腹腔镜与开放性肾囊肿去顶术的比较

目的 :比较开放性与腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的疗效和优点。方法 :采用腹腔镜经腹腔途径对 4 3例肾囊肿患者进行肾囊肿去顶术。并与 2 4例开放性肾囊肿去顶术患者进行比较。结果 :腹腔镜手术时间、术后住院时间均显著少于开放性手术 (P <0 0 1)。术后随访 3～ 12个月 ,未见复发。结论 :经腹腔途径腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗肾囊肿 ,疗效好 ,患者创伤小 ,术后康复快 ,明显优于开放性手术。     

腹腔镜与开放手术行肾囊肿去顶减压术的对比研究

目的:比较腹腔镜与开放手术行肾囊肿去顶减压术的临床疗效。方法:回顾37例腹腔镜单纯性肾囊肿去顶减压术,与38例开放手术的临床资料。结果:术中平均出血量,术后住院时间,术后平均引流量,术后止痛药应用比例腹腔镜组均优于开放组,手术时间、住院费用腹腔镜组与开放组差异无显著性。结论:腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术具有创伤小,患者康复快,术后住院时间短等优点,是肾囊肿去顶术的首选方法。     

Habib4X双极射频辅助无肾动脉阻断腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的临床分析

目的 探讨Habib 4X双极射频辅助无肾动脉阻断腹腔镜肾部分切除术的临床效果.方法 2010年10月至2011年6月采用Habib 4X双极射频辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术(laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with radiofrequency ablation,LRA)和腹腔镜肾部分切除术(laparoscopic partial nephrectomy,LPN)治疗肾肿瘤(T1N0M0)患者14例,肿瘤均为外向型生长.LRA组6例,男4例,女2例;年龄38 ～75岁,平均60岁;肿瘤位于左肾3例,右肾3例;肾上极2例、中极2例、下极2例;肿瘤最大径2.1 ～3.5 cm,平均3.1 cm.LPN组8例,男4例,女4例;年龄36 ～ 77岁,平均61岁;肿瘤位于左肾3例,右肾5例;肾上极3例、中极2例、下极3例;肿瘤最大径2.0～3.7 cm,平均3.0 cm.记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症等指标,比较手术前后Hb、SCr、患侧肾小球滤过率(glomeruar filtration rate,GFR)的变化. 结果 14例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术者.LRA组无需阻断肾蒂,手术前后Hb、SCr、患侧GFR比较分别为(127±19)和(124±19) g/L、(96 ±39)和(92±29) μmol/L、(42±12)和(40±13) ml/min,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).LPN组术中阻断肾动脉20 ～ 52 min,平均31.5 min.手术前后Hb、SCr、患侧GFR分别为(130 ±17)和(112±15) g/L,(92 ±31)和(110±28)μmol/L,(43 ±14)和(30 ±11)ml/min,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).LRA组和LPN组手术时间分别为(86±20)min、(112 ±43)min,术中出血量分别为(94±18) ml、(256 ±58)ml,术后住院时间分别为(5.0±0.8)d、(7.8±1.2)d,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).LRA组术后无出血、肉眼血尿和漏尿等并发症. 结论 Habib 4X双极射频辅助腹腔镜无肾动脉阻断肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤安全有效,在手术时间、术中出血量和术后恢复等方面均优于LPN.     

Carcinoid of the appendix during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: unexpected benefits.

Carcinoid tumors of the midgut arise from the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, ascending and right transverse colon. The appendix and terminal ileum are the most common location. The majority of carcinoid tumors originate from neuroendocrine cells along the gastrointestinal tract, but they are also found in the lung, ovary, and biliary tracts. We report the first case of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in which we found a suspicious lesion at the tip of the appendix and proceeded to perform a laparoscopic appendectomy. The lesion revealed a carcinoid tumor of the appendix.     

