膀胱上皮细胞清除胞内大肠杆菌

目的:了解大肠杆菌与膀胱上皮细胞的相互关系,观察大肠杆菌在人膀胱上皮细胞株T24中的动态变化。方法:采用大肠杆菌标准株K12和大肠杆菌临床分离株299侵袭T24细胞,并用庆大霉素杀死细胞外的细菌,分别于细菌侵袭细胞后的4、24及48 h用TritonX-100裂解细胞,释放出细胞内的活细菌,用平板菌落计数法计数胞内活菌数。结果:两株大肠杆菌在T24细胞内都不能生长,随着时间的推移,细胞内大肠杆菌活菌数量呈不断减少趋势。24 h细胞内活菌数下降为4 h活菌数的15%。48h细胞内活菌数进一步减少。结论:膀胱上皮细胞清除进入细胞内的大肠杆菌,这可能是泌尿道天然免疫防御的一个重要防御机     

肺炎克雷伯杆菌在T24细胞内存活的动态观察

目的：了解肺炎克雷伯杆菌与膀胱上皮细胞的相互关系，观察肺炎克雷伯杆菌在人膀胱上皮细胞抹T24中生存的动态变化。方法：采用肺炎克雷伯杆菌临床分离抹03138侵袭T24细胞，并用庆大霉素杀死细胞外的细菌，分别于细菌进入细胞后的4、24、48及72h裂解细胞，释放出细胞内的活细菌，用平板菌落计数法计数胞内活菌数。结果：T24细胞内的肺炎克雷伯杆菌03138抹在实验48h内有一定生长，试验72h细胞内活菌数量明显减少。加入细胞因子（TNF-αd和INF-γ）可以促进上皮细胞清除胞内细菌。结论：膀胱上皮细胞清除进入细胞内的肺炎克雷伯杆菌，可能是泌尿道天然免疫的一种防御机制，而细胞因子可以调控上皮细胞的抗菌作用。     

金黄色葡萄球菌重组蛋白AtlM的体外抗菌效应初步探讨

目的通过基因工程技术获取金黄色葡萄球菌（ ATCC25923）自溶素片段AtlM重组蛋白（ rAtlM）,初步探讨其体外抗菌效应。方法根据GenBank 中金黄色葡萄球菌atlM基因序列（ AC：D17366）设计合成特异引物,采用PCR技术扩增相应的序列并构建重组表达质粒pET-32а（＋）/atlM,经由IPTG诱导后通过等电点洗脱技术获取纯化的rAtlM;采用微量肉汤稀释法测定rAtlM对ATCC25923及其苯唑西林诱导耐药株的最低抑菌浓度（ minimal inhibitory concentration ,MIC）;体外试验测定rAtlM对ATCC25923菌株及其耐药株的抗菌活性。结果成功构建了原核表达载体pET-32а（＋）/atlM,表达的重组蛋白AtlM对ATCC25923标准株和耐药株的MIC分别为8μg/ml和64μg/ml。体外抑菌试验显示rAtlM作用于ATCC25923标准株和耐药株1 h后即对细菌生长具有抑制作用（ P值分别为0．004和0．026）,对标准株作用持续到5 h测定点（P＝0．012）,对苯唑西林耐药株作用持续到3 h测定点（P＝0．001）,5 h后与未加药物的对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P＝0．102）。结论50μg/ml的rAtlM对金黄色葡萄球菌（ ATCC25923）及苯唑西林耐药株初步显示出一定的抑菌作用,具有作为抗菌药物的可能性。     

消旋聚乳酸-左氧氟沙星骨植入缓释片抗感染的体外实验研究

[摘要]目的 探讨消旋聚乳酸—左氧氟沙星骨植入缓释片体外抗骨感染效果。方法 应用溶剂混悬挥发法制备骨植入缓释片，观察其对金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株（S. aureus ATCC 25923）、大肠埃希菌标准菌株（Escherichia coli ATCC 25922）、铜绿假单胞菌标准菌株（Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853）的抑菌效果。结果 消旋聚乳酸—左氧氟沙星骨植入缓释片在46天实验时间内对金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株（S. aureus ATCC 25923）、大肠埃希菌标准菌株（Escherichia coli ATCC 25922）、铜绿假单胞菌标准菌株（Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853）有良好的抑菌效果。结论 消旋聚乳酸可作为药物缓释系统的一种可降解材料载体，为可降解材料治疗骨感染提供了新的思路。     

