残胃癌的淋巴结转移特点及外科治疗

Objective To explore the characteristics of lymph node metastasis in gastric stump cancer and the efficacy of surgical treatment. Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with gastric stump cancer (test group) and 56 patients with primary cancer in the upper stomach (control group) who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 1994 to January 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. All data were analyzed by t test and chi-square test. The survival of the patients and lymph node metastasis rate were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, respectively. Results The metastasis rates of lymph nodes 1-3 of the test group and control group were similar (43%-61%), with no significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2 = 0.752, 0. 833, 0. 678, P > 0. 05). The metastasis rates of lymph nodes 7-9 of the test group and control group were 22% , 18% , 25% and 46% , 25% , 30% , respectively, and this was signifi-cantly different between the 2 groups (χ2 = 2. 168, 3. 263, 5. 761, P < 0. 05). The metastasis rates of lymph nodes 10-14 were 47% , 36% , 31% , 20% and 25% in the test group, which were significantly higher than 33% , 34% , 19% , 6% and zero in the control group, respectively (χ2 =3.225, 1.883, 3.945, 4.137, 6.823, P <0.05). The metastasis rate of lymph node no. 16 was zero in the test group and 23% in the control group. The metastasis rate of jejunal mesenteric lymph nodes was 27% in the test group and zero in the control group. The accumulative 5-year survival rate of patients was 38% in the test group and 48% in the control group, and this was significantly different (χ2 =4. 165, P<0.05). The overall 5-year survival rate of patients with radical resection was not significantly different between degree A (54%) and B (57%) (χ2 = 0. 622, P > 0. 05). Conclusions Gastric stump cancer has a unique pattern in lymph node metastasis. Surgical resection is effective in improving the prognosis of patients with gastric stump cancer.     

残胃癌的淋巴结转移特点及外科治疗

Objective To explore the characteristics of lymph node metastasis in gastric stump cancer and the efficacy of surgical treatment. Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with gastric stump cancer (test group) and 56 patients with primary cancer in the upper stomach (control group) who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 1994 to January 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. All data were analyzed by t test and chi-square test. The survival of the patients and lymph node metastasis rate were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, respectively. Results The metastasis rates of lymph nodes 1-3 of the test group and control group were similar (43%-61%), with no significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2 = 0.752, 0. 833, 0. 678, P > 0. 05). The metastasis rates of lymph nodes 7-9 of the test group and control group were 22% , 18% , 25% and 46% , 25% , 30% , respectively, and this was signifi-cantly different between the 2 groups (χ2 = 2. 168, 3. 263, 5. 761, P < 0. 05). The metastasis rates of lymph nodes 10-14 were 47% , 36% , 31% , 20% and 25% in the test group, which were significantly higher than 33% , 34% , 19% , 6% and zero in the control group, respectively (χ2 =3.225, 1.883, 3.945, 4.137, 6.823, P <0.05). The metastasis rate of lymph node no. 16 was zero in the test group and 23% in the control group. The metastasis rate of jejunal mesenteric lymph nodes was 27% in the test group and zero in the control group. The accumulative 5-year survival rate of patients was 38% in the test group and 48% in the control group, and this was significantly different (χ2 =4. 165, P<0.05). The overall 5-year survival rate of patients with radical resection was not significantly different between degree A (54%) and B (57%) (χ2 = 0. 622, P > 0. 05). Conclusions Gastric stump cancer has a unique pattern in lymph node metastasis. Surgical resection is effective in improving the prognosis of patients with gastric stump cancer.     

多镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石3780例

目的 探讨腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石的方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析1998年3月至2010年6月兰州大学第一医院收治的3780例肝外胆管结石患者的临床资料,根据患者胆管结石不同位置和采用腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜的情况,将患者分为"一镜"、"二镜"、"三镜"治疗组;通过患者治疗后的影像学检查和随访结果,比较3组患者治疗的成功率和并发症的发生率.结果 "一镜"治疗组1425例患者,成功率为89.54%(1276/1425),并发症发生率为6.73%(86/1276);149例治疗失败,其中83例接受"二镜"治疗、66例接受"三镜"治疗."二镜"治疗组1792例患者(含转入83例),成功率为95.93%(1719/1792),并发症发生率为4.07%(70/1719);73例治疗失败(转入"三镜"治疗组)."三镜"治疗组785例(含转入139例)患者,成功率为99.75%(783/785),并发症发生率为0.26%(2/783);2例治疗失败患者选择开腹手术治疗.结论 腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜联合应用治疗肝外胆管结石可以优势互补,明显提高结石取尽成功率,降低术后并发症的发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of combined application of laparoscope and multiple endoscopes for the treatment of extra-hepatic bile duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 3780 patients with extra-hepatic bile duct stones who were admitted to the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from March 1998 to June 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the condition of bile duct stones,laparoscope,choledochoscope and duodenoscope were applied separately or combinately.All patients were divided into A,B and C groups.Patients in group A were treated by laparoseopy,choledochoscopy or duodenoscopy;patients in group B were treated by choledochoscopy+duodenoscopy.duodenoscopy+laparoscopy or laparoscopy+choledochoscopy;patients in group C were treated by laparoscopy+duodenoscopy+choledochoscopy.The efficacies of different treatment approaches were analyzed by comparing the results of imaging examination and follow-up.Results The curative rate and complication rate of the group A were 89.54%(1276/1425)and 6.73%(86/1276),respectively.Of the 149 patients in the group A who were failed in the treatment,83 patients were transferred to the group B,and 66 patients were transferred to the group C.The curative rate and complication rate of the group B(including 83 patients transferred from the group A)were 95.93%(1719/1792)and 4.07%(70/1719),respectively,and 73 patients who were failed in the treatment were transferred to the group C.The curative rate and complication rate of the group C(including 139 patients transferred from the group C)were 99.75%(783/785)and 0.26% (2/783),respectively,and 2 patients who were failed in the treatment received open surgery.Conclusion Combined application of laparoscope and endoscopes could raise the success rate of stone clearance and decrease the postoperative complications.     

代谢综合征与胃癌患者术后短期疗效的关系研究

Objective To investigate the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with gastric cancer, and to explore the relationship between MS and the tumor site and the influence of MS on surgical procedure and short-term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of 639 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2006 to June 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with MS were in the MS group ( n= 64) and those without MS were in the control group ( n = 575 ). The surgical and postoperative complications were reviewed and the tumor site, intraoperative conditions and short-term outcomes between the two groups were analyzed. All data were analyzed using the chi-square test or t test. Results The incidence of MS in patients with gastric cancer was 10.0% (64/639).The incidence of MS in female patients was 14.4% (27/188), which was significantly higher than 8.2% (37/451)of male patients ( χ2= 6.265, P < 0.05). The operation time of the MS group was ( 185 ± 133 ) minutes, which was significantly longer than ( 168 ± 50) minutes of the control group ( t = 2. 126, P < 0. 05 ). The number of lymph nodes dissected in the MS group was 18 ± 11, which was significantly lower than 21 ± 11 of the control group ( t = 2. 125, P < 0.05 ). The postoperative period of fever of the MS group was (3.0 ± 1.4) days, which was significantly longer than (2.5 ± 1.4) days of the control group (t = 2. 433, P < 0.05 ). The incidence of postoperative complications of the MS group was 31.3% (20/64), which was significantly higher than 14.3% (82/575) of the control group ( χ2 = 12.291, P < 0.05 ). The length of hospital stay of the MS group was ( 19 ± 11 ) days,which was significantly longer than ( 16±11 ) days of the control group ( t = 2. 141, P< 0.05 ). The mortalities of MS group and control group were 0 and 0. 5% (3/575), respectively, with no significant difference ( χ2 = 0.000,P >0.05). Condusions A low prevalence of MS is found in patients with gastric cancer. However, patients with gastric cancer complicated with MS may present with prolonged surgical procedure, reduced amount of lymph nodes dissected and increased incidence of postoperative complications, hospital stay and costs. Perioperative management of patients with gastric cancer complicated with MS should be paid more attention.     

