辽细辛地下部分的化学成分(Ⅱ)

目的对辽细辛地下部分进行化学成分研究。方法采用反复硅胶柱色谱法分离纯化,通过理化性质和谱学分析鉴定化合物结构。结果分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为马兜铃酰胺Ⅰ(aristololactamⅠ,1)、7-甲氧基马兜铃酰胺(7-methoxy-aristololactam,2)、马兜铃酸Ⅳa(aristolochicacidⅣa,3)、对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid,4)、5,7-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基柚皮素(5,7-di-O-β-D-glucpyranosyl-narigenin,5)、2,6-二甲氧基-4-甲基苯基-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2,6-dime-thoxy-4-methylphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,6)。结论化合物4、6为细辛属内首次分离得到,化合物2、5为从该植物中首次分离得到。     

远志地上部分10个黄酮类成分的分离及抗氧化活性研究(英文)

研究远志地上部分的化学成分并测试其抗氧化活性。运用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、ODS及半制备液相,从远志地上部分中分离得到10个黄酮类化合物。用DPPH自由基清除试验测定了其抗氧化活性。分离所得化合物经光谱数据分析鉴定其结构分别为:异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4),蒙花苷(5),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),5,7-二羟基-3-甲氧基黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸(7),异鼠李素(8),山奈酚(9)和槲皮素(10)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1–5和7均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。活性测试结果表明,化合物3、4、6、8、9和10表现出一定的抗氧化活性。     

黄花蒿水提物黄酮苷类成分研究

采用HP-20大孔吸附树脂、MCI柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱、中压液相色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及制备液相色谱等多种色谱技术,从黄花蒿水提物的正丁醇部位分离得到21个黄酮苷类化合物。根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据确定了它们的结构,分别为甲氧基万寿菊素-7-O-β-D-吡喃木糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、荭草苷(2)、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-8-C-β-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(3)、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃半乳糖-8-C-β-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(4)、芹菜素-6-C-β-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、芹菜素-6-C-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、芹菜素-6-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、芹菜素-6,8-二-C-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、万寿菊素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、木犀草素-6-C-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)、牡荆素(12)、山柰酚-3-O-β-吡喃半乳糖-(1→2)-β-吡喃葡萄...     

维药两色金鸡菊花化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究维药两色金鸡菊花的化学成分,以期更好地开发利用金鸡菊。方法采用聚酰胺、Sephadex LH-20和ODS柱色谱等分离手段进行化学成分的分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定其化学结构。结果从两色金鸡菊花醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,1)、3',4',7-三羟基黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2)、槲皮素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,3)、6,7,3',4'-四羟基橙酮(6,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyaurone,4)、3',5',5-三羟基二氢黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3',5',5-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,5)、紫铆花素-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(butein-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,6)、奥卡宁(okanin,7)、马里苷(marein,8)。结论化合物1~5为首次从金鸡菊属植物中分离得到,化合物6为首次从该两色金鸡菊花中分离得到。     