人气管上皮细胞对绿脓杆菌抗菌作用观察

目的：探讨呼吸道上皮细胞与呼吸道致病菌之间的相互关系,观察呼吸道上皮细胞对绿脓杆菌的抗菌作用。方法：（1）贴壁生长的人呼吸道上皮细胞株HBE-16与绿脓杆菌标准株ATCC27853共孵育,庆大霉素杀死胞外菌,动态观察上皮细胞内活细菌数;（2）HBE-16细胞与绿脓杆菌共同悬浮于细胞培养基,在不同孵育时间点用平板菌落计数法计数活菌数。结果：绿脓杆菌不能在HBE-16细胞内生长,并被细胞逐渐清楚。悬浮状态下的HBE-16细胞对绿脓杆菌有一定杀菌作用。结论：呼吸道上皮细胞对胞内外绿脓杆菌的抗菌作用,可能是呼吸道抵抗细菌感染的一种天然免疫防御机制。     

纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用及其机制研究

目的以金黄色葡萄球菌为对象,研究纳米银的抗菌作用,并对抗菌机制进行探讨。方法金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)、双倍浓度营养肉汤和营养肉汤由中国食品药品检定研究院提供;纳米银粉末(≤100 nm,576832-5G,SIGMA-ALORICH)。采用最小抑菌浓度(MIC)实验,测定纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌的振荡培养时(转速为300 r/min)最小抑菌浓度值;采取烧瓶振荡法测定质量浓度50.00、100.00、200.00、800.00μg/m L纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌作用的光密度(OD)值;扫描电子显微镜观察纳米银处理后金黄色葡萄球菌结构的变化。结果振荡培养时,纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为800.00μg/m L;纳米银使金黄色葡萄球菌的延滞期延长,浓度800.00μg/m L纳米银溶液能够完全抑制金黄色葡萄球菌在肉汤培养液中的增殖生长;用50.00μg/m L的纳米银作用金黄色葡萄球菌4 h,电子显微镜结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌细胞壁破裂、胞内物质外流及细胞的死亡。结论纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌有抗菌作用,可能进入细菌细胞内造成其死亡。     

TNF-α增强膀胱上皮细胞清除细胞内肺炎克雷伯杆菌

研究TNF-α对膀胱上皮细胞内肺炎克雷伯杆菌生存的影响。方法：以肺炎克雷伯杆菌侵入体外培养的人膀胱上皮细胞（T24细胞）为模型,观察在TNF-α等细胞因子处理条件下,不同时间点细胞内细菌数量变化。结果：单独使用TNF-α使T24细胞内的肺炎克雷伯杆菌K5株细菌数量明显减少,联合使用TNF-α与IFN-γ使胞内活菌数量更显著的减少。而IL-1β对细胞内活菌数量无明显影响。过氧化氢酶可以有效抑制TNF-α与IFN-γ刺激的＂1＂24细胞抗菌作用,而一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAME无抑制作用。结论：TNF-α能够增强膀胱上皮细胞对抗细胞内肺炎克雷伯杆菌,抗菌机制与细胞产生活性氧（ROS）有关。     