急性胰腺炎胰腺腺泡细胞胀亡和巨噬细胞激活的关系

Objective To study the relationship between the oncosis of pancreatic acinar cells and activa-tion of macrophage in rat model of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods The pancreatic acinar cells were isolated by two-step enzyme digestion, and then they were divided into control group, AP group and test group. Pancreatic acinar cells were cultured with caerulein in AP group, with caerulein and endothelin in test group, and with culture medium in control group. The oncesis rate of the pancreatic acinar cells was detected after acridine orange and ethidium bromide fluorescent staining. The supernatant was collected to detect the release of amylase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The macrophages were cultured with 1 ml of supematant for 6 hours, and then the protein level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was measured by ELISA. Results Few oncotic pancreatic acinar cells were observed in the control group, and the levels of amylase and LDH secreted by pancreatic acinar cells and TNF-α secreted by macrophage were (1175±165)kU/L, (846±118)U/L and (36±5)μg/L, respectively. Oncotic pancreatic acinar cells were observed in AP group, and the levels of amylase, LDH and TNF-α were (7130±680) kU/L, (4262±626) U/L and (155±18) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in control group (t = 5.184, 4.277, 3.665, P < 0.05). The levels of amylase, LDH and TNF-α were even higher in test group, and they were (9240±1177) kU/L, (6937±893)U/L and (268±35)μg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in AP group (t = 2.251, 2.825, 2.843, P < 0.05). Conclusions The release of amylase was changed as the oncosis of pancreatic acinar cells occurred. The secretion of TNF-α was along with the degree of oncosis of pancreatic acinar cells. The results of the study indicate that a relationship exists among the inflammatory response of macrophage, the release of contents of pancreatic acinar cells and the oncosis of the pancreatic acinar cells.     

重症溃疡性结肠炎手术治疗分析

Objective To evaluate the role of different procedures in the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis (UC) requiring colectomy. Methods A total of 29 UC inpatients who underwent colectomy at the West China Hospital between January 1996 and December 2008 were included in this study. Except two cases who underwent partial colectomy,patients were divided into total colectomy group(TC group,n=7) and total proctocolectomy group(TPC group,n=20), meanwhile divided into ileal pouch-anal anstomosis (IPAA,n=8) group,straight end-to-end anastomosis (ileoanal or ileorectal and ileostomy)group (n=14)and ileostomy group (n=5). Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) instrument. Results The complication rate was 60.0% in TPC group and 57.1% in TC group (P＞0.05). The recurrence rate was 15.0% in TPC group and 57.1% in TC group (P＜0.05). The complication rate was 6/8 in IPAA group and 50.0%(7/14) in straight end-to-end anastomosis group(P＞0.05). The frequency of daily bowel movements in IPAA group was significantly lower than that in straight end-to-end anastomosis group at 1 year after the surgery(5.6±1.7 versus 9.1±2.9,P＜0.05). QOL was significantly improved postoperatively for all the patients (P＜0.01 ). Patients who underwent IPAA had a better QOL than those of straight end-to-end anastomosis group (P＞0.05). Conclusions TPC-IPAA is the ideal procedure of severe UC with acceptable complication rate, satisfactory quality of life and functional outcome.     

