肝动脉化疗栓塞术中胆囊动脉及胆囊显影的意义

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术中胆囊动脉及胆囊显影与术后胆囊炎的关系。方法回顾性分析183例肝肿瘤患者接受肝动脉化疗栓塞术动脉造影时出现胆囊动脉和(或)胆囊显影的临床资料,对出现术后胆囊炎的48例所采用的治疗方式、次数与发生胆囊炎的关系进行相关性分析。结果48例患者(肝癌42例,肝血管瘤6例)TACE后并发胆囊炎(26.2%),42例并发胆囊炎的肝癌患者化疗方案为:FUDR(或5-FU) HCPT BLM11例,FUDR(或5-FU) HCPT DDP(或CP)9例,FUDR HCPT BLM DDP(或CP)6例,FUDR HCPT EPI7例,FUDR MMC CP4例,含草酸铂(L-OHP)方案5例(其中2例发生2次以上胆囊炎)。6例并发胆囊炎的血管瘤患者治疗方案均为BLM粉8～24mg溶于超液化碘油5～10ml内栓塞。结论肝TACE时胆囊动脉及胆囊显影者术后发生胆囊炎的概率增高,化疗、栓塞方案(栓塞剂)含DDP、BLM及L-OHP粉剂的发生率更高,越过胆囊动脉后进行化疗栓塞可降低其发生。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞后并发局限性脂肪肝原因探讨及影像学表现

目的 分析肝动脉介入化疗栓塞后局限性脂肪肝影像学特征.方法 4例肝癌患者术前均经超声、CT检查确定无脂肪肝行肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE),后进行超声、CT检查并行经皮肝穿刺活检检测脂肪肝情况.结果经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后,CT、B超显示肝右下叶局限性低密度区其内可见密度较高肝静脉影像,增强后病变区强化不明显,动脉走行自然.腹部超声显示呈细腻回声增强兼后部回声衰减;血管造影显示右下叶肝动脉走行自然,动脉期未见血管增粗、迂曲或抱球征象,实质期也末见肿瘤染色现象.病理证实为肝脂肪变性.结论 了解经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)并发局限性脂肪肝原因及影像学表现有助于更好地开展肝癌的介入治疗.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术在艾滋病合并肝癌患者中的应用价值

【摘要】目的：探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）在艾滋病合并肝癌患者中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析9例艾滋病合并肝癌患者（研究组）及35例普通肝癌患者（对照组）的临床及影像资料,分析TACE术前、术后肝功能指标（ALT、TBIL）、细胞免疫指标及AFP值的变化情况,并采用mRECIST标准对肿瘤近期疗效进行评价。结果：研究组TACE术后1周肝功能指标（ALT、TBIL）较术前明显升高（P<0.05）,术后1个月恢复至术前水平（P>0.05）,与对照组变化一致;研究组TACE术后1个月CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平与术前差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,与对照组变化一致;研究组TACE术后1个月肿瘤疗效与对照组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：肝动脉化疗栓塞术对艾滋病合并肝癌患者是安全、有效的治疗方法。但由于艾滋病患者的特殊性,术前应根据患者机体免疫状况行高效抗逆转录疗法及抗微生物治疗预防真菌等机遇性感染,严格掌握TACE适应证,术中采用低于常规剂量的化疗药物。     

肝癌介入术后临床常见并发症分析及防治

肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）是目前治疗肝癌首选的非手术治疗方法。而各种原因所致的并发症不同程度存在于TACE术后的患者。现收集112例住院治疗患者的资料，对介入术后发生的临床常见并发症予以分析报告，以加深对肝癌化疗栓塞术后常见并发症的认识，探讨妥善处理办法。有助于减轻患者的痛苦，提高临床治疗效果。     

肝动脉化疗加栓塞结合中草药治疗70例中晚期肝癌的疗效观察

目的 评价肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）结合中草药治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效。方法 对70例经临床综合检查确诊为中晚期肝癌患者进行了肝动脉化疗加栓塞，术后服用中草药。所有患者栓塞术后随访1～5a。结果 70例患者临床症状大多改善，综合治疗后1a，2a，3a，4a，5a的生存率分别为67.1%，52.8%，41.4%，21.4%，8.5%。结论 肝动脉化疗加栓塞结合中草药是治疗中晚期肝癌的有效方法之一，此法操作较简便安全，效果可靠，并发症少痛苦小，值得临床推广应用。     

