彩色多普勒超声在继发性门静脉海绵样变性中的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声检查在继发性门静脉海绵样变性中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术或DSA证实的继发性门静脉海绵样变性43例,所有病例均行腹部超声检查.结果 43例门静脉海绵样变性患者中,病变部位单纯发生于门静脉主干者24例,占55.81％;病变发生在门静脉主干及左、右分支者9例（其中左支6例、右支3例）占20.93％;脾静脉病变6例,占13.95％;单纯肝内门静脉分支病变3例,占6.98％,全部位于门静脉左支;肠系膜上静脉病变1例,占2.33％.门静脉海绵样变性在彩色多普勒超声诊断中具有典型表现,但仍需与胆管癌、胆管扩张等疾病相鉴别.结论 彩色多普勒超声检查是诊断继发性门静脉海绵样变性的有效检查手段,其诊断率高,可做为门静脉海绵样变性首选检查方法.     

彩色多普勒超声对门静脉海绵样变性的病因学诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对门静脉海绵样变性的病因学诊断价值，以及其声像图改变。方法 应用彩色多普勒超声检查63例门静脉海绵样变性患者，观察门静脉系统的血流状况，结合二维超声，对门静脉海绵样变性的病因作出诊断。结果 彩色多普勒超声显示门静脉主干及周围分支呈蜂窝状、多条迂曲扩张的管状结构，内充满门静脉样血流。引起门静脉海绵样变性的原因主要包括肝硬化伴门静脉血栓和门静脉高压脾切除术后，另外还有肝癌伴门静脉癌栓、门静脉炎和原因不明。结论 彩色多普勒超声对门静脉海绵样变性的病因学有较高的诊断价值。     

门静脉海绵样变性的超声诊断

目的 探讨二维超声彩色多普勒血流显像诊断门静脉海绵样变性的临床价值。方法 总结我院12例经手术治疗病例的临床和超声资料。结果 门静脉海绵样变性二维超声显示肝门区结构紊乱，呈蜂窝状或迂曲的管状元回声区，彩色多普勒血流显像呈红蓝相间的彩色血流信号，脉冲多普勒将取样容积置于病变区内可探及平坦低速的连续性门脉样血流信号。结论 二维超声彩色多普勒血流显像是诊断门静脉海绵样变性的理想的影像学技术。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断门静脉海绵样变性的临床应用价值

目的讨论二维超声和彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)在门静脉海绵样变性中的诊断价值及其临床意义。方法选取2014年4月至2015年3月,5例门静脉海绵样变性患者进行研究,观察患者门静脉情况、血流情况等进行分析。结果门静脉海绵样变性的二维超声与彩色多普勒显像具有特异性,其声像比较特殊,诊断准确率较高。结论彩色多普勒超声能够很客观的反映出患者门静脉海绵样变性的位置、性质等特点,具有十分重要的临床价值。     

门静脉海绵样变性的二维彩色多普勒超声诊断价值

应用二维彩色多普勒血流显像诊断７例门静脉海绵样变性,其中５例经手术证实,２例经血管造影证实,诊断符合率为１００％。结果表明,门静脉海绵样性的二维超声具有特征性改变,结合彩色多普勒血流显像（ＣＤＦＩ）及脉冲多普勒（ＰＤ）可进一步明确诊断并进行鉴别诊断。结论：二维彩色多普勒血流显像是诊断门静脉海绵样变性的理想的影像技术。     

彩色多普勒在肝硬化合并门静脉阻塞中的应用价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒对门静脉癌栓和血栓的诊断价值.方法 对64例肝内静脉内实质团块进行二维和彩色CDFI检查,并与部位及血流进行分析.结果 64例门静脉阻塞患者,肝癌伴门静脉癌栓56例,巨块型28例,结节型24例,弥漫型4例,病变直径2-10cm.肝硬化门静脉高压脾切手术后,门静脉血栓8例.癌栓在主干20例,右支+主干10例,主干+左支+右支10例,主干+右支6例,左支6例,右支4例.门静脉血栓8例,位于主干及左支内.结论 二维超声+CDFI检查肝内门静脉系统阻塞有较高的诊断价值.     