重症溃疡性结肠炎手术治疗分析

Objective To evaluate the role of different procedures in the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis (UC) requiring colectomy. Methods A total of 29 UC inpatients who underwent colectomy at the West China Hospital between January 1996 and December 2008 were included in this study. Except two cases who underwent partial colectomy,patients were divided into total colectomy group(TC group,n=7) and total proctocolectomy group(TPC group,n=20), meanwhile divided into ileal pouch-anal anstomosis (IPAA,n=8) group,straight end-to-end anastomosis (ileoanal or ileorectal and ileostomy)group (n=14)and ileostomy group (n=5). Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) instrument. Results The complication rate was 60.0% in TPC group and 57.1% in TC group (P＞0.05). The recurrence rate was 15.0% in TPC group and 57.1% in TC group (P＜0.05). The complication rate was 6/8 in IPAA group and 50.0%(7/14) in straight end-to-end anastomosis group(P＞0.05). The frequency of daily bowel movements in IPAA group was significantly lower than that in straight end-to-end anastomosis group at 1 year after the surgery(5.6±1.7 versus 9.1±2.9,P＜0.05). QOL was significantly improved postoperatively for all the patients (P＜0.01 ). Patients who underwent IPAA had a better QOL than those of straight end-to-end anastomosis group (P＞0.05). Conclusions TPC-IPAA is the ideal procedure of severe UC with acceptable complication rate, satisfactory quality of life and functional outcome.     

Anorectal functions in patients with lumbosacral spinal cord injury

Objective: To investigate the anorectal status in patients with lumbosacral spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Twenty six patients (23 males, 3 females) with lumbosacral SCI and 13 normal volunteers were enrolled into this study as controls. The median age was 43.7 years (ranging 17-68 years) and the median time of patients since injury was 59.1 months (ranging 8 months-15 years). They were diagnosed as complete lumbosacral SCI (n=2, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score A), or incomplete lumbosacral SCI (n =24, ASIA score B-D) with mixed symptoms of constipation and/or fecal incontinence, and were studied by anorectal manometry. None of the patients had any medical treatments for neurogenic bowel prior to this study. Results: The maximum anal resting pressure in lumbosacral SCI patients group was slightly lower than that in control group (One-way ANOVA: P =0.939). During defecatory maneuvers, 23 of 26 (88. 5%) patients with lumbosacral SCI and 1 of 13 (7.7%) in the control group showed pelvic floor dysfunction ( PFD) ( Fisher' s exact test: P<0.0001). Rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was identified in both patients with lumbosacral SCI and the controls. The rectal volume for sustained relaxation of the anal sphincter tone in lumbosacral SCI patients group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Independent-Samples t test: P <0.0001). The mean rectal volume to generate the first sensation was 92.7 ml±57.1 ml in SCI patients, 41. 5 ml±13. 4 ml in the control group (Independent-Samples t test: P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Most of the patients with lumbosacral SCI show PFD during defecatory maneuvers and their rectal sensation functions are severely damaged. Some patients exhibit abnormal cough reflex. Anorectal manometry may be helpful to find the unidentified supraconal lesions. RAIR may be modulated by central nervous system (CNS).     

组织特异性胞嘧啶脱氨酶和5-氟胞嘧啶热化疗对裸鼠结肠癌肝脏转移的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of tissue specific cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC) thermotherapy on hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma in nude mice. Methods Forty-five nude mice were randomly divided into control group, 5-FC group and 5-FC thermotherapy group according to the random number table (15 mice in each group). Mice models of hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma were established by portal vein injection of LoVo/CEACD cells. The hepatic metastasis rate and number of metastatic nodules of the 3 groups were compared by ehi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The pathological changes in tumor tissues and apoptotic index of tumor cells were observed. The expression of the CD gene in tumor tissues was detected by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Results The number of metastatic nodules and liver metas-tasis rate were 4.6±1.3 and 100.0% in control group, 2.2±1.0 and 60.0% in 5-FC group, 0.5±0.8 and 13.3% in 5-FC thermotherapy group, with statistical difference among the 3 groups (F=25.898, χ2=5.208, 19.548, 5.168, P<0.05). The mean apoptotic indexes of tumor cells of the 3 groups were 4.6%, 9.9% and 17.4%, respectively. Vacuolar degeneration, cell necrosis, cytolysis and apoptotic bodies were mostly observed in the 5-FC thermotherapy group. The expression of CD gene in tumor tissue was detected in all the groups. Conclusion Tissue specific CD/5-FC thermotherapy has inhibitory effects on the hepatic metastasis of LoVo cells transfected with CD gene.     