原发性肝癌动脉化疗栓塞术少见严重并发症分析

目的：对原发性肝癌（primary hepatic carcinoma ,PHC）动脉化疗栓塞术（transcatheter arterial chemoemboli-zation ,TACE）术后发生的少见严重并发症发生原因做相关分析。方法分析2010年1月～2013年10月间351例PHC患者行TACE治疗患者资料,对发生少见严重并发症的患者影像及临床相关资料做相应分析,以期得出不同严重并发症的发生原因及预防措施。结果少见严重并发症包括肝破裂出血3例,1例经保守治疗后好转,2例死亡;肝脓肿2例,1例经抗感染及脓肿穿刺引流治愈,1例发生感染性休克而死亡;1例食管胃底静脉曲张破裂大出血,经内科止血处理好转;1例并发急性胆囊炎经对症处理后好转;余3例分别死于碘油脑栓塞（cerebral lipiodol embolism ,CLE）、肺栓塞和股动脉延迟出血。结论原发性肝癌T ACE治疗严重并发症临床少见,一旦发生可能危及患者生命,因此严格遵循PHC诊疗规范,把握适应证,合理控制化疗药物剂量技术及栓塞程度。     

原发性肝癌TACE术后严重并发症原因及预防

目的 探讨原发性肝癌行经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术后严重并发症的原因及预防.方法 2005年1月-2007年7月,573例原发性肝癌患者行1 252次肝动脉化疗栓塞术,术后针对发生的并发症,给予积极治疗,同时结合生化及影像学检查,探讨严重并发症出现的原因及预防措施.结果 并发症有上消化道出血3例、急性肝功能衰竭6例(死亡1例)、肺栓塞1例、胆汁瘤2例、胆囊炎4例、胃穿孔并死亡1例.结论 经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌出现的严重并发症与术前肝功能较差、门静脉高压、化疗栓塞药物剂量过大、药物反流及异位栓塞等有关.重视TACE术时机的选择,采用规范化的介入治疗措施,可以避免或减少严重并发症.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓疗效分析

目的：探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效。方法：癌栓组为无手术指征的原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓患者50例，对照组为原发性肝癌42例，两组患者均行肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗，观察两组患者的疗效、生存率和并发症。结果：对照组和癌栓组近期总有效率分别为50．0％（21／42）和42．0％（21／50），组间比较无显著差异；癌栓组门静脉癌栓消失或缩小〉25％者为44％（22／50），两组治疗后肝癌二期手术切除率分别为38．1％（16／42）和30％（15／50），无显著差异；对照组0．5、1、2年生存率分别为71．4％（30／42）、47．6％（20／42）、31．0％（13／42），中位生存期为15．6个月；癌栓组分别为64．0％（32／50）、40．0%（20／50）、24．0％（12／50），中位生存期为14．2个月，组间差异不显著；两组患者术后并发症发生率无显著差异。结论：肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓具有较好疗效。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术在原发性肝癌根治术中的应用价值

目的：探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术在原发性肝癌根治术中的应用价值。方法：对24例原发性肝癌患者，男23例，女1例，年龄38～69岁，采用术前介入化疗和栓塞，栓塞后3～7日内择期手术，术后再行介入化疗和栓塞治疗。结果：24例肿瘤根治术及术前术后168次肝动脉灌注术(TAI)、肝动脉化学栓塞术(TACE)均为100％成功率。复查AFP 19例恢复正常，5例有明显下降，6～24个月复发21例，经TACE治疗，复发灶均有不同程度缩小。死亡2例，中位存活期19．5月。存活着22例，中位存活期已达23．5月。结论：术前行TACE有利于争取手术机会和手术根治，防止术后复发。介入治疗和手术结合是提高肿瘤整体疗效及病人存活率的重要方法。     

晚期肝癌介入栓塞化疗加射频热疗的疗效评价

目的：研究晚期肝癌介入栓塞化疗（TACE）加射频热疗的疗效和毒副作用。方法：原发性或转移性肝癌33例，分为两组，TACE加热疗组14例，单纯TACE组19例。所有患者均介入肝动脉灌注化疗药物并栓塞，TACE加热疗组于介入栓塞后行上腹部射频热疗，治疗3周期后，以WHO疗效评价标准评价疗效。治疗前后进行肝功能分级，骨髓毒副作用参照WHO化疗毒副作用标准评价，以χ^2检验法比较组间差异。结果：TACE加热疗组，3例部分缓解（PR）（21．4％），5例病灶稳定（SD）（35．7％）；单纯介入栓塞组有2例PR（10．5％），3例SD（15．8G）；疾病控制率（PR＋CR＋SD）分别为51．7％及26．3％（P〈0．05）；两组间肝功能，血常规变化未见明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：本研究提示TACE加射频热疗较单纯介入栓塞治疗临床有效率高，副作用未见明显差异。     