活性屏等离子表面改性技术制备纳米银涂层不锈钢的体外抗菌性能

背景:既往利用活性屏等离子技术制备的银涂层大都不涉及纳米领域,形成的银涂层为“薄膜样”,被覆基质表层且表面银颗粒分布不均,其长效抗菌能力受到挑战。目的:采用活性屏等离子体表面改性(ASPSM)技术制备可“埋入”不锈钢(SS)基质内部的纳米银涂层,观察其抗菌能力。方法:以不锈钢为基体,采用ASPSM技术制备纳米银涂层,其中通过调整轰击时间(1,2,4 h)制备3组涂层样品,分别记为1 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS、2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS和4 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,通过抑菌环实验、革兰染色分析3组涂层的抗菌能力。以不锈钢为基体,制备庆大霉素联合万古霉素抗生素涂层样品,记为ACNs。将不锈钢、2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS、ACNs分别插入金黄色葡萄球菌或铜绿假单胞菌悬液中,采用涂布平板法分析样品长效(84 d)抗菌能力。将骨髓间充质干细胞分别与不锈钢、2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS、ACNs共培养,进行CCK-8、活死染色与细胞上清乳酸脱氢酶活性检测。取连续暴露于金黄色葡萄球菌悬液12周后的不锈钢、2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS、ACNs,采用滚平板法评估材料表面残留活菌量,采用万古霉素药敏纸片法评估材料表面残留活菌耐药性。结果与结论:①随着轰击时间的延长,样品表面纳米银的直径与含量逐渐增加,其中2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS在形成了均匀球形纳米颗粒的情况下表面银含量较高。②抑菌环实验、革兰染色显示,相较于1 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS、4 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS对金黄色葡萄球菌与铜绿假单胞菌有更好的抑制效果。与两种细菌共培养42,84 d后,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS组洗脱液涂布平板上的活菌数量显著少于不锈钢组、ACNs组;与金黄色葡萄球菌共培养84 d后、与铜绿假单胞菌共培养42 d后,ACNs组洗脱液涂布平板上的活菌数量多于不锈钢组。③CCK-8、活死染色与细胞上清乳酸脱氢酶活性检测显示,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS无明显的细胞毒性,ACNs具有明显的细胞毒性。④与金黄色葡萄球菌共培养12周后,2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS组表面残留活菌量少于不锈钢组,ACNs组表面残留活菌量多于不锈钢组;与不锈钢组比较,ACNs组表面残留活菌株对万古霉素的敏感性显著下降(P<0.001),2 h-Ag-ASPSM@SS组表面残留活菌株对万古霉素的敏感性无明显变化(P>0.05)。⑤结果表明,ASPSM技术制备的纳米银涂层提高了不锈钢表面纳米银含量的沉积效率,并且具有持久的抗菌特性、良好的细胞相容性。     

RIP2对大肠杆菌的抗菌作用研究

目的: 探讨受体相互作用蛋白2(RIP2)对人肠细胞清除大肠杆菌的作用。方法: 使用阳离子聚合物JetPei^TM介导人 RIP2 基因(pEGFP-C2-PIP2)转染人结肠癌SW480细胞株,以转染空质粒及未转染的SW480细胞株作为对照,应用RT-PCR检测外源性RIP2mRNA水平的变化、Western blotting法检测细胞RIP2蛋白的表达;并利用大肠杆菌ATCC25922感染转染和未转染的SW480细胞24 h, 用平板培养菌落计数活菌数。应用p38 MAPK通路抑制剂SB203580作用于3组细胞,计数活菌数。结果: 与对照组相比,转染RIP2组其mRNA和蛋白表达水平均有明显升高(P<0.01, P<0.05),表明RIP2表达质粒成功转染SW480细胞。转染RIP2细胞能清除胞内大肠杆菌;而阻断p38 MAPK信号通路后,RIP2清除胞内大肠杆菌的作用被阻断。结论: RIP2转染细胞可有效清除胞内大肠杆菌,这种胞内细菌的清除作用可能与p38 MAPK信号通路有关。这些结果提示RIP2在细菌感染性疾病治疗中具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

人单核细胞系THP-1中HMGN2的分离纯化及其抗菌活性

 目的 从人单核细胞株THP-1中分离与纯化HMGN2抗菌肽,应用微量琼脂糖弥散法检测抗菌活性,以探讨HMGN2分子的抗菌作用。方法 采用HPLC分离纯化, 琼脂糖弥散法筛选纯化有抗菌活性的组分,用Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳初步测定其分子质量,以质谱法进行分子质量的精确分析。结果 从人THP-1细胞中分离纯化出HMGN2抗菌肽, 琼脂糖弥散法检测显示其对大肠杆菌氨苄青霉素耐药株ML-35p有较强的抑菌活性,对大肠杆菌标准株ATCC25922和临床分离株54080亦有较强的抗菌活性,而对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923未检测出抗菌活性。结论：HMGN2是一种抗菌分子,可能参与了体内的天然免疫防御作用。     

Bacterial adherence to human endothelial cells in vitro.