组织特异性胞嘧啶脱氨酶和5-氟胞嘧啶热化疗对裸鼠结肠癌肝脏转移的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of tissue specific cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC) thermotherapy on hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma in nude mice. Methods Forty-five nude mice were randomly divided into control group, 5-FC group and 5-FC thermotherapy group according to the random number table (15 mice in each group). Mice models of hepatic metastasis of colonic carcinoma were established by portal vein injection of LoVo/CEACD cells. The hepatic metastasis rate and number of metastatic nodules of the 3 groups were compared by ehi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The pathological changes in tumor tissues and apoptotic index of tumor cells were observed. The expression of the CD gene in tumor tissues was detected by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Results The number of metastatic nodules and liver metas-tasis rate were 4.6±1.3 and 100.0% in control group, 2.2±1.0 and 60.0% in 5-FC group, 0.5±0.8 and 13.3% in 5-FC thermotherapy group, with statistical difference among the 3 groups (F=25.898, χ2=5.208, 19.548, 5.168, P<0.05). The mean apoptotic indexes of tumor cells of the 3 groups were 4.6%, 9.9% and 17.4%, respectively. Vacuolar degeneration, cell necrosis, cytolysis and apoptotic bodies were mostly observed in the 5-FC thermotherapy group. The expression of CD gene in tumor tissue was detected in all the groups. Conclusion Tissue specific CD/5-FC thermotherapy has inhibitory effects on the hepatic metastasis of LoVo cells transfected with CD gene.     

胆道结石并胆道感染的临床分型及手术时机

目的：探讨胆道结石并胆道感染的临床分型及手术时机。方法从2011年5月至2013年5月收治的胆道结石并胆道感染患者中随机选择100例进行研究,经分型,5例为确诊型急性重症胆道感染（ACST）（确诊型ACST组）,85例为轻症胆道感染（轻症胆道感染组）,10例为先兆型急性重型胆道感染（先兆型ACST组）。采用SPSS 15．0统计软件进行分析,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,数据经检验方差不齐,选择多个独立样本比较的Kruskal-Wallis H检验,以P＜0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果经治疗,仅有1例患者死亡,为确诊型胆囊炎穿孔患者。比较各组的术后残石率可得,确诊型ACST组（25．0％）和先兆型ACST组（20．0％）的术后残石率显著高于轻症胆道感染组（6．0％）,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝5．16, P＜0．05）;但先兆型ACST组和确诊型ACST组之间进行比较,无显著差异（P＞0．05）。三组患者之中,确诊型ACST组患者术后的住院天数、术后住ICU天数最长,显著长于其他两组（t＝11．12, t＝3．85, P＜0．05）。术后随访3～6个月,患者进行影像学检查,所有患者均未出现复发。结论临床治疗胆道结石合并胆道感染患者的时候,若患者无禁忌证,则需要对先兆型急性重型胆道感染患者进行诊断和治疗,轻症者予以彻底手术治疗,先兆型急性重型者按照实际情况给予及时的手术治疗。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管结石的临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜与胆道镜联合胆管切开取石术在肝内外胆管结石中的应用效果。方法选取2012年1月至2015年4月间的110例肝内外胆管结石患者为研究对象,将其按照随机数字表法分为腔镜、胆道镜联合组(联合组)与开腹组,两组各55例。采取SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行数据分析与处理,手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、住院时间计量资料采取均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验;术后并发症、残石率计数资料采取χ~2进行检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果联合组与开腹组患者手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间和住院时间为(99.5±10.7)min比(132.6±12.7)min、(89.5±11.4)ml比(163.6±23.5)ml、(24.5±1.7)h比(85.2±8.3)h、(7.5±1.1)d比(12.7±2.7)d,差异有统计学意义(t=23.308,t=10.471,t=16.443,t=6.216,P0.05)。联合组比开腹组术后并发症发生率9.1%比20.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.301,P0.05)。联合组比开腹组残石率10.9%比41.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.682,P0.05)。结论临床中对于肝内外胆管结石患者实施腹腔镜与胆道镜联合治疗效果显著,属于微创手术,手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后恢复快,并发症相对较少,治疗安全性高,值得临床中应用与推广,实际应用价值高。     

