重型颅脑创伤316例临床分析

目的:探讨重型颅脑损伤后救治时间及GCS评分对患者预后的影响。方法:回顾分析山西省榆次市人民医院自1993年1月至2003年12月收治的316例重型颅脑外伤患者的临床资料。结果:研究组中颅脑损伤患者伤后小于3h救治者病死率25.66%,3h～24h者为37.13%,大于24h者为47.22%。随着救治时间的延长病死率呈上升趋势,各组间差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。GCS计分3分～5分颅脑损伤患者病死率为51.00%,6分～8分者为23.32%,各组间差异具有显著性(P<0.0005)。结论:重型颅脑损伤者的预后主要取决于原发伤程度,原发伤愈重GCS评分愈低,其预后愈差;伤后救治时间愈早,患者预后相应愈好。     

重型颅脑损伤58例的救治体会

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤(GCS≤8分)治疗的临床经验.方法 2000年1月～2002年12月采用手术或非手术及其它综合疗法治疗重型颅脑损伤58例.结果 GCS 3～8分患者死亡率为25.9%,GCS 3～5分患者死亡率为54.2%.结论重型颅脑损伤患者的预后与伤后GCS评分密切相关.及时适当的治疗可改善部分患者的预后.     

急性重型颅脑损伤57例临床分析

目的:探讨急性重型颅脑损伤昏迷程度与临床预后的关系.方法:对57例急性重型颅脑损伤按入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS),7～8分23例,4～6分22例,3分12例,分别观察其预后.结果:入院时GCS 7～8分无死亡,恢复良好14例;4～6分死亡13例(病死率59.1%),恢复良好2例;3分死亡11例(病死率91.7%).结论:急性重型颅脑损伤昏迷程度愈高,病死率愈高,功能恢复愈差.     

重型颅脑损伤212例GCS评分分析

目的：探讨重型颅脑损伤（GCS≤8分）的治疗方法。方法：通过回顾,对我院神经外科自2000年1月-2006年12月收治的212例GCS≤8分的重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料进行分析。结果：212例中,术后恢复良好72例（33.96%）,中残48例（22.64%）,重残16例（7.55%）,植物生存9例（4.24%）,病死67例（31.60%）。其中,入院时GCS评分为3-5分者病死率59.38%;6-8分者病死率19.59%。结论：GCS评分是评估重型颅脑损伤预后的重要指标之一。     

颅脑损伤CT图像计分与临床GCS评分的相关性研究

目的 探讨颅脑损伤的CT图像计分与临床GCS评分的相关性.方法 采用150例颅脑损伤病人为研究对象,行头颅层厚8mm层距8mmCT连续平扫,测量CT图像计分及依据临床GCS标准进行GCS评分.结果 依CT图像计分将颅脑损害分为轻型(≤5分)占43.3%(65例),中型(6-10分)占31.5%(47例),重型(≥11分)占25.3%(38例);依GCS标准进行颅脑损伤评分为轻型(13-15分)占40.7%(65例),中型(9-12分)占33.3%(50例),重型(3-8分)占26%(39例).颅脑损伤两种评分之间的差异在统计学上无显著性(p&lt;0.005).结论 颅脑损伤CT图像计分与临床GCS评分存在较好的一致性.CT图像计分能为颅脑损伤的临床病情评价及判断预后提供重要的客观依据.     

颅脑损伤CT图像计分与临床GCS评分的相关性研究

目的探讨颅脑损伤的CT图像计分与临床GCS评分的相关性。方法采用150例颅脑损伤病人为研究对象,行头颅层厚8mm层距8mm CT连续平扫,测量CT图像计分及依据临床GCS标准进行GCS评分。结果依CT图像计分将颅脑损害分为轻型(≤5分)占43.3%(65例),中型(6-10分)占31.5%(47例),重型(≥11分)占25.3%(38例);依GCS标准进行颅脑损伤评分为轻型(13-15分)占40.7%(65例),中型(9-12分)占33.3%(50例),重型(3-8分)占26%(39例)。颅脑损伤两种评分之间的差异在统计学上无显著性(p<0.005)。结论颅脑损伤CT图像计分与临床GCS评分存在较好的一致性。CT图像计分能为颅脑损伤的临床病情评价及判断预后提供重要的客观依据。     

46例重型颅脑损伤患者临床护理体会

目的 探讨有效的重型颅脑损伤患者临床护理措施.方法 回顾性分析2009～2010年间收治的46例重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料,总结临床护理体会.结果 46例患者经有效护理干预后,根据GCS进行评分,19例GCS为3～5分,27例GCS为6～8分,其中22例(47.8%)恢复良好,14例(30.4%)为中残,7例(15.2%)为重残,3例(6.5%)因肺部严重感染和中枢性呼吸循环衰竭,经抢救无效死亡.结论 通过对重型颅脑损伤患者实施有效的综合护理,能够降低病死率和致残率,提高临床疗效,减少并发症的发生,极大的提高患者的生活质量,加快患者的康复.     

重型颅脑损伤后高钠血症与预后关系分析

目的 分析重型颅脑损伤患者高钠血症与临床预后的关系,进一步了解高钠血症的危害性.方法 对2009～2010年收治的186例重型颅脑外伤患者,每天2次测血清钠＞150mmol/L的47例诊断为高钠血症,其中有手术指征者及时手术治疗,保守治疗者给予脱水、预防感染、止血及维持水电解质平衡等其他对症支持治疗.结果 出现高钠血症的47例患者死亡25例(53.2%),未出现高钠血症的139例患者死亡31例(22.3%),两者病死率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).出现高钠血症的患者表现为特重型颅脑损伤(GCS评分3～5分)33例(70.2%),未出现高钠血症的患者表现为特重型颅脑损伤52例(37.4%),两者特重型颅脑损伤患者所占比率的差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高钠血症是重型颅脑损伤后并发的急危重症,能加重颅脑损伤后的病情,且一旦发生病死率极高,可能是致死的重要危险因素之一.     

重型颅脑损伤患者血清NSE检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)作为重型颅脑损伤患者神经损伤特异标志物的可行性.方法 选取96例重型颅脑损伤患者(GCS≤8)和25例健康体检者作为研究对象,入院时,按格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)将患者分为特重型组(GCS 3～5分)和重型组(GCS 6～8分);按CT检查结果将患者依损伤类型分为3组:脑挫裂...     

标准大骨瓣在重型颅脑损伤中的应用

目的:探讨标准大骨瓣开颅手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法:分别采用标准大骨瓣与经典开颅手术治疗重型颅脑损伤病人142例,比较其预后。结果:伤后GCS评分标准大骨瓣组71例中,4～5分25例(35.2%),2～3分27例(38.0%),1分19例(26.8%)经典开颅组71例中,4～5分11例(15.4%),2～3分30例(42.3%),1分31例(42.3%),GCS1分及4～5分者两组比较,相差显著(P<0.01)。结论:在重型颅脑损伤病人,行标准大骨瓣开颅术者预后明显优于经典开颅术者。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.