螺旋CT在胆囊癌诊断中的应用

目的　探讨螺旋CT对胆囊癌的诊断价值。资料与方法　回顾性分析经手术病理证实的资料较完整的17例胆囊癌。结果　胆囊癌呈软组织肿块型 10例 ,胆囊壁弥漫增厚型 5例 ,腔内结节型 2例。肝脏受侵犯 7例 ,淋巴结转移 5例 ,肝内、外胆管扩张 5例 ,腹水 2例 ,11例合并胆囊炎、胆囊结石。结论　螺旋CT对胆囊癌的诊断和分期有很大的价值     

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and coexisting hepatic cavernous hemangioma

We investigated the consequence of repeated transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for coexisting small hepatic hemangioma in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas and describe the imaging features of embolized hemangioma on the follow-up Lipiodol CT and MR. Six of 431 patients with biopsy-confirmed hepatocellular carcinomas, who underwent TACE, also had seven small hepatic cavernous hemangiomas (0.8∼2.3 cm) in the same area of embolization. All six patients underwent repeated TACE All lesions were evaluated with CT and/or MR for the post-treatment follow-up. The outcomes and imaging features of these embolized hemangiomas were reviewed for the change of tumor size, Lipiodol deposition, enhancing pattern as well as embolization complications. Six of the seven hemangiomas did not depict changes in the size or enhancement pattern without being ablated. One hemangioma showed a decrease in size, but still persisted after TACE. All of the hemangiomas showed Lipiodol deposition for 2∼15 months, in which five hemangiomas depicted irregular rim patterns. There is no complication caused by the procedures. The differentiation of small hepatic hemangiomas from viable HCC is important in the post-TACE follow-up to avoid unnecessary repeated embolization.     

肝恶性肿瘤经导管栓塞化疗术后的腹部常见并发症

目的 :探讨肝恶性肿瘤经导管动脉化疗栓塞术 (TACE)后出现缺血性并发症的频次、治疗方法和预后。材料与方法 :对 5 98例原发或继发肝恶性肿瘤用阿霉素、丝裂霉素、顺氯氨铂等混以碘化油和 或明胶海绵进行了 15 2 7次TACE ,之后行超声、CT及血管造影复查。结果 :出现局部缺血性并发症者 2 1例 ,包括肝脓肿 13例 ,缺血性胆囊炎 5例 ,胆道坏死 2例及脾脓肿 1例。所有患者均给予系统抗生素治疗 ,2 0例行超声引导下穿刺引流 ,均获得治愈。结论 :TACE术后严重缺血性并发症的发生率约为 3 .5 % ,可用介入放射学方法进行有效的治疗。     

Chemical cholecystitis associated with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy

The gallbladder often is included within the infusion territory during hepatic arterial chemotherapy, because the cystic artery usually originates from the right hepatic artery. Symptomatic cholecystitis associated with hepatic arterial infusion of mitomycin C and floxuridine or 5-fluorouracil was observed in four instances out of over 700 hepatic arterial infusions of chemotherapeutic agents performed over a 3-year period at two institutions. Arterial infusion chemotherapy is generally well tolerated by the gallbladder, and the true incidence of associated cholecystitis is unknown. Occasionally, angiographic features of cholecystitis are observed in asymptomatic patients after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.     

Sonography of the gallbladder: significance of striated (layered) thickening of the gallbladder wall

Sonographic identification of thickening of the gallbladder wall that consists of multiple striations (alternate hypoechoic and hyperechoic layers) has been considered strong evidence of the presence of acute cholecystitis. We studied 27 patients in whom sonograms showed striated thickening of the gallbladder wall to determine the diagnostic significance of this finding. Striations were classified as focal or diffuse. Sonograms were correlated with pathologic findings in 16 patients and with clinical diagnoses and laboratory findings in 11. Patients were categorized as having cholecystitis with or without gangrene or edema of the gallbladder wall unrelated to gallbladder disease. Striated thickening of the gallbladder wall was due to cholecystitis in 10 patients, and all 10 had gangrenous changes at surgery or at pathologic examination. Striations were focal in eight of these patients and diffuse in two. Striated thickening of the gallbladder wall was due to edema of the wall unrelated to gallbladder disease in 17 patients. Causes included congestive heart failure (n = 4), renal failure (n = 5), liver disease (hepatic failure [n = 1], hepatitis [n = 6]), ascites (n = 2), hypoalbuminemia (n = 3), pancreatitis (n = 1), blockage of the lymphatic/venous drainage of the gallbladder (n = 2), and prominent Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses (n = 1). More than one abnormality was present in five patients. Striations were focal in 11 of these patients and diffuse in six. The sonographic finding of striated gallbladder wall thickening is no more specific for cholecystitis than the observation of gallbladder wall thickening by itself, and it may occur in a variety of diseases. However, in the clinical setting of acute cholecystitis, the presence of striations suggests gangrenous changes in the gallbladder. The extent of the striations (focal or diffuse) is not useful in predicting the cause of the striated gallbladder wall thickening.     