黄连水提液化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的对黄连(Coptis chinensis Franch.)的化学成分进行研究。方法采用不同柱色谱技术进行分离,通过波谱手段确定化合物结构。结果分离鉴定了22个化合物,其中9个生物碱类化合物,分别为小檗碱(berberine,1)、巴马亭(palmatine,2)、黄连碱(coptisine,3)、表小檗碱(epiberber-ine,4)、药根碱(jatrorrhizine,5)、非洲防己碱(columbamine,6)、groenlandicine(7)、木兰花碱(mag-noflorine,8)、8-氧化黄连碱(8-oxocoptisine,9);9个有机酸类化合物,分别为5-阿魏酰奎宁酸(5-O-feruloyl-D-quinic acid,10)、4-阿魏酰奎宁酸(4-O-feruloyl-D-quinic acid,11)、3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid,12)、阿魏酸(ferulic acid,13)、香草酸-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(va-nillic acid-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,14)、3-(3',4'-二羟基苯基)-(2R)-乳酸-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-(2R)-lactic acid-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,15)、3-(4'-羟基苯基)-(2R)-乳酸(3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-(2R)-lactic acid,16)、3-(3',4'-二羟基苯基)-(2R)-乳酸(3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-(2R)-lactic acid,17)、3-(3',4'-二羟基苯基)-(2R)-乳酸甲酯(3-(3',4'-di-hydroxyphenyl)-(2R)-lactic acid methyl ester,18);4个木脂素类化合物,分别为异落叶松树脂素-9-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(isolarisiresinol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,19)、(+)-松脂醇-4,4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷((+)-pinoresinol-4,4'-O-β-D-diglucopyranoside,20)、7S,8R,8'R-(+)-落叶松脂素-4,4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7S,8R,8'R-(+)-larisiresnol-4,4'-O-β-D-diglucopyranoside,21)、7S,8R,8'R-(+)-落叶松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7S,8R,8'R-(+)-larisiresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,22)。结论化合物15、16、18-22为首次从黄连植物中分离得到,化合物16、18、19首次从黄连属植物中分离得到。     

决明子中萘骈吡喃酮类衍生物的分离与鉴定

目的研究决明子(Cassia obtusifolia L.)的化学成分。方法综合运用多种色谱学分离手段进行分离纯化,根据化合物波谱学数据对其结构进行鉴定。结果从决明子中共分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为2-甲基-5,10-二羟基-8-甲氧基-4H-萘[1,2-b]吡喃-4-酮-10-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、demethylflavasperone gentiobioside(2)、去甲基红镰霉素-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、去甲基红镰霉素-6-O-β-D-(6'-O-乙酰基)吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、nor-rubrofusarin gentiobioside(5)。结论化合物1为新化合物。     

沙葱化学成分的分离与结构鉴定Ⅰ

目的对产自内蒙古阿拉善盟的百合科葱属植物沙葱的化学成分进行研究,为其在食品营养和药理活性方面的研究提供依据。方法采用大孔吸附树脂、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱及制备型高效液相色谱法等手段对其化学成分进行分离、纯化,并结合化合物的理化性质与波谱学数据鉴定结构。结果从沙葱中分离鉴定了7个单体成分,分别为山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(2)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、山柰酚-3-芸香糖苷-4'-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷(5)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、山柰酚-3-O-龙胆二糖苷-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)。结论化合物4、6、7为从葱属植物中首次分离得到,化合物1、2、3和5为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

沙生蜡菊花中黄酮类成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究沙生蜡菊(Helichrysum arenarium(L.)Moench)花的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱?ODS柱色谱和HPLC柱色谱分离纯化,依据理化性质、波谱数据分析进行结构鉴定。结果从沙生蜡菊花的甲醇提取物中分离得到8个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为山奈酚3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,1)、木犀草素3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(luteolin3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(luteolin7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,3)、木犀草素6-羟基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(luteolin6-hydroxy-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,4)、木犀草素3′-甲氧基-6-羟基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(luteolin3′-methoxyl-6-hydroxy-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,5)、黄芩素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(scutellarein7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,6)、山柰酚3-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷(kaempferol3-gentiobioside,7)、山柰酚3-O-(3-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(kaempferol3-O-(3-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,8)。结论化合物2、4~8为首次从蜡菊属植物中分离得到。     

维药蜀葵花化学成分的分离与鉴定(Ⅱ)

目的对维药蜀葵花(Althaea rosea(Linn.)Cavan.)的化学成分进行进一步的研究。方法采用正相硅胶、反相ODS、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱及高效液相色谱手段进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质与波谱分析方法鉴定化合物的化学结构。结果从蜀葵花体积分数为95%的乙醇提取物中分离得到9个黄酮类单体成分,分别鉴定为槲皮素(quercetin,1)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2)、槲皮素-3-O-(6″-O-反式对香豆酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,3)、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(quercetin 3-O-rutinoside,4)、槲皮素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,5)、槲皮素-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(quercetin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,6)、槲皮素-3'-甲氧基-3-O-芸香糖苷(quercetin 3'-methoxy-3-O-β-D-rutinoside,7)、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,8)和芹菜素-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(apigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,9)。结论化合物3、7、9为首次从蜀葵属中分离得到,化合物6为首次从蜀葵花中分离得到。     