Differences in the ability of bacteria to adhere to normal valvular endothelium may account for the predominance of particular species as pathogens in acute endocarditis. An in vitro adherence assay was developed to simulate the host surface encountered in acute bacterial endocarditis by using confluent monolayers of human endothelial cells. Adherence of 32 gram-positive and -negative blood culture isolates to this surface was compared. All five Staphylococcus aureus strains tested were highly adherent to endothelial cells, as was one gram-negative strain (Serratia marcescens). The remaining gram-positive and -negative isolates, including four viridans streptococci, were relatively nonadherent. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated attachment of Staphylococcus aureus and invagination of the underlying endothelial cell membrane at 1 h followed by engulfment of large numbers of bacteria after 3 h. The intracellular bacteria appeared to be contained within vacuoles. Preferential attachment of some strains of bacteria, in particular Staphylococcus aureus, to human endothelial cells occurred in vitro, suggesting that adherence is an important determinant of bacterial pathogenicity in acute endocarditis. Active uptake of bacteria by endothelial cells may help account for the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in endovascular infections and for the ability of this organism to establish multiple metastatic foci of infection.     

Aerobic bacterial flora of oral and nasal fluids of canines with reference to bacteria associated with bites.

Oral and nasal fluids of 50 dogs were examined to determine the prevalence of aerobic bacteria frequently associated with animal bite wounds. The most frequently isolated microorganisms included: IIj, EF-4, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, group D streptococci, Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacteria, Neisseria sp., Moraxella sp., and Bacillus sp. Other species and genera were infrequently recovered and may represent transient flora. The high incidence of IIj, EF-4, P. multocida, and S. aureus, all known human pathogens, suggests that they should be considered as probably contaminants in bite wounds.     

121例慢性细菌性前列腺炎病原菌检测及耐药谱分析

目的: 了解引起我院慢性细菌性前列腺炎的病原菌分布及其耐药谱特征,为临床诊断和治疗细菌性前列腺炎提供依据。方法: 用无菌方法采集前列腺炎患者的前列腺液进行细菌培养,利用VITEK2 Compact生物鉴定系统对细菌培养阳性的菌株进行种属鉴定,参照美国临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)推荐的方法,采用K-B法进行体外药敏试验,用WHONET 5.6软件分析病原菌的耐药谱特征。结果: 121例细菌性前列腺炎患者中,革兰阳性细菌感染患者93例(76.8%),革兰阴性细菌28例(23.2%),其中分离率前3位的细菌分别是金黄色葡萄球菌(29例,23.9%)、溶血性葡萄球菌(23例,19.0%)和表皮葡萄球菌(18例,14.9%)。药敏试验结果显示,3种主要革兰阳性细菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑胺全部敏感,对庆大霉素、红霉素、克林霉素、头孢西丁、苯唑西林和环丙沙星存在不同程度的耐药(7.1%~78.4%),对青霉素的耐药率高达90%以上;大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南和厄他培南全部敏感,对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、环丙沙星、四环素、复方新诺明等抗生素有不同程度的耐药(14.5% ~69.7%)。结论: 我院慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者的病原菌主要是金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌。慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者的治疗应以药敏试验结果为依据,合理选用抗菌药物。     

Determination of non-immune binding of immunoglobulin G to Staphylococcus aureus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Non-immune binding of human IgG to Staphylococcus aureus was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using whole bacteria or bacterial cell walls as the solid phase. Two types of anti-human IgG peroxidase conjugates each with a low affinity for protein A, were used: F(ab')2-fragments of goat IgG and chicken IgY.     

