝修补方法。     

前入路腹膜前Kugel补片修补治疗腹股沟疝

目的 探讨腹膜前Kugel补片修补腹股沟疝的疗效。方法 总结2004年4月至2005年5月应用Kugel补片行开放性腹膜前修补治疗腹股沟疝24例的临床资料。结果 手术时间35-55m,平均40m。术后6-12h下床活动,无尿潴留、切口积血、切口感染等并发症。术后随访1～12个月,无复发。结论 腹膜前放置Kugel补片修补腹股沟疝技术是一种创伤小、无张力、安全、术后恢复快的治疗方法。     

无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝40例体会

目的总结应用聚丙烯网状补片治疗腹股沟疝107例的近期治疗效果。方法使用聚丙烯网状补片对107例各类腹股沟疝患者进行无张力疝修补;观察手术方法、时间、术后患者自主能力恢复、术后伤口疼痛、并发症和复发率。结果107例患者共施行116次lichtenstein无张力疝修补术,单侧疝及双侧疝平均手术时间为45 min和90 min,术后2~6 h下床活动,术后患者疼痛轻,术后1例发生阴囊积液,1例发生皮下血肿,患者均于术后3~5 d痊愈出院,90%病例获随访,随访时间3~14个月,无复发病例。结论无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝有手术方法简单、手术指征广、术后疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少和复发率低的优点。     

改良Kugel补片后入路腹膜前修补腹股沟斜疝应用体会（附15例报道）

目的 探讨应用改良Kugel补片后入路腹膜前修补腹股沟斜疝的优点、手术效果及其体会.方法 回顾性分析2006年12月至2007年6月期间我院采用改良Kugel补片施行腹股沟斜疝无张力修补术15例患者的临床资料.观察手术时间、伤口疼痛、术后恢复情况、并发症和复发率.结果 手术时间35～90 min,平均(50±10) min; 术后1 d能下床活动,术后均未使用止痛剂,术后住院时间3～5 d.全组切口一期愈合,无感染发生,1例切口周围有青紫,微波治疗1周后青紫消失.随访半年无不适和复发.结论 改良Kugel补片后入路腹膜前疝修补术具有微创、无张力、免缝合、疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少等特点     

局麻下应用改良Kugel补片治疗腹股沟疝34例体会

目的总结局麻下改良Kugel补片在腹股沟疝修补术中的应用体会。方法对2007年6月至2009年6月应用改良Kugel补片在局麻下行腹股沟疝无张力修补术34例患者的临床资料进行回顾性总结。结果本组患者手术过程顺利,麻醉效果好,术后疼痛轻,手术时间35～70min,平均45min,术后住院天数3～7d,平均4d。术后随访无复发。结论局麻下应用改良Kugel实施腹股沟疝无张力修补术可行性好,该方式具有简单、安全、患者耐受性好、并发症少、术后恢复快等优点,局麻下手术尤其适合于合并其它慢性疾病的老年腹股沟疝患者。     

Kugel无张力修补术治疗腹股沟区疝355例疗效分析

目的 探讨Kugel无张力修补术治疗腹股沟区疝的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析355例腹股沟区疝Kugel无张力修补术的病例资料,分析患者手术时间、术后疼痛、手术费用及并发症的发生情况结果 平均手术时间为35.4 min(20～ 130 min),平均手术费用为6 253元;术后出现慢性疼痛6例、皮下血肿3例、浆液肿1例、伤口感染2例.平均随访36个月(7～85个月),1例复发.结论 Kugel无张力修补术治疗腹股沟区疝具有安全有效,具有术后疼痛轻、恢复快、复发率低及并发症少等优势.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.