单中心23年胆道外科腹腔镜手术的围手术期安全性分析

目的分析解放军总医院23年间收治胆道外科行腹腔镜手术患者的围手术期情况,探讨腹腔镜手术在胆道外科应用中的安全性。 方法根据相关纳入标准回顾性分析解放军总医院胆道外科1992年4月至2014年12月期间收治的连续11 419例腹腔镜手术患者的临床资料,进而分析其围手术期并发症发生和严重程度情况。选取同期行开腹手术的患者资料作为对照进行对比分析,比较两组患者之间围手术期和术后并发症情况。 结果(1)解放军总医院胆道外科1992年4月至2014年12月23年间收治的行腹腔镜手术患者共11 419例,占同期胆道外科手术患者的56.33%。(2)在所有患者中,围手术期死亡患者2例,病死率为0.02%;发生并发症患者43例,并发症发生率为0.38%。在所有并发症中,最常见的依次为胆瘘、切口感染和腹腔感染,发生率分别为0.18%、0.05%和0.05%,其中60.42%的并发症为Ⅱ级并发症,V级致死性并发症占4.17%。(3)腹腔镜手术并发症患者中构成比最高的疾病是胆囊良性疾病和肝外胆管结石,分别占58.14%和25.58%。(4) 对于胆囊良性疾病而言,腹腔镜手术的术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间、并发症发生率、病死率均优于开腹手术[(15.6±26.1)ml、(1.1±0.5)h、(2.1±1.8)d、25例(0.22%)、1例(0.01%)] vs [(136.1±168.2)ml、(1.7±0.8)h、(9.8±5.4)d、25例(0.22%)、80例(4.42%)](P<0.01)。对于肝外胆管结石患者而言,腹腔镜手术的术中出血量、术后住院时间和并发症发生率方面优于开腹手术[(44.4±46.1)ml、(5.4±5.7)h、11例(3.24%)] vs [(142.5±125.0)ml、(13.0±9.1)h、(9.8±5.4)d、84例(13.29%)](P<0.01)。 结论随着腹腔镜技术在胆道外科的推广和发展,其在胆囊良性疾病和肝外胆管结石中的应用最为广泛,围手术期效果明显优于开腹手术。     

腹腔镜与开腹肝血管瘤切除术对患者术后恢复的影响分析

目的探讨腹腔镜肝血管瘤切除术与开腹手术对患者术后恢复疗效。方法将56例肝血管瘤患者随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,每组28例。比较两组患者术中资料和术后恢复情况。应用SPSS 20.0软件包进行数据处理,手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量、切口长度、ALT水平、AST水平、术后输血量、术后引流量及住院天数等计量资料以(x珋±s)表示,采用t检验;并发症发生率等计数资料采用χ2检验或Fisher检验。P0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果腹腔镜组患者切口长度(6.4±0.6)cm、术中流血量(132.3±25.8)ml和术中输血量(104.3±15.6)ml与开腹组[分别为(24.5±4.7)cm、(245.6±36.2)ml、(211.5±22.8)ml]比较差异具有统计学意义(t=20.214,13.487,20.533,P0.01)。腹腔镜组患者术后输血量(402.5±45.3)ml、引流量(244.6±35.2)ml、住院天数(9.4±1.5)d和并发症发生率(14.3%)显著低于开腹组[(588.6±67.1)ml、(335.1±38.1)ml、(12.8±2.1)d、39.3%]差异具有统计学意义(t=12.163,t=9.232,t=6.971,P0.01)。腹腔镜组术后并发症4例(14.3%)明显低于开腹组11例(39.3%),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.462,P0.05)。结论腹腔镜肝血管瘤切除术治疗肝血管瘤术中损伤较小、患者术后肝功能和其他生理指标恢复更快具有临床应用价值。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜与开腹行胆总管探查术治疗胆总管结石的疗效比较