彩色多普勒超声对门静脉海绵样变性的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对门静脉海绵样变性的诊断价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对12例门静脉海绵样变的声像图进行观察和分析。结果12例门静脉海绵样变性,全部经CT及动脉间接门静脉造影证实,其中5例为原发性,肝脏损害轻微,7例为继发性,肝脏损害严重。门静脉海绵样变性二维超声显像肝门区结构紊乱,呈蜂窝状或网格状无回声区;彩色多普勒呈红蓝相间彩色血流信号;脉冲多普勒在蜂窝状或网格状无回声区显示门静脉样血流频谱。结论彩色多普勒超声具有无创性、无放射性、简便、实时的优点,可准确地对门静脉海绵样变性做出诊断。     

门静脉海绵样变性的超声诊断

目的　探讨门静脉海绵样变性二维超声彩色多普勒血流显像的特点。方法　用二维超声重点观察门静脉系统的肝内外分支 ,用彩色多普勒血流显像显示病变区的血流状态和分布情况 ,用脉冲多普勒显示其频谱测量其血流参数 ,用能量多普勒观察病变区域迂曲盘旋的扩张血管和微血管的充盈情况。结果　二维超声为肝门区结构紊乱 ,呈蜂窝状或盘曲管状液性暗区 ,CDFI呈红蓝相间彩色血流图像 ,脉冲多普勒 (PD)门静脉周围海绵样病变区探及门脉样血流频谱。结论　二维超声彩色多普勒血流显像为门脉海绵样病变早期诊断开辟了一新的途径。构 ,CDFI显示为红蓝点状血流信号 ,脉冲多普勒为低平的慢速静脉频谱 ,造成胆囊壁增厚的主要原因是由于门脉狭窄及高压时胆囊静脉回流受阻发生静脉样变 ,侧支循环建立。二维超声 ,CDFI ,脉冲多普勒及PDI联合应用能早期正确判定是否门静脉阻塞及阻塞的程度 ,而且可获取门脉血流频谱及测定血流动力学参数 ,可直观地显示治疗后的恢复情况并能很好地与肝门处囊性病变相鉴别 ,其特异性强 ,敏感性高 ,为门脉海绵样病变的早期诊断开辟了一条新的途径。     

原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓的DSA表现

目的：评价原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓的数字减影血管造影（DSA）表现特点，并探讨其造影的方法与价值。方法：回顾性分析了1994年3月至2001年6月期间的72例门静脉癌栓患者的肠系膜上动脉造影，腹腔动脉造影及肝动脉造影资料。结果：门静脉主干发生癌栓22例，右支癌栓12例，左支癌栓10例，主干和右支受累者14例，主干和左支受累6例，主干和左右支均有癌栓者8例。DSA表现有门静脉充盈缺损、线样征和门静脉海绵样变等。结论：动脉性门脉造影的DSA检查对显示和诊断门静脉癌栓具有较高的敏感性和特异性。门静脉充盈缺损、线样征和门静脉海绵样变等DSA表现具有特征性。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断肝癌门静脉癌栓的临床分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)诊断肝癌门静脉癌栓的临床价值.方法回顾性分析50例肝癌门静脉癌栓彩色多普勒超声影像表现,观察肝癌部位、大小、门静脉内部回声及周边血流特点.结果肝癌弥漫型、结节型、巨块型中以前者伴发门静脉癌栓率最高;而门静脉癌栓好发部位依次为主干、左支、右支;门静脉癌栓二维超声表现为门静脉内径增宽,管腔内见局限性或弥漫性实体回声,部分或完全阻塞管腔,门静脉周围尚可出现海绵样变性;CDFI则表现为门静脉血流变细或中断.结论肝癌合并门静脉癌栓有血流动力学的特殊变化,CD-FI诊断肝癌门静脉癌栓是临床首选方法之一.     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.