计算机辅助多环境下运行的容貌正侧面软组织测量分析系统的开发及应用Ⅰ.测量分析系统的开发

利用５８６多媒体微机、彩色摄像机、视霸卡、ＥｐｓｏｎＧＴ－５０００扫描仪及图像数字化仪等硬件，在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ３．１和Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５环境下，采用ＶｉｓｕａｌＢａｓｉｃ语言，开发了计算机辅助多环境下运行的容貌正侧面软组织测量分析系统。该系统具有：１．正侧貌软组织双重测量功能和动态数据库管理功能，以及文件管理功能。２．在摄像机、扫描仪及图像数字化仪图像输入设备下运行的独特性能。３．具有图、文、声音并茂的多媒体特性，具有非常友好的用户界面，测量速度快，精度高。４．新增了一些测量项目。该系统的用途：适用于口腔正畸、正颌外科和颜面部整形外科临床治疗前、中、后的容貌正侧面软组织特征的量化分析及疗效比较，也适用于容貌特征普查和容貌特征的多媒体教学用。     

计算机辅助多环境下运行的容貌正侧面软组织测量分析系统的…

利用５８６多媒体微机、彩色摄像机、视霸卡、Ｅｐｓｏｎ ＧＴ－５０００扫描仪及图像数字化仪等硬件，在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ３．１和Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５环境下，采用ＶｉｓｕａｌＢａｓｉｃ语言，开发了计算机辅助多环境下运行的容貌正侧面软组织测量分析系统。该系统具有：１．正侧貌软组织双重测量功能和动态数据库管理功能，以及文件管理功能。２．在摄像机、扫描仪及图像数字化仪图像输入设备下运行的独特性能。３．具有图、文、声     

牙槽骨增量骨皮质切开术后2种植骨材料成骨的影像学分析

目的 探讨错畸形患者牙槽骨增量骨皮质切开术的成骨效果。方法 收集进行牙槽骨增量骨皮质切开术的错畸形患者42例,分为2组,瑞邦骨粉植骨22例（第1组）,Bio-oss骨粉植骨20例（第2组）。应用锥形束CT（cone-beam CT,CBCT）测量2组患者术前（T0）、术后2周（T1）、术后3个月（T2）、术后6个月（T3）牙槽骨相关指标,采用SPSS 21.0软件包对数据进行单因素方差分析。结果 第2组的唇侧骨高度（HL）在T0至T2时增加（P<0.001）;2组的根尖部唇侧骨厚度（TL1）及根中部唇侧骨厚度（TL2）在T0至T1时增加,T1至T2时减少（P<0.001）;2组的根尖非植骨区域CT值（CTn）在T0至T1时减少,T1至T3时增加（P<0.001）;2组的植骨区域CT值（CTg）在T1至T3时减少（P<0.001）。TL1、TL2、CTn、CTg的组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 错畸形患者通过牙槽骨增量骨皮质切开术,可在术区实现充分的骨增量,无明显牙周损伤及牙根吸收。2种植骨材料成骨效果理想,术后随访半年,成骨情况稳定。     

The study of automatic cephalometric analysis system]

OBJECTIVE: To develop a system of automatic cephalometric analysis and compare the reliability of the computer software systems (ACAS and OSPES). METHODS: The establishment of the ACAS computer software system by image processing technique was introduced. 15 cephalograms were used for comparing the reliability of cephalometry between ACAS and OSPES. RESULTS: The results shown that the ACAS is more reliable for soft tissue profile measurement than OSPES. CONCLUSION: The application of ACAS would supply a valuable measurement tool for orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.     

Comparing digital and conventional cephalometric radiographs.

With the introduction of digital cephalometry in orthodontics, many clinicians have cephalometric radiographs for a patient taken on 2 different cephalostats. Comparing these images is difficult because of differences in magnification between the 2 units. This article describes how to determine the magnification of a cephalometric radiograph and how to change the dimensions of a digital image to match a conventional image.     

