经股动脉入路置入Venus-A瓣膜支架治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全的临床研究

目的：探讨Venus-A瓣膜支架经股动脉入路置入治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全的临床疗效。方法：选取2020年9月—2022年2月于河北医科大学第二医院心脏外科行经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术的单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者18例,对其围手术期资料进行回顾性分析。结果：18例患者均顺利完成手术,并成功置入Venus-A瓣膜支架25枚（6例实施了“瓣中瓣”手术,其中1例“瓣中瓣”手术共置入3枚Venus-A瓣膜支架）,“瓣中瓣”置入率为33%。术后轻度瓣周反流15例,其余患者无瓣周反流;术后新发一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,后转为完全性左束支传导阻滞1例,其余患者均未出现严重不良事件。术后1周,患者均顺利出院。结论：Venus-A瓣膜支架经股动脉入路置入治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全安全、有效。     

老年风湿性心脏瓣膜病合并冠心病的同期手术治疗

【】 目的 总结风湿性心脏病(风心病)合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的老年患者同期手术治疗的临床经验。方法 回顾性分析了武汉亚洲心脏病医院从2010年1月～2013年5月间89例65岁以上风心病合并冠心病患者进行同期瓣膜手术和冠脉搭桥手术治疗的临床资料,其中男性52例,女性37例,平均年龄(70．6±3．4)岁;心功能II级10例,III级45例,IV级34例;二尖瓣病变45例,主动脉瓣病变22例,联合瓣膜病变22例;均伴有单支或多支冠状动脉病变。手术行二尖瓣成形17例,行二尖瓣置换28例,行主动脉瓣置换22例,行双瓣置换18例, 主动脉瓣置换和二尖瓣成形4例;30例为机械瓣置换,42例为生物瓣置换;冠脉搭桥平均2.2支/例。结果 手术体外循环时间(116．2±22．4)min,主动脉阻断时间(80．5±13．6)min。术后早期死亡4例,死因主要为低心排出量综合症并多器官功能衰竭;其余患者恢复良好。随访79例,随访时间12～52月,随访期间死亡5例,1例为术后8、12个月消化道出血死亡,2例术后2年死于脑血管意外,1例术后4年死于肺癌。其余患者心功能较术前改善,生活质量提高。结论 对老年风心病合并冠心病患者进行同期瓣膜置换和冠脉搭桥手术治疗是安全可行的,近期疗效满意。     

老年心脏瓣膜病变的外科治疗体会

目的 总结老年心脏瓣膜病变的外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析160例老年心脏瓣膜病变外科治疗患者的临床资料.行二尖瓣置换（MVR）65例,主动脉瓣置换（AVR）45例,双瓣置换50例;同期行三尖瓣成形术108例,冠状动脉搭桥术19例,左房折叠术4例.结果 手术早期死亡6例,死亡率为3.9%.随访140例,随访时间6个月至8年,死亡2例,其余138例术后随诊复查人工瓣膜功能良好,左心室射血分数（LVEF）提高,心功能均提高1～2级,无瓣周漏、人工瓣膜心内膜炎及心脏血栓形成,没有因瓣膜原因而再次手术者.结论 术前充分调整心功能,选择适当的手术时机,加强术中心肌保护,不断改进和提高手术技巧,加强围术期管理,是提高老年心脏瓣膜病变患者手术成功率的关键因素.     

儿童主动脉瓣置换术近远期疗效分析

目的:探讨儿童主动脉瓣置换术的病因、瓣膜选择、近远期疗效、死亡和再次手术的危险因素及抗凝相关问题。方法:回顾性分析1990年1月至2014年12月在第二军医大学附属长海医院接受心脏瓣膜置换的62例患儿临床资料,包括男40例,女22例,年龄4~14岁,平均年龄(11.53±2.66)岁,其中先天性心脏瓣膜病41例,风湿性心脏瓣膜病2例,感染性心内膜炎10例,黏液性变心脏瓣膜病9例。62例主动脉瓣置换术均使用机械瓣膜,采用间断褥式缝合方法。部分患者术中采用主动脉根部加宽术(Nicks法4例、Manougnian法11例)。结果:本组住院死亡率为6.5%(4/62),死亡原因为术后严重低心排综合征3例,术中无法脱离体外循环1例。随访时间1.5~18年,平均(10.2±2.5)年,失访5例,随访率91.4%。随访期间死亡3例,1例为术后9个月死于严重心律失常,1例为术后8年不明原因猝死,1例为术后6年死于感染性心内膜炎。再次瓣膜置换2例。随访期间未发现与抗凝相关的严重并发症,也无因患者-人工瓣膜不匹配再次手术者;患者主动脉瓣膜功能良好,心功能均为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级。结论:儿童主动脉瓣机械瓣置换术近、远期效果良好,大多数患儿可置入较大的瓣膜,术后心脏结构和功能大多能恢复正常。     