闽产白花鬼针草乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究

摘要：目的:研究闽产白花鬼针草乙酸乙酯部位化学成分。方法:以硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20色谱及C18反相硅胶色谱分离纯化乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分,以1H-NMR、13C-NMR以及质谱鉴定化学结构。结果:从白花鬼针草乙酸乙酯部位分离、纯化、鉴定了6个黄酮类化合物,分别为:3,3’-二甲氧基槲皮素(1)、2’-羟基-4,4’-二甲氧基查耳酮(2)、山奈酚(3)、槲皮素-3-甲氧基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、槲皮素-3,3’-二甲氧基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、奥卡宁4’-O-β-D-(2″,4″,6″-三乙酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)。结论:6个化合物均首次从白花鬼针草中分离得到,其中,3,3’-二甲氧基槲皮素(1)、槲皮素-3-甲氧基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、槲皮素-3,3’-二甲氧基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5) 3个化合物属于首次从鬼针草属药用植物中分离鉴定。     

Analgesics. 1. Synthesis and analgesic properties of N-sec-alkyl- and N-tert-alkylnormorphines.

A series of N-sec- and N-tert-alkylnormorphines was synthesized and evaluated for analgesic potency, antagonist activity, and opiate receptor binding. Computer-assisted conformational analysis profiles were utilized to assist in the selection of compounds for synthesis and correlation of receptor events with in vivo observations. N-tert-Alkylnormorphines 5a-c were devoid of agonist activity; however, some sec-alkyl analogues showed interesting mixed agonist-antagnoist actions. N-sec-Butyl- and N-(alpha-methylally)normorphine were separated into R and S isomers, which exhibited quantitative pharmacological differences. The N-sec-butyl S isomer 10a showed analgesia approximating morphine with nalorphine-like antagonist activity. Preliminary testing indicates only slight evidence for physical dependence with this compound.     

Discussion of S.G. Donald et al. and R. Davidson

Summary This paper discusses aspects of the papers by S.G. Donald et al. and R. Davidson, which were presented at The Econometrics Journal sponsored special session on the econometrics of inequality measurement, held at the Royal Economics Society Meeting in Surrey in 2010.     

Asthma. Role of T-lymphocytes and lymphokines.

It is now widely accepted that bronchial mucosal inflammation is an important feature of the pathogenesis of asthma. Lymphocytes probably play a role in all inflammatory responses which are antigen driven, since they are the only cells which, through the CD3/antigen receptor complex, directly recognise and respond to processed antigens. Activated T-lymphocytes, through the release of lymphokines, have the capacity to control the amount and nature of inflammatory responses. Increasing evidence is accumulating that activated CD4 T-lymphocytes participate in the inflammatory reaction observed in the asthmatic bronchial mucosa, by secreting lymphokines which attract and activate eosinophils and mast cells. CD4 T-lymphocytes may be a potentially important target for glucocorticoid therapy in asthma. Further characterisation of the functional properties of these cells might allow a definition of asthma in terms of functional abnormalities at the cellular level, and may uncover variability in asthma pathogenesis according to its aetiology.     