上颌单颌拨牙矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错He

目的 探讨上颌单颌拨牙矫治安氏Ⅱ类１分类错Ｈｅ的疗效、适应证和临床意义。方法 对１４例安氏Ⅱ类１分类错Ｈｅ患者采用上颌单颌拔牙模式进行矫治，将矫治前后的Ｘ线头影测量数据进行对比。结果 ①１－ＦＨ角减少１１．０３＾。，＾－１－ＭＰ角增加３．０７＾。；②下颌综合长度增加３．３０ｍｍ；③上、下唇突度分别减小２．６５ｍｍ和１．６４ｍｍ。上述测量项目矫治前、后的均值之间，差异具有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５～０．０     

Are pre-treatment psychological characteristics influenced by pre-surgical orthodontics?

A number of investigations have looked at psychological changes occurring in association with orthognathic treatment. However, most of these studies have used a pre-surgery questionnaire as the baseline measurement. There is little data relating to the true baseline, i.e. that prior to any active treatment. Until this aspect is investigated, it is not possible to assume that pre-surgery is an acceptable baseline. This questionnaire based study aimed to assess changes in six psychological outcome measures between T1 (prior to any active treatment) and T2 (following pre-surgical orthodontics/prior to surgery). The outcome variables were: state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, self-esteem, body image, and facial body image. Sixty-two patients (39 females and 23 males) completed both questionnaires. The results showed that intervention, in the form of orthodontic treatment, had a minimal effect on the chosen psychometric outcome variables. There was a significant reduction in satisfaction with body image amongst patients who initially reported mild to moderate dental/facial problems, whilst a moderate increase in satisfaction occurred in those patients reporting severe conditions initially. Also of note were significant increases in state anxiety amongst older patients whilst trait anxiety showed greater increases in females than males.     

颌骨牵引成骨术术前术后正畸治疗的初步研究

目的 探讨颌骨牵引成骨术术前术后正畸治疗的要求和原则。方法 对４例患者行颌骨牵引成骨术,年龄１９～２５岁,平均２１．５岁。４例分别行术后、术前术后正畸治疗。结果 ①颌骨牵引成骨术的术前正畸治疗较为简单,一般情况在短时间内排齐上下牙列,便于不锈钢圆丝的应用。②颌骨牵引成骨术的术后正畸治疗最具特色且较为复杂。术后正畸的首要任务是采用颌间垂直牵引,使脱离咬合的后牙在短时间内建立Ｈｅ关系。在垂直牵引时,宜采用非常轻力。有些患乾需要采用颌间交互牵引,在纠正牙区开Ｈｅ的同时,敌正后牙的覆盖的关系。③颌骨牵引成骨术后,有些患者需要扩大上颌牙弓,矫正后牙的反Ｈｅ。④颌骨牵引成骨术后,由于肌肉的牵拉,颌骨有复发的趋势,因此除在骨牵引成骨术后保留骨牵引器２～３个月外,还应在术后正畸治疗时,尽早换用较粗的唇弓,以利于进行Ⅱ类或Ⅲ类颌     

A customized distraction device for alveolar ridge augmentation and alignment of ankylosed teeth

The purpose of this study was to develop an extraosseous, tooth-supported miniature intraoral device that could produce prosthetically driven bone distraction of small atrophic alveolar ridge segments. Extraosseous distraction requires that the distraction device be anchored to a dental implant previously placed into the ridge according to its anatomic axis. A distractor can also correct the position of implants placed in young patients before skeletal growth is completed. Similarly, it allows the alignment of ankylosed teeth not treatable by orthodontics. The device is made of (1) an engine consisting of an orthodontic micrometric screw; (2) a joint between the implant and the engine, ie, the ball attachment/o-ring system; and (3) an anchorage system to the oral cavity provided by an orthodontic appliance and a mini-implant for possible additional support. Surgery involves an osteotomy of the atrophic alveolar ridge segment, incorporating the implant, from the basal bone; afterward the device can be applied and distraction of the segment can be carried out. Distraction was successfully performed in 3 clinical cases: 2 bone-implant segments and 1 bone-ankylosed tooth segment. All cases were clinically uneventful. This mini-device for osteogenic distraction of small atrophic ridge segments can provide for accurate and precise ridge augmentation, as is required for ideal prosthetic rehabilitation.     