儿童主动脉瓣置换术临床特点及中远期随访结果

目的 总结15岁以下儿童主动脉瓣置换术的临床特点及中远期随访结果,探讨手术指征、瓣膜选择等相关问题.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2014年1月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院15岁以下29例行瓣膜置换患者临床资料.其中男性19例,女性10例,年龄2～15（10.66±3.55）岁.病因：先天性主动脉瓣发育异常24例,感染性心内膜炎5例.手术均在中度低温体外循环下进行,其中主动脉瓣置换22例、主动脉瓣二尖瓣双瓣置换术7例,均采用机械瓣膜.所有瓣膜置换均采用间断褥式缝合方法,术中采用Manouguian法行主动脉根部加宽5例;术后使用主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）辅助2例.术后以华法林抗凝治疗,维持INR在2.0～3.0.结果 患者CPB时间（126.39±68.44）min,主动脉阻断时间（77.39±48.23）min.全组院内死亡1例.术后出现并发症3例,其中心律失常1例（窦性心动过缓、阵发性房室传导阻滞）,呼吸衰竭l例,急性肾衰竭1例,均经治疗后痊愈.随访1个月至8年,平均3.5年,随访期无死亡,所有患者机械瓣功能均良好,无再次手术,无抗凝相关并发症.结论 对于儿童主动脉瓣疾病患者,选择合适的手术时机进行主动脉瓣置换术,围术期及术后密切治疗,近期及中远期疗效均良好.     

瓣环扩大术治疗小主动脉瓣环疗效观察

目的探讨小主动脉瓣环病变患者行瓣环扩大后置换主动脉瓣的临床效果。方法对16例小主动脉瓣环病变患者在主动脉置换时先行瓣环扩大术,采用Manougnian法主动脉根部成形术12例,Nicks法4例;同期施行二尖瓣置换术4例,室间隔缺损修补术2例。结果全组无手术死亡患者,无出血并发症发生,均痊愈出院。术后随访1—3a,术后跨瓣压差基本正常,室间隔厚度及左室厚度之比增加,心功能（NYHA）改善。结论小主动脉瓣环患者行心瓣膜置换时同期行瓣环扩大术是一种安全有效的术式,远期效果良好。     

60～70岁患者主动脉机械瓣与生物瓣中期疗效对比

目的 对比分析60~70岁患者行主动脉瓣机械瓣置换与生物瓣置换术后生存率、术后瓣膜并发症情况及再次手术率的差异。 方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2015年12月在解放军总医院第一医学中心心血管外科行主动脉瓣机械瓣置换的64例60~70岁患者与同年龄段的147例行主动脉瓣生物瓣置换的患者的病例资料。根据术前基线资料,利用倾向性评分匹配方法对患者分组。分组后比较两组患者瓣膜置换术后的生存率、瓣膜相关病死率、瓣膜相关并发症发生率及再次手术率的差异。 结果 倾向性评分匹配后,机械瓣组与生物瓣组术后6年,两组患者的生存率及瓣膜相关病死率无统计学差异(P=0.160,P=1.000)。机械瓣组术后并发症包括机械瓣非结构性功能异常1例(2.1%),栓塞1例(2.1%)、出血1例(2.1%),生物瓣组术后并发症包括瓣膜血栓1例(2.1%)、栓塞4例(8.2%)。总体的并发症发生率两组无统计学差异(P=0.321)。生物瓣组6年内再次手术1例(2.1%),机械瓣组未发生再次手术,组间比较无统计学差异(P=1.000)。 结论 我中心60至70岁年龄段患者行主动脉瓣机械瓣或生物瓣置换术后6年的生存率、瓣膜相关病死率、并发症发生率及再次手术率无明显差异。     