Pharmacokinetic differentiation of drug candidates using system analysis and physiological-based modelling. Comparison of C.E.R.A. and erythropoietin

Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics (PKs) in a proper physiological context is paramount to elucidate the factors that may improve a drug's PK properties. Using modern system analysis-based physiological modelling principles, this work applies a novel kinetic analysis framework to a PK comparison of two erythropoietically active drugs, C.E.R.A. (continuous erythropoietin receptor activator) and recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo), aimed at elucidating the main factors responsible for the substantial PK differences seen. The evaluation according to the new model is compared with a compartmental model analysis. Sheep (n = 7 for Epo; n = 8 for C.E.R.A.) received intravenous bolus injections of Epo and C.E.R.A. Baseline and 20-30 blood samples per injection were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Fundamental physiologically based PK building block principles were introduced, proceeding to the construction of a general PK model and several sub-models from which a final PK model was selected based on information theoretical principles. The compartmental comparison analysis use a two-compartment model with central Michaelis-Menten elimination. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the desirable slow elimination of C.E.R.A. relative to Epo is mainly caused by a smaller recirculation extraction fraction, which appears more influential on the elimination kinetics than the mean circulation transit time. The compartmental analysis demonstrates large differences in several PK parameters that contribute to C.E.R.A.'s slower elimination, consistent with the recirculation model analysis. It is hypothesized that C.E.R.A.'s smaller recirculatory extraction fraction is due to a reduced receptor-mediated elimination, consistent with in-vitro measurements where C.E.R.A. shows Epo-receptor binding with a lower association constant and a larger dissociation constant.     

Human moricizine metabolism. II. Quantification and pharmacokinetics of plasma and urinary metabolites.

1. The metabolism of moricizine.HCl was studied in 12 male volunteers dosed with 250 mg (300 microCi) 14C-radiolabelled drug. 2. Moricizine was biotransformed to many metabolites in humans (at least 35 plasma and 51 urine metabolites). 3. Urine and faecal combined mean (range) recovery accounted for 90.2% (73.4-101.6%) of the administered radioactivity, with most of the recovered radioactivity present in faeces (mean 58.4%; range 45.6-64.7%). Mean (range) urinary recovery was 31.8% (26.2-36.9%), with <1% of the dose recovered as intact moricizine, and no one metabolite accounting for >2.5% of the dose. 4. Total radioactivity (TR) plasma t1/2 was 85.2 h, while that for moricizine was 2.4 h. Mean half-lives for plasma metabolites ranged from 2.9 to 23.6 h. The largest portion (11%) of TR AUC (area under the plasma concentration-time curve) was attributed to 2amino-10-glucuronophenothiazine. Each of the other metabolites accounted for less of the TR AUC than parent drug except for two unidentified peaks which had comparable areas (approximately 5% of the total radioactivity area). 5. Two identified moricizine metabolites, 2-amino-10-(3-morpholinopropionyl) phenothiazine and ethyl [10-(3-aminopropionyl) phenothiazin-2-yl] carbamate, possess the structural characteristics proposed for class 1 anti-arrhythmic activity (pendant amine functionality) and have plasma half-lives 4-7-fold longer than moricizine.     

Pyrrolobenzodiazepines and related systems. 2. Synthesis and biological properties of isonoraptazepine derivatives.

The synthesis of some derivatives and analogues of 12,13,14,14a-tetrahydro-9H,11H-pyrazino-[2,1-c]pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]benzodiazepine (isonoraptazepine) is reported. The new derivatives have been subjected to pharmacological tests for evaluation of antidepressant effects. Neurobehavioral assays were also carried out to acquire data on neurotoxicity and sedative action. Isonoraptazepine analogues and derivatives lacked the pharmacological activity of mianserin and aptazepine and showed properties similar to imipramine. Molecular modeling studies revealed structural similarities between isonoraptazepine derivatives and imipramine, thus explaining the similar pharmacological profile found in some of the tests employed. Based on pharmacological data the title compounds cannot be regarded as alpha 2 presynaptic adrenoceptors antagonists. In vitro studies for receptor binding gave support to this observation. The above studies lead us to conclude that isonoraptazepine derivatives are conformationally restricted analogues of imipramine, but their antidepressant activity cannot be correlated to inhibition of 5HT uptake. Among the derivatives tested, 7b and 8e show some affinity for the d-fenfluramine receptor site, a serotonin presynaptic site connected with anorectic activity.