西酞普兰与氟西汀治疗老年抑郁症对照研究

目的 比较西酞普兰和氟西汀治疗老年抑郁症的疗效及安全性.方法 将54例老年抑郁症患者随机分为西酞普兰组和氟西汀组,分别给予西酞普兰和氟西汀治疗,疗程6周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和副反应.结果 2组总体疗效相当,显效率分别为82.3%和75.6%.但2周末时HAMD评分及减分率、HAMA评分2组间差异有显著性,说明西酞普兰起效较快.2组不良反应均较轻,安全性好.结论 西酞普兰是一种安全有效的抗抑郁药,能用于老年抑郁症患者.     

喹硫平与氟西汀治疗抑郁焦虑共病的对照研究

目的探讨喹硫平与氟西汀对抑郁焦虑障碍共病的疗效和安全性。方法收集抑郁焦虑障碍共病的患者80例,分为喹硫平组和氟西汀组各40例,疗程8周。使用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评定疗效,以治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果喹硫平组有38例、氟西汀组有37例完成8周的研究。治疗8周2组HAMD和HAMA量表减分率无统计学差异,治疗1周末喹硫平组疗效优于氟西汀组。治疗8周后喹硫平组有效率为89.5%（34/38）,氟西汀组为89.2%（33/37）。喹硫平组无转躁患者,氟西汀组1例转躁。喹硫平组头晕的发生率明显多于氟西汀组。结论喹硫平单药治疗抑郁焦虑障碍共病的疗效与氟西汀相当,喹硫平组头晕者较多。     

帕罗西汀和氟西汀治疗伴焦虑症状抑郁症的疗效对照分析

目的　比较帕罗西汀和氟西汀治疗伴焦虑症状的抑郁症的临床疗效及副反应。方法　符合CCMD - 3抑郁症的诊断标准 ,并且汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分 >14分的门诊及住院患者 5 8例 ,随机分为两组 ,为期 6周的治疗 ,于治疗前及治疗后第 1、2、4、6周末用汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表 (HAMA)评定疗效 ,以不良反应症状量表 (TESS)观察副作用。结果　帕罗西汀和氟西汀治疗伴焦虑症状的抑郁症的显效率分别为 85 19%和 81 4 8% ,无显著差异。两组的HAMD减分率亦相当 (P >0 0 5 )。两组的HAMA减分率有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。两组的副反应相当 ,且均较轻。结论　帕罗西汀和氟西汀对伴焦虑症状的抑郁症的疗效均显著 ,抗抑郁效果两药相当 ,抗焦虑效果前者优于后者。两者副反应均较轻。     

文拉法辛与氟西汀治疗抑郁症伴躯体症状对照研究

目的：比较文拉法辛与氟西汀治疗抑郁症伴躯体症状的临床疗效。方法：将77例患者随机分为两组,分别给予文拉法辛与氟西汀治疗6周,用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）作为评定指标分别于治疗前后评定疗效和不良反应。结果：文拉法辛组总有效率和临床治愈率分别为89.74%和66.67%,明显高于氟西汀组（分别为71.05%和39.47%）;两组HAMD评分治疗后均显著下降（P〈0.01）,文拉法辛组总分和焦虑/躯体化因子分,明显低于氟西汀组（P〈0.05）。结论：在治疗躯体症状方面,文拉法辛优于氟西汀。     

抑郁症的药物治疗(二)氟西汀合用氯硝西泮治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的：评价氟西汀合用氯硝西泮对抑郁症的疗效。方法：将氟西汀、氯硝西泮和氟西汀、安慰剂作随机双盲对照治疗50例抑郁症,以汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)分值为依据,作疗效评定。以不良反应症状量表(TESS)评定副反应。结果：研究组显效时间平均为(12.31±4.65)天,2周末、3周末时减分率与对照组相比有显著差异。两组不同时间TESS总分无显著差异。结论：氟西汀合用氯硝西泮治疗抑郁症,起效早,减少自杀率及某些副反应。     

氟西汀联合氯硝安定治疗抑郁症的疗效对照观察

目的评价氟西汀联合氯硝安定对抑郁症的疗效.方法将氟西汀联合氯硝安定与氟西汀联合安慰剂作随机对照治疗60例抑郁症,并以汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)分值为依据作疗效评定,以不良反应症状量表(TESS)评定副反应.结果研究组显效时间平均为(11.7±4.6)天;在第2周、3周末时减分率与对照组相比有显著差异;两组不同时间的TESS总分无显著性差异.结论氟西汀联合氯硝安定治疗抑郁症起效早,可减少自杀率及某些副反应.     

氟西汀合并多塞平治疗抑郁症的疗效对照研究

目的 评价氟西汀合并多塞平治疗抑郁症的疗效及安全性.方法 将52例符合CCMD-3诊断标准的抑郁症患者随机分为研究组和对照组.研究组在常规给予氟西汀治疗的基础上,合并小剂量的多塞平治疗;对照组则仅给予氟西汀治疗.疗程6周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及不良反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应.结果 两组疗效相当（P＞0.05）,即研究组显效率为80.8%,对照组为73.1%;但在第1及第2周末研究组HAMD评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后各周研究组HAMA评分均显著低于对照组;TESS评分两组间无显著性差异.结论 氟西汀合并小剂量多塞平治疗抑郁症起效快,能显著改善患者伴发的焦虑症状,安全性亦高.     

米氮平与氟西汀治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的 评价米氮平与氟西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效和不良反应。方法 将69例抑郁症患者随机分为两组，分别给予米氮平和氟西汀治疗，疗程6周。并用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应。结果 米氮平组有效率91.4%，治愈率62.9%，氟西汀组91.2%，61.8%，两组疗效相仿。在治疗1周末，米氮平组的HAMD评分低于氟西汀组，差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。两药不良反应少。结论 米氮平是一种安全、有效的且起效较快的抗抑郁药物。     

氟西汀合用氯硝西泮治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的评价氟西汀合用氯硝西泮对抑郁症的疗效。方法将氟西汀、氯硝西泮和氟西汀、安慰剂作随机双盲对照治疗50例抑郁症，以汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)分值为依据，作疗效评定。以不良反应症状量表(TESS)评定副反应。结果研究组显效时间平均为(12.31±4.65)天，2周末、3周末时减分率与对照组相比有显著差异。两组不同时间TESS总分无显著差异。结论氟西汀合用氯硝西泮治疗抑郁症，起效早，减少自杀率及某些副反应。     

氟西汀合并利培酮治疗难治性抑郁症的对照研究

目的 探讨氟西汀合并利培酮治疗难治性抑郁症的安全性和疗效.方法 将92例难治性抑郁症患者随机分为两组,研究组采用氟西汀合并利培酮治疗,对照组采用氟西汀治疗,分别在治疗后第2、4、8、12周末,评定汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和临床总体印象量表(CGI),同时采用Asberg抗抑郁剂副反应量表评定两组药物的副反应.结果 根据HAMD评分,两组8周末减分率分别为(31.85±12.78)、(19.00±11.88),两组12周末减分率分别为(48.46±20.75)、(29.54±16.85),两组间差异均具有显著性意义(P＜0.05).根据CGI评分,两组8周末评分分别为(2.31±0.95)、(3.15±1.06),两组12周末评分分别为(2.00±1.00)、(2.92±1.19),两组间差异具有显著性意义(P＜0.05).药物副反应两组间无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 氟西汀联合利培酮治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效好,副反应无明显增加.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。