不同浓度罗哌卡因在腋路臂丛神经阻滞中的应用

目前国内外对罗哌卡因的临床研究多集中在硬膜外腔麻醉及术后镇痛的应用，对臂丛神经阻滞的研究相对较少，目前国内外还没有明确的浓度和剂量标准。本文以布匹卡因作对照，观察三种浓度罗哌卡因行腋路臂丛神经阻滞的安全性和阻滞效果，以探讨使用罗哌卡因的合适浓度。     

不同剂量地塞米松对罗哌卡因神经阻滞作用的影响

目的比较不同剂量地塞米松复合罗哌卡因神经阻滞对罗哌卡因阻滞时效的影响。方法 60例内、外踝关节骨折拟行手术患者随机均分为三组。所有患者均在神经刺激器定位下行腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞麻醉。A组:0.4%罗哌卡因50ml;B组:0.4%罗哌卡因50ml加入地塞米松5mg;C组:0.4%罗哌卡因50ml加入地塞米松10mg。观察并记录腰丛、坐骨神经感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞持续时间、运动阻滞持续时间。观察并记录三组患者术后24、48h镇痛泵的舒芬太尼用量、按压总次数和有效次数,记录三组患者术后12、24、36、48h的数字疼痛分级法(NRS)评分及恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生率。结果 A组感觉阻滞持续时间和运动阻滞持续时间明显短于B、C组,且B组明显短于C组(P<0.01)。A组患者术后12、24h的NRS评分[(5.2±1.3)、(3.4±0.5)分]明显高于B组的[(1.1±0.3)、(1.6±0.6)]分和C组的[(0.4±0.1)、(1.0±0.2)]分(P<0.05)。A组患者按压总次数和有效次数、48h舒芬太尼用量明显多于B、C组(P<0.05)。结论 5和10mg地塞米松均能延长0.4%罗哌卡因腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞作用时间,且10mg作用更明显。     

等剂量不同浓度罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞效果及血药浓度观察

目的探讨罗哌卡因用于肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞效果与血药浓度的关系。方法择期行上肢骨科手术患者60例,随机均分为三组,罗哌卡因150 mg分别配成20 ml(0.75%,A组)、30 ml(0.5%,B组)和40 ml(0.375%,C组),神经刺激仪定位行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞。观察感觉、运动阻滞情况;高效液相法测定注药后10、15、20、30、60、90、120 min静脉血罗哌卡因浓度。结果感觉和运动阻滞起效时间均为A组相似文献   

利多卡因复合罗哌卡因不同给药方式对坐骨神经阻滞起效时间的影响

目的观察利多卡因复合罗哌卡因不同给药方式对坐骨神经阻滞起效时间的影响。方法选择60例行单侧下肢手术的病人，随机分为A、B两组．每组30例。采用神经刺激器定位行单侧腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞。A组坐骨神经给药方式为注射1％的利多卡因和0．375％罗哌卡因混合液20ml;B组坐骨神经给药方式为先注射2％利多卡因10ml，然后注射0．75％罗哌卡因10ml。测定两组病人麻醉后腓肠神经外侧皮支（SN）、腓浅神经（FN）、胫神经跟内侧支（TN）的起效时间，并观察术中的麻醉效果。结果A组病人的SN和FN起效时间快于B组（P〈0．05），A、B两组TN起效时间无统计学差异。SN、FN起效时间小于10分钟的例数比较，A组大于B组（P〈0．05）。两组患者麻醉效果优秀率比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论在相同的局麻药用量下，坐骨神经阻滞采用2％利多卡因和0．75％罗哌卡因混合注射的方式起效快，是较好的临床给药方式。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因用于腋路臂丛神经阻滞的研究

目的探讨0.25%、0.3%、0.375%罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞的有效性和安全性,并与0.25%布比卡因对照.方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级准备行上肢手术的病人80例,随机分为4组,每组20例,分别用0.25%、0.3%、0.375%罗哌卡因和0.25%布比卡因40ml行臂丛神经阻滞,观察病人有无不适症状,并分别对感觉和运动进行评价.结果随着浓度增加罗哌卡因麻醉强度依次增加,40m10.25%罗哌卡因麻醉强度明显低于0.25%布比卡因,且满意率低,仅为85%;将罗哌卡因浓度提高到0.375%,显示出与0.25%布比卡因相当的麻醉强度,满意率则提高到100%.结论 0.25%罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞起效慢、满意率低,不是临床使用的适宜浓度;0.3%、0.375%罗哌卡因起效快,作用完善,副作用少,可推荐用于长时间臂丛神经阻滞,而以0.375%罗哌卡因最为适宜.     