95例再次人工机械瓣置换术

目的:总结95例再次人工机械瓣置换术的外科治疗经验。方法:自2000年1月至2010年4月共行心脏瓣膜置换术3235例,其中95例行再次人工机械瓣置换术。本组95例第一次手术均是行人工机械瓣置换术后的患者,其中机械瓣功能障碍65例,瓣周漏19例,机械瓣心内膜炎11例,手术均在全麻体外循环心脏停跳下进行,其中急诊手术35例,限期手术20例,择期手术40例。其中二尖瓣置换74例,主动脉瓣置换12例,双瓣置换9例,同期行三尖瓣置换13例,三尖瓣成形45例。结果:围术期死亡7例,病死率7.37%,其中有3例是术中无法脱离体外循环机,2例因术后出现严重低心排出量综合征(低心排)及多脏器功能衰竭死亡,1例死于术后心室颤动(室颤),1例死于术后脑出血、脑疝,其余88例痊愈出院。随访3个月至4年,晚期死亡4例,存活患者心功能均明显改善。结论:掌握好手术时机、手术技术及术后处理,是再次机械瓣置换术成功的重要因素。     

二尖瓣及主动脉瓣联合瓣膜置换术112例分析

目的探讨二尖瓣及主动脉瓣联合瓣膜置换术治疗严重联合瓣膜病的临床价值。方法对112例行二尖瓣及主动脉瓣置换术的患者进行回顾性总结和分析,其中风湿性心脏病111例,退行性瓣膜病1例。术前心功能（NYHA）Ⅲ级76例,Ⅳ级12例,再次瓣膜置换8例。均采用胸部正中切口,全部切除二尖瓣90例,保留前瓣2例,保留后瓣10例,保留全瓣10例;术中同时行三尖瓣成形术68例。共置换人工心脏瓣膜224枚。结果手术病死率1．78％,术后早期并发症发生率25．89％。结论二尖瓣及主动脉瓣联合瓣膜置换术是治疗严重联合瓣膜病的最好方法。     

应用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣（附4例报告）

应用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣、同种肺动脉瓣原拉重建右室流出道（Ross手术）治疗4例主动脉瓣病变患者,成功3例。1例主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形术后存在轻度主动脉瓣返流。超声心动图均提示主动脉根部及同种瓣良好。1例术中误伤自体肺动脉瓣,改机械瓣置换。认为用自体肺动脉瓣置换病变主动脉瓣效果满意,术中预防自体肺动脉瓣损伤和主动脉瓣返流是手术成功的关键,同种肺动脉瓣原位重建右室流出道可为常规选择的管道。     

心脏瓣膜病巨大左心室病人的瓣膜置换

目的：探讨瓣膜病巨大左心室病人的临床特点，及影响手术疗效的主要因素，提高瓣膜置换术后的疗效。方法：共47例瓣膜病巨大左心室病人行瓣膜置换术，其中主动脉与二尖瓣双瓣置换35例，二尖瓣置换5例，主动脉置换7例，同时行三尖瓣成形42例，左房折叠4例。结果：术后早期并发症14例(349／6)，死亡2例(4．259／6)，影响瓣膜置换手术早期疗效的主要因素是严重左室扩大，严重左室收缩功能下降，射血分数(EF)＜0．40，左室短轴缩短率(FS)＜0．25和严重低心输出量综合征，和围术期室颤。结论：掌握合适手术时机，注意心肌保护措施，最大限度地保留心内结构是巨大左心室病人瓣膜置换手术成功的重要因素。     

急诊心脏瓣膜替换25例报告

目的:探讨急诊心脏瓣膜替换手术时机和围手术期处理措施。方法:1995年1月至2009年5月,对急性心脏瓣膜功能障碍致急性心肺功能衰竭施行急诊瓣膜置换25例,其中男性15例,女性10例,年龄12～64岁,术前心功能均为Ⅳ级。二尖瓣病变17例,其中二尖瓣机械瓣替换术后血栓形成致人工瓣膜功能障碍7例,人工瓣膜性心内膜炎并瓣周漏4例,感染性心内膜炎致急性二尖瓣腱索及乳头肌断裂并二尖瓣重度关闭不全5例,二尖瓣关闭不全并预激症1例。主动脉瓣病变8例,其中感染性心内膜炎并主动脉穿孔致急性心力衰竭(心衰)3例,血栓形成致人工瓣功能障碍2例,主动脉关闭不全并主动脉窦瘤破裂致急性心衰2例,外伤性主动脉瓣撕裂致主动脉瓣重度关闭不全1例。二尖瓣替换18例,其中再次心脏瓣膜替换11例,同时施行三尖瓣成形9例,异常传导束旁路切断1例。主动脉瓣替换8例。置入机械瓣22例,生物瓣3例。主动脉阻断时间34～80 min,转流时间70～160 min。结果:早期死亡1例,死于术后严重低心排综合征(低心排),其余病例术后恢复顺利,随访1～13年,心功能恢复良好。结论:及时、准确诊断,果断抉择手术时机,合理选择术式及良好围术期处理是进一步提高手术疗效的关键。     