腹腔镜与开放性肾囊肿去顶术的比较（附30例报告）

目的：比较开放性与腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的优越性,并探讨经腹腔与后腹腔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的适应证及疗效。方法：采用经腹腔及后腹腔腹腔镜行肾囊肿去枯术30例,其中经腹腔路径9例,用膜后路径21例,并回顾性分析比较31例开放性肾囊肿去枯术,结果：腹腔镜手术用时25－110min,平均46min,其中经腹腔路矩平均40min,腹后路径平均需时50min,术后恢复快,无一例发生并发症,对比开放手术,腹腔镜手术的手术时间,术后并发症以及术后住院天数均明显减少,结论：腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗单纯性肾囊肿的疗效明显优于传统开放性手术,值得推广。     

后腹腔镜保留肾单位肾脏肿瘤切除术（附15例报告）

目的探讨后腹腔镜行保留肾单位。肾脏肿瘤切除术的手术可行性及疗效。方法2007年3月至2008年8月，15例肾脏局限性肿瘤患者采用后腹腔镜保留肾单位肾脏肿瘤切除术。术中用bull-dog血管钳阻断肾脏血流，用超声刀在距离肿瘤边缘2～10mm处进行切除，肿瘤床随机切取三处组织送冰冻病理检查。结果15例手术均顺利完成，无一例中转开放。平均手术时间110min，术中平均阻断肾血流时间26min，术中平均出血量200ml，平均术后住院时间9d。术中切缘组织病理切片均为阴性。术后随访2～14个月肿瘤无复发。结论后腹腔镜保留肾单位肾脏肿瘤切除术治疗肾脏肿瘤技术可行，安全有效，其远期疗效尚有待长期随访。     

经后腹腔腹腔镜与开放性肾囊肿去顶术疗效比较

目的：比较经后腹腔腹腔镜与开放性肾囊肿去顶术的疗效，并探讨经后腹腔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术处理要点。方法：回顾性分析9例经后腹腔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术和21例开放性肾囊肿去顶术患者的临床资料，比较两组手术时间、术中失血量和术后住院天数等指标。结果：两组手术时间比较，差异无显著性意义（P＞0.05)，但经后腹腔腹腔镜手术组术中失血量及术后住院时间均显著少于开放性手术组（P＜0.01)。结论：经后腹腔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术具有创伤小，患者康复快、疼痛轻的优点，治疗单纯性肾囊肿的疗效明显优于开放性手术。     

The use of polymer (Hem-o-lok) clips for management of the renal hilum during laparoscopic nephrectomy

OBJECTIVE: Control of the renal pedicle is the most challenging step during laparoscopic nephrectomy. The standard method is to clip the artery and control the vein with an endovascular gastrointestinal anastomosis stapler. However, this device is expensive and has been reported to malfunction, leading to major complications even death. We describe an easy, quick, and cost-effective alternative technique. METHODS: From June 2002 to July 2005, two surgeons used this simplified technique to control the renal vein during laparoscopic nephrectomy. After pedicle dissection and control of the artery with a clip, the vein was grasped and gently pulled with a laparoscopic Babcock to reduce its diameter. Two Hem-o-lok clips (Weck Closure Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC) were easily placed on the renal vein, which was then transacted safely. RESULTS: We used this technique successfully for 130 consecutive laparoscopic nephrectomies (10 simple, 47 radical, 7 nephroureterectomies, and 66 live donor nephrectomies). No perioperative complications occurred with this technique in this series. There was no increase in the warm ischemia time when used during laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The Hem-o-lok technique is easy, safe, and rapid and offers cost savings when compared to the endovascular gastrointestinal anastomosis stapler. We recommend its use during laparoscopic nephrectomy and live donor nephrectomy.     