Concurrent estimation of the kinetics of adhesion and ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

Direct recording of the kinetics of early phagocytic events, recognition or adhesion and ingestion, may better characterize some forms of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) dysfunction. This report describes a method and criteria to discriminate concurrently between adhesion and ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus by human PMNs at the level of the light microscope. The criteria were confirmed by several lines of direct evidence: low temperature and cytochalasin b treatment of PMNs; lysostaphin digestion of target Staphylococcus aureus after PMN incubation; and differential ingestibility of colony types I and III N. gonorrheae. Concurrent determinations of the initial kinetics of adhesion and ingestion of bacteria by PMNs demonstrated generalized first order kinetics, sensitive to bacterial challenge ratio and total particle density. Most importantly, the method may be applied to determine if phagocytically defective PMNs actually fail to recognize opsonized bacteria.     

TiAl6Vi4表面超疏水修饰后的体外抑菌实验

背景：研究表明,材料表面亲、疏水性(即表面浸润性)是影响细菌黏附的重要原因。 目的：探讨钛金属TiAl₆Vi₄表面超疏水改性后对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。 方法：将TiAl6Vi4板块经砂纸、酸溶液抛光和超声清洗后,随机分组：超疏水表面组采用电化学阳极氧化法在TiAl₆Vi₄表面制备TiO₂纳米管薄膜,并通过氟硅烷自组装修饰;亲水表面组采用电化学阳极氧化法在TiAl₆Vi₄表面制备TiO₂纳米管薄膜;疏水表面组对TiAl₆Vi₄表面行氟硅烷自组装修饰,分别测量3组表面的接触角。将3组样品浸泡于金黄色葡萄球菌菌液中2 h,观察样品表面细菌黏附和分布状态,以及浸泡过样品剩余菌液的A值。 结果与结论：亲水表面组表面多数金葡菌彼此聚集、重叠,呈葡萄串形态;疏水表面组表面细菌有聚在一起的趋势,但没有彼此重叠、覆盖,只是单层排列,没有形成葡萄串表面;超疏水表面组表面细菌分散排布,一般只有两三个细菌在一起,不成串,不重叠。3组表面随着亲水性的降低细菌数量逐渐减少,以超疏水表面组为最少,而且细菌相互分离的也更加明显。超疏水表面组剩余菌液的A值明显高于亲水表面组和疏水表面组(P < 0.05)。表明钛金属表面超疏水修饰能有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌贴附。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

脊柱化脓性感染模型犬感染的判断与植入物治疗

背景：应用生物发光基因标记细菌建立动物感染模型,模拟脊柱感染的局部环境,揭示脊柱感染发生的病理生理机制。 目的：探讨前路一期清创自体髂骨植骨钛板内固定治疗脊柱化脓性感染的可行性及安全性。 方法：取中国家犬24只,用生物发光基因标记金葡菌Xen29建立犬脊柱化脓性感染模型。应用X射线、CT、MRI等检查对模型进行系统的动态影像学观察。建模4周后所有犬行前路一期清创自体髂骨植骨钛板内固定。内固定中、内固定后连续4周应用抗生素抗感染治疗。分别于内固定后4,8,12,24周处死犬,将钛板及钛板比邻的骨组织取出,进行传统的细菌培养、普通细菌16S rRNA 基因及金葡菌特异性Nuc基因进行PCR检测、生物发光成像(BLI)检测。 结果与结论：家犬内固定后观察切口愈合良好,没有窦道形成及脓性物质渗出。标本大体观察及MRI检查结果均未见脓肿形成、椎骨骨髓炎等感染复发征象。用传统的细菌培养、普通细菌16S rRNA 基因PCR检测作为判断感染与否的标准,感染率分别为41.7%(10/24)、75%(18/24),表明用PCR检测细菌16S rRNA 基因的检测方法判断感染的敏感性要明显高于传统细菌培养方法(P < 0.05)。金黄色葡萄球菌特异性Nuc基因的PCR检测验证有金黄色葡萄球菌存在(1/24)。而利用BLI技术对假体周围细菌进行特异性基因检测,并未检出基因标记的细菌Xen29(0/24)。证实体内假体上细菌附着是一种相对的普遍现象,并且内固定后取出的假体上分离出来的细菌与内固定前脊柱所感染的细菌种类并非同源。提示前路一期清创自体髂骨植骨钛板内固定治疗脊柱化脓性感染是安全有效的。内固定的使用不会造成感染复发或持续性慢性感染。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