大左室心脏瓣膜病的外科治疗

目的:以回顾性研究总结大左室心脏瓣膜病的外科治疗经验。方法:84例大左室心脏瓣膜病患者行外科手术治疗,二尖瓣置换术55例,主动脉瓣置换术7例,二尖瓣置换+主动脉瓣置换术22例。术前充分准备,术中采用低温冷血停搏液灌注,加强心肌保护,注意保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构,术后积极防治并发症。结果:本组术后早期发生并发症(低心排,肺部感染,肝肾功能不全等)22例,治愈出院62例。结论:大左室心脏瓣膜病患者行外科手术治疗风险大,术后并发症多;全面综合的外科治疗是大左室心脏瓣膜病患者顺利康复的关键。     

Short-term results with the ross procedure. Does the etiology of aortic valvulopathy affect the outcome?

INTRODUCTION: The Ross procedure has become established as an appropriate method for aortic valve replacement in children and young adults. There is controversy regarding the results of this surgical technique depending on whether the aortic valve disorder is congenital or acquired. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcome of this technique in different etiologies. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We analyzed 61 patients who underwent the Ross procedure between November 1997 and November 2001. Age range was 6 to 54 years, and 44 patients (72%) were male. The mean duration of follow-up was 15.6 (10.6) months. The aortic valve lesion was stenosis in 17 patients, regurgitation in 22 and both in 22. The patients were divided into two groups: etiology was congenital in group I (40 patients) and acquired in group II (21 patients: 14 rheumatic, 2 degenerative, 2 endocarditis and 3 other). RESULTS: Pre-intervention data showed significant differences in age, functional class and percentage of patients with previous cardiac surgery. In the last follow-up examination, autograft gradient and homograft gradient were similar in both groups. Diastolic and systolic diameters and left ventricle ejection fraction were normal in both groups and did not differ between groups. Major events during follow-up were: 1 patient died, 1 patient had endocarditis, and 2 patients needed stent implantation in the homograft in group I; 2 patients in group II underwent reoperation because of severe autograft dysfunction. There were no statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Short-term morbidity and mortality associated with the Ross procedure are low in patients with either congenital or acquired aortic valvulopathy.     

Incidental Left Atrial Blood Cyst in a Patient Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Blood cysts of the heart are benign cardiovascular tumors found incidentally in approximately 50% of infants who undergo autopsy at less than 2 months of age. These congenital cysts, frequently present on the atrioventricular valves of infants, are exceedingly rare in adults. Nonetheless, in adults, cardiac blood cysts have been found on the mitral valve, papillary muscles, right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, and aortic, pulmonic, and tricuspid valves. Reported complications include left ventricular outflow obstruction, occlusion of the coronary arteries, valvular stenosis or regurgitation, and embolic stroke.In high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, transcatheter aortic valve replacement has emerged as an alternative to surgical replacement. Transesophageal echocardiography plays a fundamental role in evaluating the feasibility of intraprocedural transcatheter aortic valve replacement, in measuring aortic annular size, in guiding placement of the prosthetic device, and in looking for possible complications. The embolic risk of rapid pacing and transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a patient with an intracardiac blood cyst is unknown, and such a case has not, to our knowledge, been reported heretofore. We present the case of a 78-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis, in whom a blood cyst was incidentally found in the left atrium upon transesophageal echocardiography. She underwent successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement without embolic complication.     

Periaortic hematoma formation leading to aortic valve failure. A complication of homograft placement for second valve surgery.

The aortic homograft has become the replacement valve of choice in the treatment of complicated endocarditis involving native and prosthetic aortic valves. Complications are rare, typically involving chronic leaflet degeneration causing valvular insufficiency or rarely chronic calcific stenosis. We present a case in which functional stenosis of the homograft valve was caused by compression and distortion by blood transmitted directly from the left ventricle into a space between the homograft and an external cavity formed by a Dacron wrap. The latter had been placed to help control suture-line bleeding. This case presentation demonstrates an unusual cause of homograft failure and suggests that wrapping of a homograft conduit by native aorta or an external Dacron wrap is not a substitute for meticulous surgical technique to assure a hemostatic suture line.     