腹腔镜下肝肾囊肿开窗去顶术的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗肝肾囊肿的方法和效果。方法: 1994至2004年于腹腔镜下为68例肝肾囊肿患者行开窗去顶术,其中肝囊肿56例,肾囊肿12例,并注入无水酒精灌洗残留粘膜。结果: 68例手术全部成功,无中转开腹。手术时间30~70min,随访时间6个月~10年, 1例复发。结论:腹腔镜治疗肝肾囊肿安全可行,在严格掌握适应证的条件下值得推广应用。     

Transureteral saline perfusion to obtain renal hypothermia: potential application in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Partial nephrectomy for resection of renal tumors often requires renal artery clamping and external renal cooling using ice-slush. Laparoscopic surgery precludes traditional ice-slush cooling. To facilitate renal cooling during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, we investigated a method of intrarenal cooling by retrograde transureteral iced saline perfusion. METHODS: Open laparotomy was performed in 6 pigs. After atraumatic renal artery clamping, one kidney was cooled externally by using standard ice-slush; the other was cooled transureterally. For transureteral cooling, the ureter was cannulated with a double lumen 12 Fr catheter. Chilled saline (4 degrees C) irrigation was flushed through the catheter into the renal pelvis (16.7 mL/min) and allowed to drain via the second lumen of the catheter. Using a 30-gauge hypodermic thermometer, kidney temperatures were measured at 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes at 3 locations and 2 depths (0.5 cm and 1.5 cm). The animals were euthanized, and the kidneys were harvested for histologic examination. RESULTS: Renal cooling was achieved with both external and transureteral cooling. However, lower (5.0 versus 26.1 degrees C, P<0.001) parenchymal temperatures were achieved more rapidly with external renal cooling. During transureteral cooling, medullary (1.5 cm) temperatures were lower than cortical (0.5 cm) temperatures were; this difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Although renal hypothermia can be achieved by transureteral iced saline infusion, external cooling by using ice-slush appears to be more efficient in the porcine model. With refinement of the technique, intrarenal cooling via a transureteral approach may allow more effective cooling of the renal medulla, and limit warm ischemia during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.     

腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗35例肾囊肿

目的探讨腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿手术的方法及疗效. 方法 35例采用全麻,水囊扩张后腹膜腔,通过腰大肌、腹膜返折、膈肌脚等标志找到并暴露肾囊肿,超声刀距肾实质3～5 mm将囊壁切除去顶. 结果 35例肾囊肿顺利切除去顶,手术时间15～60 min,平均32 min.术中出血量5～60 ml,平均35 ml.术后住院3～6 d.34例病理报告为良性病变,1例怀疑囊性腺癌.35例随访1～22个月,1例术后1个月B超复查仍有直径1.5 cm囊肿,余未见囊肿复发.可疑腺癌者随访1年,胸片及肝肾B超无肿瘤生长及转移灶. 结论腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术是治疗肾囊肿安全、有效的方法.     

单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术与传统腹腔镜手术的对比研究

目的比较单孔腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的手术效果,总结单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的手术经验。方法自2010年1月至2011年3月,我院收治单纯肾囊肿患者30例,随机分为两组,其中采用自制单孔多通道腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术15例,传统腹腔镜手术去顶术15例,所有手术均为同一位外科医师主刀,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量及近期随访手术疗效。结果 30例手术均获成功,两组术中均无明显并发症发生。传统腹腔镜与单孔腹腔镜在手术时间(63.5minvs52.5min,P=0.104)、术中出血量(20mlvs25ml,P=0.721),术后住院时间(4.3dvs4.9d,P=0.647)无统计学差异。结论在取得一定腹腔镜手术经验的单位,单孔多通道腹腔镜是安全可行的,其与传统腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术相比,并不明显增加手术时间。     