新生儿败血症致病菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 研究新生儿败血症感染致病菌分布及耐药性情况,为临床合理用药提供理论依据。方法 通过医院信息管理系统对我院2015年4月~2018年4月在围产儿科住院的共111例新生儿败血症的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对其所采血培养结果进行分析。结果 111例新生儿败血症患儿共检出菌株113株,其中革兰氏阳性菌103株（91.15%）,革兰氏阴性菌10株（8.85%）,真菌检出（0%）。革兰氏阳性菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（表皮葡萄球菌58株、溶血性葡萄球菌12株、人葡萄球菌9株、沃氏葡萄球菌3株）、粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主,分别为82株（72.57%）、10株（8.85%）、7株（6.19%）;革兰氏阴性菌以大肠埃希菌为主,共7株（6.19%）。革兰氏阳性球菌是新生儿败血症的主要病原菌,其对青霉素、红霉素及苯唑西林耐药率高,对万古霉素、替考拉宁100.00%敏感。革兰氏阴性菌对氨苄青霉素舒巴坦、氨苄西林、复方新诺明耐药率高,对亚胺培南、美洛培南敏感。结论 根据血培养药敏结果,选择敏感抗菌药物,合理使用抗生素,可减少细菌耐药的发生,提高临床治疗效果。     

The Bactericidal And Cytotoxic Effects Of Antimicrobial Wound Cleansers

OBJECTIVE: Wound care is a part of daily activity for many athletic trainers. Knowing which cleansers are effective against the bacteria that most commonly cause infection and whether they are toxic to healthy cells enables athletic trainers to make educated decisions on which cleanser to use. We compared the bactericidal effectiveness and cytotoxicity to human fibroblast cells of 4 cleansers at various dilutions. DESIGN AND SETTING: A 4 x 4 factorial design was used for the cytotoxicity testing. The independent variables were type and dilution of cleanser. The dependent variable was cell viability of the human fibroblast cells. We used a 2 x 3 x 4 x 4 factorial design for the bacterial testing. The independent variables were type and dilution of bacteria and type and dilution of cleanser. The dependent variable was the bactericidal action of the cleanser on the bacteria. SUBJECTS: Human foreskin samples were used to obtain a line of fibroblast cells. Bacterial samples were obtained from an athletic training clinic, isolated from swabs of a whirlpool water supply valve (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) or skin surface (Staphylococcus aureus). MEASUREMENTS: We obtained bactericidal measurements by testing isolated Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Minimum and maximum concentrations were identified according to bactericidal effectiveness. Cytotoxicity measurements were obtained from spectrophotometer readings of a neutral red assay for fibroblast cell viability. Final dilutions tested were determined by pilot testing. RESULTS: At the 1:5 dilution of product in sterile 0.9% saline, both Cinder Suds and Nitrotan and hydrogen peroxide were different from the control with regard to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At the 1:10 dilution, both Betadine and hydrogen peroxide were different from the control with regard to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These 2 cleansers were also different from each other. At the 1:10 dilution, only Betadine was not different from the control for the cytotoxicity testing. CONCLUSIONS: Betadine was both effective against bacteria and not harmful to human fibroblast cells at a 1:10 dilution of a commercially purchased solution.     

Binding of Staphylococcus aureus by human serum spreading factor in an in vitro assay.

Human serum spreading factor, an animal cell adhesion-promoting glycoprotein, bound Staphylococcus aureus in an assay in which association of bacteria to protein-precoated microtiter wells was quantitated. Interaction of human serum spreading factor with S. aureus suggests that this protein may play a role in host defenses and in the invasiveness and pathogenicity of microbial infections.