正颌手术患者人格特征分析

目的：研究正颌手术患者人格特征,并与普通人群进行比较,为日益增多的正颌手术医疗纠纷提供心理评估的定量参照。方法：采用卡特尔16种个性因素测验（16PF）和艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）,分别评定患者组（30例）及对照组（50例）被试者的人格特征,2组经均衡性检验,在年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况等方面无显著性差异（p〉0.05）。结果：在16PF人格因素中,患者组（L因素）怀疑性因子得分明显高于对照组。EPQ中P量表（精神质性量表）2组之间有显著性差异（p〈0.05）。结论：正颌手术患者人格特征为敏感多疑、不信任别人;精神质、有与他人不友好的人格倾向。本研究建议实施正颌外科手术前应对患者进行适当的心理评估。     

Psychosocial factors associated with orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment

Recognition of the potential repercussions associated with malocclusion has encouraged investigations aimed at understanding the psychosocial outcomes associated with orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Of particular interest are the benefits of treatment on judgements of self-image and interpersonal relationships. This article examines patients' adjustment to dentofacial malrelations in an attempt to assess their psychologic well-being before treatment. This discussion is followed by a review of the psychosocial benefits and negative effects associated with orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Although dentofacial deviations can have some social disadvantages, candidates for corrective treatment appear to be well-adjusted before treatment. Long-term benefits in self-concept, body image, and interpersonal relations after treatment are variable, with larger psychosocial changes generally reported by orthognathic surgery patients than by patients who receive orthodontic treatment alone.     

The effectiveness of computer-aided learning in teaching orthodontics: a review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: The purposes of this review were to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-aided learning (CAL) in orthodontic education, to make evidence-based recommendations for the use of CAL in orthodontics, and to develop guidelines for conducting comparative trials to evaluate CAL as a mode of learning in orthodontic education. METHODS: Medline, the Cochrane Library Database, ERIC, CINAHL, LISA, Psycinfo, and IPA were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of CAL in orthodontics. Outcome measures included objectively measured posttest scores on multiple choice, written, or oral tests; performance on a clinical procedure or clinical interview; time spent on CAL programs to learn the material presented; and responses to questionnaires conveying participants' attitudes toward various modes of learning. RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials comparing CAL with conventional teaching fulfilled the inclusion criteria and met the cutoff quality assessment checklist (QAC) score of > or = 8. Each study was assessed for quality by 2 independent reviewers. The validity and strength of the selected studies were assessed by using a QAC for an educational intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The controlled trials of CAL in orthodontics that met our QAC cutoff score of 8 were split, with 2 showing that CAL enjoyed a significant advantage over conventional teaching, 1 showing no difference, and 1 showing that the conventional tutorial method was better. More high-quality trials evaluating the effectiveness of CAL in orthodontics are needed. CAL programs in orthodontics elicit mostly positive responses and attitudes from students toward learning.     

A multidisciplinary approach to the management of a maxillary midline diastema: A clinical report

A maxillary midline diastema (MMD) is a common complaint of dental patients. An MMD can be closed with treatment from different disciplines, including operative dentistry and orthodontics. A comprehensive smile analysis is also a necessity before beginning treatment. This article highlights the closure of a 3-mm MMD by using a combination of orthodontics and direct composite resin restorations.     