螺旋CT在胆囊癌诊断中的价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT对胆囊癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的资料较完整的18例胆囊癌。结果:胆囊癌呈软组织肿块型7例,厚壁型6例,腔内结节型3例,混和型2例。肝脏受侵犯5例,淋巴结转移2例,肝内、外胆管扩张3例,腹水1例,3例合并胆囊炎、胆囊结石。结论:螺旋CT对胆囊癌的诊断和预后评估有很大的价值。可为临床手术提供依据。     

原发性肝癌合并下腔静脉-右心房癌栓17例介入治疗体会

目的 评价TACE治疗原发性肝癌合并下腔静脉(IVC)-右心房(RA)癌栓的安全性和临床疗效.方法 17例原发性肝癌合并IVC-RA癌栓患者,行选择性动脉造影确认肿瘤供血动脉,之后行TACE.栓塞材料包括化疗药物-碘化油混合乳剂及颗粒型栓塞材料,栓塞的靶血管包括肝动脉分支、右侧膈下动脉、胃左动脉分支等.术后定期随访,酌情行进一步治疗.结果 17例患者共行TACE治疗45次,所有治疗均成功,无明显并发症.17例患者IVC-RA癌栓均可见明确供血动脉,肝动脉分支供血12例,肝外动脉供血9例,其中胃左动脉1例,右侧膈下动脉8例.复查CT,15例患者可见IVC-RA癌栓内碘油沉积.17例患者的中位生存期为12个月,1、2年生存率分别为52.9％、29.4％.结论 原发性肝癌IVC-RA癌栓血供丰富,主要供血动脉包括肝动脉、右侧膈下动脉,TACE是治疗原发性肝癌合并IVC-RA癌栓的安全有效方法.     

肝海绵状血管瘤的介入治疗

目的:研究经肝动脉栓塞治疗海绵状血管瘤的方法和效果。方法:将导管超选择插入17例肝血管瘤的供血动脉,以超液态腆油、明胶海棉和(或)钢圈栓塞。结果:所有病例均成功实施了栓塞治疗。17例中有11例分别于术后1-12个月行CT或B超随访。瘤体缩小>50%者8例,>30%者2例,1例缩小不明显。全部患者中临床症状消失者11例,明显减轻者5例,总有效率94%,术后无严重并发症。结论:超选择性肝动脉栓塞是治疗肝海绵状血管瘤的安全、有效的首选方法。     

Angiographic evaluation of hepatic arterial damage after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, degree, and predictors of hepatic arterial damage (HAD) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 33 patients with unresectable HCC underwent TACE alone using a mixture of iodized oil, epirubicin, and gelatin sponge. A follow-up angiogram was available for 76 of 109 sessions, and HAD was evaluated at each subsegment of the hepatic artery using a three-grade scale (1, no or slight wall irregularity; 2, overt stenosis; 3, occlusion). Grades 2 and 3 were considered to indicate significant HAD. The predictors of HAD were analyzed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 161 hepatic arteries were embolized from the lobar (n = 43), segmental (n = 40), subsegmental (n = 72), or more distal (n = 6) level. The follow-up period between the initial and last sessions ranged from 70 to 1505 days (median 497 days). Significant HAD occurred in 37 of 231 subsegmental hepatic arteries (16%) and in 16 of 33 patients (48%). The accumulated dose of epirubicin per artery (P = 0.001) and Child-Pugh score (P < 0.001) were significant predictors. CONCLUSION: TACE is more likely to induce HAD in cirrhotic patients with impaired liver function and when a high dose of the chemotherapeutic agent was used.     

CT引导下肝肿瘤射频消融治疗的并发症分析

目的 分析CT引导下肝肿瘤射频消融(RFA)治疗的并发症及处理.方法 252例肝肿瘤患者,其中原发性肝癌234例,肝转移癌11例,肝血管瘤7例.所有患者先行肝动脉栓塞术(TAE),然后在CT引导下行RFA治疗.肿瘤共计385个,直径为O.5～16 cm.行RFA 424例次,共计735个位点.绪果13例次(13/424,3.06%)出现并发症,分别为肝被膜下出血6例次,其中1例肝血管瘤患者出现失血性休克,急诊行肝动脉栓塞后出血控制,余患者经内科止血治疗后好转;气胸5例次,其中1例气胸量为90%,经胸腔闭式引流后吸收,余为少量气胸,自行吸收;胆汁瘤1例,经皮肝穿胆汁瘤引流后消失;无症状胆管分支扩张1例,未予特殊处理,自行好转.未出现死亡病例.结论 CT引导肝肿瘤RFA治疗是安全的,常见并发症为肝被膜下出血和气胸,经治疗后可痊愈.