目的探讨腹腔镜下联合胆道镜行胆总管探查术对比传统开腹胆总管探查术在治疗胆总管结石中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2015年6月120例胆总管结石并行胆总管探查取石术患者的临床资料,根据术式将患者分为腹腔镜胆总管探查术组(LCBDE)与开腹胆总管探查术组(OCBDE),每组各60例。手术均由同一组术者完成。采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计学分析,术中术后各项指标等计量资料采用t检验,术后并发症计数资料采用χ2检验,P0.05被认为差异有统计学意义。结果 LCBDE组平均手术时间多于OCBDE组,但术中出血量[(44.8±11.7)ml比(69.1±17.5)ml]、术后止痛剂使用[(2.2±0.6)支比(3.5±0.7)支]、肛门排气时间[(23.6±5.3)h比(33.1±4.2)h]、平均住院时间[(6.9±1.0)d比(9.2±1.2)d]等均少于OCBDE组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后并发症两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与传统开腹胆总管探查术相比,腹腔镜下联合胆道镜胆总管探查术治疗急性轻中度胆管炎、胆总管结石,具有手术创伤小、术后康复快、住院时间短、术后并发症少等优点,治疗效果确切,安全、可靠。有临床推广应用价值。     

活体肝移植的胆道重建技术及并发症分析

目的 探讨活体肝移植的胆道重建方法及并发症防治措施.方法 回顾性分析77例活体肝移植临床资料,其中74例行右半肝移植(带肝中静脉29例,不带肝中静脉45例),左半肝带肝中静脉1例,左外叶切取2例.胆道重建采用胆肠吻合或供肝肝管与受体肝管端端吻合.结果 供肝断面1个胆管开口为54例,多个胆管开口为23例;胆肠吻合2例,胆管端端吻合75例,63例留置T管;术后总体胆道并发症发生率为36.4%(28/77),其中胆漏为10.4%(8/77),胆道狭窄为26.0%(20/77).供肝单支胆道以及单个吻合口术后胆道狭窄的发生率明显低于多支胆道及多个吻合口(P<0.05).8例胆漏病人经过B超指引穿刺引流全部治愈,20例吻合口狭窄病人经T管窦道放置支撑管或通过ERCP进行扩张,肝功能全部或部分好转.结论 活体肝移植供肝切取术中注意对断面胆管血供的保护以及尽可能获得单一的肝管开口可有效减少术后胆道并发症的发生;内镜和放射介入技术是治疗胆道并发症的有效手段.     

全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌的近远期临床疗效观察

目的探究全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌的近远期临床效果。方法采用随机数字法将2011年5月至2013年2月期间收治的64例直肠癌患者分成传统术式组和系膜切除术组(每组各32例患者),其中传统术式组患者的手术方案为传统术式治疗直肠癌,系膜切除术组患者的手术方案为全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行统计分析,两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及胃肠道功能恢复时间的计量资料采用均数±标准差(±s)表示,组间比较用独立样本t检验;并发症发生率、癌症复发率及3年生存率的计数资料采用χ2检验,检验水准为0.05。结果在手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及胃肠道功能恢复时间方面传统术式组患者分别为(175.5±57.6)min、(134.7±40.5)ml、(15.1±4.8)d、(87.1±23.5)h;系膜切除术组分别为(125.6±40.1)min、(91.2±34.9)ml、(9.4±4.1)d、(50.6±18.3)h,两组差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);传统术式组患者的并发症发生率为25.00%(8/32),系膜切除术组患者的并发症发生率为6.25%(2/32),两组差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.27,P0.05);传统术式组患者的癌症复发率及3年生存率分别为18.75%、65.63%,系膜切除术组患者的癌症复发率及3年生存率分别为3.13%、93.75%,两组差异均具有统计学意义(χ2=4.01、7.81,P0.05)。结论全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌具有良好的近远期临床疗效,可以减少手术、住院时间及术中出血量,能降低并发症发生率及癌症复发率,提高患者的生存率,适合临床推广。     