Current products and practices: personal digital assistants in orthodontics

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) have certain advantages over conventional diaries and are thought of as the 'electronic filofax'. They can be backed up, used for personal and professional organization, integrated with mobile phones for email and Internet access, image storage, logbook functions and audit. They are limited when used for desktop functions. This article attempts to highlight the current advantages and disadvantages of PDAs for use in orthodontics, and provides some guidance to those who are considering the purchase of such a device.     

正颌治疗前后咀嚼肌肌电变化的初步研究

目的 颌面部的骨性畸形,必须通过正畸和外科手术联合的正颌治疗,才能达到功能和美观的正常。作者对正颌手术前后主要的咀嚼肌收缩力进行检查,以期发现术后口颌系统咀嚼效率的变化特征。方法 肌电图仪测试咬肌,颞肌,二腹肌在功能活动时的肌电变化,并对正颌前后作对比研究。     

两种光固化正畸黏结剂的黏结性能评价

目的:研究光固化树脂加强型玻璃离子黏结剂与自酸蚀光固化正畸黏结剂对金属托槽-牙面黏结的特点。方法:60颗离体前磨牙随机分成6组,每组10颗牙,3组用光固化树脂加强型玻璃离子黏结剂,另3组用自酸蚀光固化复合树脂黏结剂黏结正畸托槽,分别于0.5、24h及冷热循环实验后测试其抗剪强度及黏结剂残留指数,并通过扫描电镜观察树脂—牙釉质面形态。结果:2种材料黏结强度均能超过5MPa。但是,24h自酸蚀光固化正畸黏结剂的强度高于光固化树脂加强型玻璃离子黏结剂的强度(P<0.05)。结论:2种光固化正畸黏结剂能提供正畸临床黏结金属托槽足够的黏结力。     

Digital three-dimensional image fusion processes for planning and evaluating orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. A systematic review

The three important tissue groups in orthognathic surgery (facial soft tissues, facial skeleton and dentition) can be referred to as a triad. This triad plays a decisive role in planning orthognathic surgery. Technological developments have led to the development of different three-dimensional (3D) technologies such as multiplanar CT and MRI scanning, 3D photography modalities and surface scanning. An objective method to predict surgical and orthodontic outcome should be established based on the integration of structural (soft tissue envelope, facial skeleton and dentition) and photographic 3D images. None of the craniofacial imaging techniques can capture the complete triad with optimal quality. This can only be achieved by ‘image fusion’ of different imaging techniques to create a 3D virtual head that can display all triad elements. A systematic search of current literature on image fusion in the craniofacial area was performed. 15 articles were found describing 3D digital image fusion models of two or more different imaging techniques for orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. From these articles it is concluded, that image fusion and especially the 3D virtual head are accurate and realistic tools for documentation, analysis, treatment planning and long term follow up. This may provide an accurate and realistic prediction model.     

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牙根吸收是正畸治疗中最敏感的问题之一。临床检测牙根吸收方法主要依赖X线检查。锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）是近年来发展迅速的一项新的影像学技术，其应用为正畸学提供了三维影像，弥补了传统二维影像的不足，更有利于临床诊断牙根吸收。     

骨性开畸形正颌外科手术前后的正畸治疗

目的：通过分析总结骨正开He畸形手术前后正畸治疗的原则和方法,以指导临床。方法：前牙开He畸形32例,男性9例,女性23例,开He度1－8．5mm,平均4mm31例伴下颌前突,1例伴下颌后。单纯术前正8 ,纯术后正3 ,余21例在手术前后均行正畸治疗。结果：术产术畸疗程为4－33个月,平均12个月;术后正畸疗程为3－17个月,平均8．5个月。开He畸形的术前治疗的;排齐上下牙列,解除牙列拥挤;去代偿治疗,避免上下切牙He向伸长移;支上下牙列列的唇颊向倾斜度。上下颌骨垂直牵引,防止开He复发,上下颌间Ⅱ类或Ⅲ类牵引,调整磨牙关系,结论通过系统的术前术后正畸治疗及正颌外科手术,可矫正前牙开He畸形,并取得良好的矫治效果。