腹膜后腹腔镜肾错构瘤剜除术治疗肾错构瘤破裂出血

目的:比较腹膜后腹腔镜肾错构瘤剜除术与开放手术治疗肾错构瘤破裂出血的临床疗效和随访结果。方法:回顾分析2003年5月至2008年10月为23例肾错构瘤破裂出血患者行错构瘤剜除术的临床资料。其中腹膜后腹腔镜手术9例,传统开放手术14例。对比两组的临床疗效及随访结果。结果:腹腔镜组均顺利完成手术,无一例中转开放手术。术中出血(254.2±48.5)ml,术后平均(39.6±11.8)h肠功能恢复,术后平均住院(7.5±3.2)d,平均(23.0±6.5)d后恢复正常工作,明显优于开放组。腹腔镜组并发症少于开放组。两组手术时间差异无统计学意义。两组平均随访(36.6±16.0)和(38.0±16.7)个月,23例均无复发,健康存活。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜肾错构瘤剜除术与开放手术相比,疗效相当,患者创伤小、痛苦少、术后康复快、并发症少,在积极抗休克治疗、生命体征平稳的条件下,可作为肾错构瘤破裂出血的首选治疗方法。     

腹腔镜肾部分切除术与根治性切除术治疗T2a期肾癌比较研究及三年随访总结

目的 比较在我院治疗的T2a期肾癌行腹腔镜肾部分切除术及腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月至2017年6月在伊犁州友谊医院泌尿外科经腹腔镜手术治疗的108例T_2a期肾癌的临床资料,其中行腹腔镜肾部分切除术患者56例,行腹腔镜肾癌根治术者52例。比较两种手术方式临床指标。结果 两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率、术后住院期并发症发生率、术后住院时间对比差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);两组术后第3、6个月血肌酐相比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),腹腔镜肾部分切除术组术后第12个月及36个月血肌酐显著低于腹腔镜肾癌根治术组,相比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术后随访3年,其中腹腔镜肾部分切除术组复发率为7.14%,根治术组复发率为9.62%,两组相比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与腹腔镜肾癌根治术相比较,肾部分切除术在治疗T_2a期肾癌时不增加手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及手术并发症,同时能够充分地保护肾功能,在情况允许时可作为优先选择的手术方式。     

腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗肾囊肿38例报告

目的:探讨腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术的方法和疗效。方法:回顾分析为38例肾囊肿患者在全麻下行腹膜后腹腔镜去顶减压术的临床资料。用自制水囊建立后腹膜腔,通过腰大肌等标志找到并暴露肾囊肿,距肾实质5mm用电钩将囊壁切除、去顶。结果:38例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术,未发生严重并发症,手术时间20～60min,平均30min,术中出血10～50ml,平均20ml,术后住院4～8d,平均5d,病理报告均示为单纯肾囊肿。随访6～36个月,平均22个月,所有病例均无复发。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术患者创伤小,康复快,住院时间短,是安全有效的术式。     

腹腔镜肝脾肾囊肿部分切除术的体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜肝脾肾囊肿部分切除术的临床适用性。方法：应用腹腔镜、超声刀为48例肝脾肾囊肿患者行囊肿部分切除术,电凝烧灼及无水酒精纱布湿敷残留囊壁粘膜。结果：48例手术全部成功,手术时间20～90min,无并发症发生,均于术后3d出院。1例术后2年复发,1例术后抗结核6个月。结论：腹腔镜肝脾肾囊肿部分切除术是适用、有效的微创外科手术。     

3种手术方法治疗肾囊肿的对比研究(附106例报告)

目的比较经皮肾囊肿穿刺硬化治疗、小切口肾囊肿去顶术、经腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术3种手术方法的优缺点,探讨肾囊肿手术方法的选择。方法回顾分析2001年1月~2004年11月3种方法治疗106例肾囊肿的临床资料,比较3种方法的手术时间、出血量、治疗费用、治愈率等。结果穿刺组治疗费用(3 261.8±779.2)元最少,治愈率(78.6%,22/28)最低,复发率(21.4%,6/28)最高;小切口组手术时间(44.1±5.7)m in最短;腹腔镜组治疗费用(9 050.9±1 116.2)元最高;以上指标3组间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。小切口组和腹腔镜组治愈率均为100%,无复发病例,出血量和治愈率等指标差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论3种方法各有独特优势,应根据具体情况选择最佳手术方法。直径<7 cm的单纯性薄壁肾囊肿,若患者一般情况或经济条件较差可选择穿刺硬化治疗;肾下极或肾中部背侧单纯性薄壁囊肿可首选小切口肾囊肿去顶术;其他肾囊肿特别是双肾多发囊肿、巨大囊肿及不能排除恶性者应首选腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术。     