腹腔镜技术在腹部闭合性损伤中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜技术在腹部闭合性损伤的治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2015年1月至2015年5月收治的闭合性腹部损伤患者86例,根据治疗方式分为腹腔镜手术组(64例)和中转开腹手术组(22例)。采用SPSS 20.0进行分析处理,术后并发症发生率采用χ2检验;手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间和住院费用采用(x珋±s)表示并行t检验。以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果腹腔镜手术组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用均显著低于中转开腹手术组(t=6.531,t=2.378,t=2.356,t=8.569,P0.05或P0.01)。腹腔镜手术组术后并发症发生率3.13%(2/64)显著低于中转开腹手术组36.36%(8/22)(χ2=9.565,P0.01);出院时,腹腔镜手术组生活质量各维度显著高于中转开腹手术组(t=2.311,t=2.265,t=2.253,t=2.297,P0.05)。结论对于符合腹腔镜手术适应证的腹部闭合性损伤患者,积极开展腹腔镜手术,具有手术时间短,出血量少、住院相关费低的优势,应严格控制中转开腹率,提高其应用率。     

后腹腔镜下与开放根治性肾切除术治疗T1肾癌的疗效比较

目的 评价后腹腔镜下肾癌根治术治疗T1肾癌的临床疗效.方法 T1肾癌患者352例,均由同一组医生完成肾癌根治术,其中行后腹腔镜下手术组185例、开放性手术组167例,2组患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、分期、SCr值差异均无统计学意义.分析比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、手术并发症及生存率的差异.结果 后腹腔镜组与开放手术组手术时间为55～130(75.6±11.2)min与50～140(68.0±10.6)min(P0.05);术中出血量50～1200(110.6±32.3)ml与50～1500(160.8±38.1)ml、术后需用止痛药治疗8例与132例、术后进食时间1～2(1.3±0.5)d与2～5(2.9±1.2)d、术后住院时间3～7(4.6±1.2)d与7～1 4(8.9±1.6)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后中位随访时间25(6～42)个月,2组生存率(85.4%与86.2%)差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论 与开放性肾癌根治术相比,后腹腔镜下肾癌根治术出血少、恢复快、术后并发症少,已成为T1肾癌手术治疗的金标准.     

腹腔镜下改良淋巴结清扫术在甲状腺癌中的应用价值

目的探究腹腔镜下改良淋巴结清扫术在甲状腺癌中的临床价值。方法以2011年6月至2015年5月接受医治的90例甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者为研究对象。根据医治方法的不同分成腹腔镜组(35例)和传统手术组(55例)。统计学分析采用SPSS 19.0软件,对两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后总引流量、总住院时间用(x珋±s)表示,使用t检验;并发症比较采用χ2检验及Fisher确切概率法分析,P值小于0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果腹腔镜组在手术用时较传统组要长,但术中出血量却较传统组少[(30.13±11.25)ml比(49.49±12.13)ml(t=7.589,P0.05)];术后腹腔镜组引流量较传统组多[(92.38±21.35)ml比(42.85±18.73)ml(t=11.579,P0.05)];住院时间腹腔镜组短于传统组[(4.47±0.53)d比(7.32±1.52)d(t=10.669,P0.05)];腹腔镜组与传统组在术中淋巴结清扫数目上没有明显差别[(5.32±1.21)个比(4.95±1.72)个(P0.05)];术后并发症总发生率:腹腔镜组8.57%(3/35)少于传统组25.45%(14/55),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.979,P=0.046)。结论腹腔镜下改良淋巴结清扫术医治PTC安全可行,具有术中出血量少、术后疼痛轻及术后恢复快等优点,值得临床推广应用。