舒芬太尼对罗哌卡因坐骨神经阻滞效果的影响

目的：观察舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因混合液在超声引导下行坐骨神经阻滞的效果。方法：择期行下肢手术的40例患者随机分成舒芬组和对照组,在超声引导下行坐骨神经阻滞,舒芬组给予含舒芬太尼10μg的O．5％罗哌卡因溶25mL,对照组给予单纯o．5％罗哌卡因溶液25mL。结果：舒芬组感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉完全阻滞时间及运动阻滞起效时间较对照组快（尸〈0．05）,镇痛持续时间长于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因在超声引导下行坐骨神经阻滞,可明显缩短感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉完全阻滞时间及运动阻滞起效时间,延长镇痛持续时间。     

右美托咪定对罗哌卡因半数有效浓度的影响

目的 探讨罗哌卡因复合小剂量右美托咪定局部用药对其用于隐神经阻滞时半数有效浓度的影响.方法 拟行单侧膝关节置换术患者60例,年龄60～80岁,身体质量指数(BMI)<24 kg/m2,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法分为两组(n=30).超声引导下行隐神经阻滞,对照组神经阻滞时仅用罗哌卡因20 ...     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因和盐酸罗哌卡因肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的比较

目的 观察0.596%甲磺酸罗哌卡因和0.5%盐酸罗哌卡因在超声引导下行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的效果.方法 60例上肢手术行肌间沟臂丛麻醉的患者,随机均分成两组:A组给予0.596%甲磺酸罗哌卡因30 ml;B组给予0.5%盐酸罗哌卡因30 ml.比较两组感觉及运动阻滞起效时间、阻滞程度、运动恢复时间、镇痛持续时间和不良反应.结果 A组尺神经感觉阻滞起效时间显著快于B组[(38.30±14.65)min vs.(48.03±22.34)min](P<0.05).注药60 min A组尺神经感觉完全阻滞29例(96.7%),显著多于B组的20例(66.7%)(P<0.05).结论 0.596%甲磺酸罗哌卡因的尺神经感觉阻滞优于0.5%盐酸罗哌卡因.     

右美托咪定不同途径给药对罗哌卡因腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞效果的影响

目的 评价右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)不同途径给药方式对0.375％罗哌卡因腰丛挫骨神经联合阻滞(combined lumber plexus and sciatic nerve block,CLPSNB)效果的影响. 方法 90例CLPSNB患者按随机数字表法分为3组(每组30例):罗哌卡因组(R组),0.375％罗哌卡因50 ml行CLPSNB;罗哌卡因+Dex静脉注射组(D+R组),静脉输注Dex 1 μg/kg(输注时间10 min)同时0.375％罗哌卡因50 ml行CLPSNB;罗哌卡因局部麻醉药液混合Dex组(DR组),局部麻醉药Dex 1 μg/kg+0.375％罗哌卡因至50 ml行CLPSNB.R组和DR组同时静脉输注与D+R组相同容量的生理盐水.记录感觉阻滞和运动阻滞的起效时间和维持时间、术者的满意情况及副作用发生情况. 结果 3组感觉阻滞和运动阻滞的起效时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);运动阻滞持续时间和首次使用镇痛药的时间DR组[(768±246) min和(1 080±300) min]、D+R组[(732±204) min和(1 050±288) min]显著长于R组[(420±126) min和(840±306) min] (P＜0.05);感觉阻滞持续时间DR组[(1008±258) min]显著长于R组[(624±216) min]、D+R组[(672±144) min](P＜0.05),而R组与D+R组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术者满意率DR组(100％)高于R组(85％)(P＜0.05).3组患者均未出现恶心、呕吐、低血压、呼吸抑制等副作用. 结论 Dex混合于0.375％罗哌卡因行CLPSNB麻醉效果及术者满意度佳.     

Sciatic Nerve Block: a New Lateral Approach

The currently available methods for local anaesthetic block of the sciatic nerve are difficult to perform. Here we describe a new and easier technique for the block. The sciatic nerve is approached from the lateral side of the thigh with the patient lying supine and is identified by simple anatomical landmarks with the help of a nerve stimulator. The technique was found to be safe and effective in over 100 cases. It can be learnt quickly and is easily remembered.     

Comparison of Local Infiltration of Analgesia and Sciatic Nerve Block in Addition to Femoral Nerve Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty

We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between sciatic nerve block (SNB) and local infiltration of analgesia (LIA) regarding postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), when administrated in addition to femoral nerve block (FNB). Forty-six patients scheduled for TKA were randomized into two groups: concomitant administration of FNB and SNB or FNB and LIA. Average pain scores during the first 21 days after surgery were similar in the two groups and remained at low level. There was no significant difference in the need for adjuvant analgesics, patient satisfaction level, the time to achieve rehabilitation goals, and length of hospital stay. The LIA offers a potentially safer alternative to SNB as an adjunct to FNB.     