后腹腔镜取肾、离体肾动脉瘤切除及自体肾移植治疗复杂性肾动脉瘤1例并文献复习

目的：总结复杂性肾动脉瘤1例的诊治经验。
方法:报告采用后腹腔镜取肾、离体肾动脉瘤切除、肾动脉重建和自体肾移植治疗复杂性肾动脉瘤1例的治疗经过及结果,并复习文献。患者,男,27岁。术前彩超、CT及CTA示：动脉瘤体4.5 cm×4.0 cm×3.0 cm大小,靠近肾门,位于肾动脉主干远端分叉部,累及6根分支。采用后腹腔镜切取右肾后,离体肾脏采用4 ℃低温肾脏保存液灌注、离体行肾动脉瘤切除及自体大隐静脉肾动脉重建,然后通过原取肾切口将肾脏移植于右髂窝。
结果:手术顺利,时间为6.5 h,失血约50 mL,肾热、冷缺血时间分别为4 min和2.5 h。围手术期未出现并发症,术后肾功能正常。术后1个月CTA及2周和3个月彩超复查显示右髂窝移植形态正常,肾动脉及其分支血流通畅无狭窄,肾静脉血流通畅,输尿管无狭窄。
结论:后腹腔镜取肾、离体肾动脉瘤切除、肾动脉成形和自体肾移植用于治疗远段和/或累及分支的复杂性肾动脉瘤,微创、安全、有效、可行。

     

腹腔镜胃切除术后急性肾衰竭两例及文献复习

目的通过分析腹腔镜胃切除术后急性肾衰竭的病例,探讨二氧化碳气体(CO₂)气腹对腹腔镜胃癌根治术后肾功能的影响及预防措施。 方法回顾分析2例腹腔镜胃癌根治术后出现急性肾衰竭患者的临床表现、辅助检查、临床治疗等,结合相关文献复习,对CO₂气腹对腹腔镜胃癌根治术后肾功能的影响及预防措施进行相关讨论。 结果患者经过连续肾脏替代治疗等处置,肾功能逐步好转。 结论腹腔镜胃切除术后急性肾衰竭临床发生率低,治疗上经验不足,对于术前存在肾功能不全且合并高血压、糖尿病、冠心病等基础疾病的患者,应慎重选择腹腔镜手术治疗。     

Pathophysiology of incomplete renal tubular acidosis in recurrent renal stone formers: evidence of disturbed calcium,bone and citrate metabolism

Summary Urinary acidification, bone metabolism and urinary excretion of calcium and citrate were evaluated in 10 recurrent stone formers with incomplete renal tubular acidosis (RTA), 10 recurrent stone formers with normal urinary acidification (NUA) and 10 normal controls (NC). Patients with iRTA had lower plasma standard bicarbonate after fasting (P<0.01) and lower urinary excretion of titratable acid (P<0.05) and citrate (P<0.01) compared with NUA patients and NC, and higher urinary excretion of ammonia (P<0.05) compared with NC (P<0.05). Hypercalciuria was found in 6 of 10 patients with iRTA compared with 3 of 10 with NUA, and O of 10 NC. The citrate/calcium ratio in urine was significantly reduced in iRTA compared with the value in NUA (P<0.01), and in NUA compared with NC (P<0.05). Biochemical markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin) and bone resorption (urinary hydroxyproline) were significantly increased in iRTA compared with NUA and NC (P<0.01), indicating increased bone turnover in stone formers with iRTA. Stone formers with iRTA thus presented with disturbed calcium, bone and citrate metabolism-the same metabolic abnormalities which characterize classic type 1 RTA. Mild non-carbonic acidosis during fasting may be a pathophysilogical factor of both nephrolithiasis and disturbed bone metabolism in stone formers with iRTA