A new surgical technique for treatments of left ventricular outflow tract obstructions. Report of a case and reexamination of our experience (author's transl)]

Aortic valvotomy, aortic valve replacement, resection of the subaortic membrane and aortic patch angioplasty do not always provide satisfactory relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. From August 1975 through January 1977, 15 patients underwent creation of a left ventricular vent by means of a Dacron fabric conduit containing a heterograft valve going from the left ventricle to the supraceliac portion of the abdominal aorta (Cooley's point). All patients had valvular, subvalvular, supravalvular aortic stenosis, or combined defects. One patient had severe hemolytic anemia following aortic valve replacement. Eleven of our 15 patients had undergone one or more previous surgical procedures for relief of aortic stenosis. The operative mortality has been one patient. At postoperative catheterization, there was a normalization of pressure gradients, and the blood flow through the conduit was 40% of the cardiac output. An interesting case of supravalvular aortic stenosis associated with stenosis of the vessels of the arch is presented.     

Atrial tachycardia ablation in a patient with double outlet right ventricle corrected by surgery.

The development of surgical and percutaneous techniques for treatment or palliation of congenital heart disease has prolonged survival in these patients and has increased late complications, particularly arrhythmias. Such arrhythmias are more frequently refractory to medical therapy, requiring percutaneous ablation. We present the clinical case of a 14-year-old child with complex congenital heart disease (double outlet right ventricle) who underwent two corrective surgeries (Rastelli operation and subsequent replacement of the homograft in the conduit connecting the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery; ventricular septal defect closure and tricuspid valve repair). After the second surgery the patient presented with wide complex syncopal tachycardia, refractory to medical therapy. Electrophysiologic study (EPS) identified an isthmus-dependent atrial flutter that was successfully treated by radiofrequency (RF) ablation (a linear block was created along the cavo-tricuspid isthmus). Three months later a new episode of tachycardia occurred, but without syncope. The second EPS revealed an atrial tachycardia originating from the lateral wall of the right atrium, which was treated by ablation with focal application of RF energy. Four months after the last EPS the child remains free of arrhythmic symptoms, under no anti-arrhythmic therapy.     

Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Replacement and Tricuspidization in a Patient with an Asymmetric Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Aortic valve replacement is the standard surgical procedure for severe aortic regurgitation. Due to advances over the past decade, there have been substantial improvements in aortic root graft design, in aortic valve repair techniques, and in the understanding of valvular function in the remodeled aortic root. Herein, we describe the case of a dyspneic patient with an asymmetric bicuspid aortic valve who underwent valve-sparing aortic root replacement and tricuspidization. The patient subsequently resumed strenuous physical activity and was asymptomatic 2 years after the operation.Key words: Aortic diseases/pathology/surgery/ultrasonography, aortic valve/abnormalities, aortic valve insufficiency/complications/surgery/ultrasonography, cardiac surgical procedures/methods, suture techniques, treatment outcomeThe conventional surgery for severe aortic regurgitation has been aortic valve replacement. This procedure, however, may soon become obsolete due to advances in aortic valve repair. Over the past decade, there have been substantial improvements in aortic root graft design, in aortic valve repair technique, and in the understanding of valvular function in the remodeled aortic root.^1–7 Herein, we describe the case of a patient with complex aortic root disease who underwent surgical repair.     

114例先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形的外科治疗及中远期随访

目的:总结先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形外科治疗的临床特点及中、远期随访结果,初步探讨手术适应证、方式及应注意问题。方法:本院2003年2月至2007年12月,对先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形患者施行手术治疗共114例,年龄8～91岁,平均(45.6±18.3)岁;男性89例,女性25例。手术均在气管插管全麻低温(28～32℃)体外循环下进行。主动脉瓣机械瓣替换106例,生物瓣替换4例,主动脉瓣成型3例,ROSS术1例,主动脉根部替换1例。同期行升主动脉替换2例、升主动脉包裹2例、冠状动脉旁路移植术1例。结果:术后早期死亡1例,病死率0.88%,死亡原因为心力衰竭。术后并发症8例,其中二次开胸止血1例,低心排出量综合征6例,呼吸功能衰竭1例,均经住院治疗痊愈出院。随访103例,随访时间20～77个月,平均(31±24)个月,非心脏原因死亡1例,无二次手术,所有存活的患者心功能分级均为Ⅰ或Ⅱ级。结论:主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形患者的临床特点具有多样性,在掌握适应证的条件下应根据患者的不同临床特点选择合适的术式。