Single-Injection Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Blocks for Pain Control After Total Knee Arthroplasty

This study was designed to evaluate the addition of a single-injection sciatic nerve block to a femoral nerve block for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Fifty-seven patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty were randomized to receive femoral nerve blockade or a sham block. A subsequent 31 patients received both femoral and sciatic nerve blocks (FSNBs) before general anesthesia. Intravenous morphine use and visual analog pain scale scores were recorded at regular intervals. Femoral and sciatic nerve blocks were placed in less than five minutes, on average. Lower visual analog pain scale scores were noted in both femoral nerve blockade and FSNB groups compared to shams through 48 hours. Morphine use was significantly lower in the FSNB group. Femoral and sciatic nerve block can be placed quickly and consistently in the operating room with improved postoperative pain relief and reduced narcotic consumption.     

臀部外伤性坐骨神经损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨臀部外伤性坐骨神经损伤手术治疗的指征及效果. 方法对21例外伤性臀部坐骨神经损伤者进行手术治疗,方法包括神经探查、松解、减压、路径清理及神经吻合. 结果平均随访2.98年,坐骨神经恢复优良率为57.1%. 结论臀部外伤性坐骨神经损伤以腓神经较多见,且预后不佳;伤后应早期手术治疗,术中应注意判断坐骨神经的行径、损伤或严重情况,避免漏治.     

Combined Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block vs Combined Femoral and Periarticular Infiltration in Total Knee Arthroplasty : A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study tests the null hypothesis that there is no difference between sciatic nerve block (SNB) and periarticular anesthetic infiltration (PI) as adjuncts to femoral nerve blockade (FNB) in total knee arthroplasty in terms of postoperative opioid requirements. Fifty-two patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomized to receive either (a) combined FNB-SNB or (b) combined FNB-PI. Average morphine consumption in the first 24 (20 vs 23 mg) and 48 hours (26 vs 33 mg) showed no significant difference. Visual Analogue Scale scores, knee flexion (60° vs 67.5°) and extension lag (0° vs 5°) were comparable. Anesthetic time, surgical time, and length of hospital stay (5.5 vs 6 days) were similar. This study showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. The PI offers a practical and potentially safer alternative to SNB.     

化学去细胞同种异体神经移植物储存方法的初步研究

目的探索犬去细胞神经的最佳储存方法.方法采用真空封装辐照灭菌法深低温储存犬去细胞坐骨神经12个月,进行细菌学检查、一般组织学观察、免疫组化染色、透射电镜观察.结果储存过程中不会发生细菌污染,储存去细胞神经的延展性及神经外膜的韧弹性保持良好;其基本结构、神经基底膜及许旺细胞基底板层被保留;仍然保持为没有细胞髓鞘及其碎片的空的神经基质管.结论真空封装辐照灭菌法可有效储存去细胞神经1年.     

Sciatic Nerve Injury Associated with Acetabular Fractures

Sciatic nerve injuries associated with acetabular fractures may be a result of the initial trauma or injury at the time of surgical reconstruction. Patients may present with a broad range of symptoms ranging from radiculopathy to foot drop. There are several posttraumatic, perioperative, and postoperative causes for sciatic nerve palsy including fracture–dislocation of the hip joint, excessive tension or inappropriate placement of retractors, instrument- or implant-related complications, heterotopic ossification, hematoma, and scarring. Natural history studies suggest that nerve recovery depends on several factors. Prevention requires attention to intraoperative limb positioning, retractor placement, and instrumentation. Somatosensory evoked potentials and spontaneous electromyography may help minimize iatrogenic nerve injury. Heterotopic ossification prophylaxis can help reduce delayed sciatic nerve entrapment. Reports on sciatic nerve decompression are not uniformly consistent but appear to have better outcomes for sensory than motor neuropathy.     

The Piriformis Muscle Syndrome: Sciatic Nerve Entrapment Treated with Section of the Piriformis Muscle

The piriformis muscle syndrome, a term applied to an abnormal condition of the piriformis muscle, is characterized by symptoms and signs due to sciatic nerve entrapment at the greater sciatic notch. Two patients with this syndrome, successfully treated with section of the piriformis muscle, are reported. The piriformis muscle syndrome should be suspected as part of the differential diagnosis in cases of low back and hip or thigh pain.