不同骨质疏松风险评估工具的筛检效果评价

目的通过对7种骨质疏松风险评估工具的对比,评价其社区与临床应用价值,为预防和筛查骨质疏松提供科学依据。方法共纳入299名40周岁以上的中老年人,其中女性均已绝经,应用双能X线骨密度仪测量其骨密度值并诊断是否患有骨质疏松症,计算各个工具得分,比较变量、灵敏度、特异度和曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)。结果绝经后妇女的各个工具得分均有统计学意义(P0.05),亚洲人骨质疏松自评工具(osteoporosis self-assessment tool for asian, OSTA)的灵敏度为96.3%,特异度为6.3%,AUC为0.710;骨质疏松风险评估工具(osteoporosis risk assessment instrument, ORAI)的灵敏度为90.1%,特异度为12.7%, AUC为0.661;骨质疏松风险简单评估(simple calculated osteoporosis risk estimation, SCORE)的灵敏度为25.9%,特异度为81.9%, AUC为0.686;骨质疏松危险指数(osteoporosis index of risk, OSIRIS)的灵敏度为90%,特异度为30.8%, AUC为0.734;骨质疏松预筛选风险评估(osteoporosis prescreening risk assessment, OPERA)的灵敏度为38.2%,特异度为84%, AUC为0.658;美国骨质疏松基金会快速诊断法(National Osteoporosis Foundation, NOF)的灵敏度为90.4%,特异度为26.6%, AUC为0.652。仅NOF筛检的中老年男性骨质疏松具有统计学意义(P0.05),NOF的灵敏度为93.5%,特异度为25.8%, AUC为0.697;而男性骨质疏松症风险评估(male osteoporosis risk estimation score, MORES)筛检的灵敏度为74.1%,特异度为29.0%,AUC为0.575,不具有统计学意义(P=0.190)。结论 OSTA的灵敏度最高,且仅有2个变量,使用最为简便,适合筛检大样本人群;OSIRIS灵敏度和特异度均较好,用于临床筛检更为准确;ORAI和NOF灵敏度较高,适合筛检阳性人群;SCORE和OPERA特异度较好,适合筛检阴性人群;NOF可用于筛检中老年男性骨质疏松。     

Extracardiac rupture of aneurysm of the noncoronary sinus of valsalva: report of a case

A 78-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of chest pain and general fatigue. A chest X-ray showed marked cardiomegaly and computed tomography (CT) revealed pericardial effusion with left pleural effusion. Upon admission to CCU, she suddenly lost consciousness and was intubated. Echocardiography confirmed increase in the amount of the pericardial effusion, which was drained at CCU. By an emergent operation, ruptured aneurysm of the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva to the pericardial space was confirmed upon opening the chest and patch plasty of the sinus of Valsalva was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged on the 24th postoperative day. Extracardiac rupture of aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva is extremely rare, and the emergent operation is indispensable.     

Predictors of outcome of non-displaced fractures of the base of the fifth metatarsal

The purpose of this study was to identify those factors that influence the outcome after conservative treatment of undisplaced fractures of the fifth metatarsal. This was done with univariate analyses and, for the first time, with regression analyses of day-to-day clinical practice. Thirty-eight patients were treated with plaster and periods of no weight bearing (NWB). Their mean age was 48 years. They were evaluated using the Olerud ankle score, with analogue scales for pain and comfort, and with questions about cosmesis and wearing of shoes. Six patients sustained a Jones fracture and 32 a tuberosity avulsion fracture. The mean period of NWB was 17 days and of casting was 38 days. Three Jones fractures and all the avulsion fractures were healed at the end of treatment. After a mean of 490 days, the global ankle score was 82/100. Ten patients reported problems with shoes and nine reported cosmetic problems. The linear analogue scale for pain was 2.11/10 and for comfort 8.42/10. Gender, age, and fracture type did not affect outcome. The most significant predictor of poor functional outcome was longer NWB, which was strongly associated with worse global outcome, discomfort, and reported stiffness. NWB should be kept to a minimum for acute avulsions of the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal.     

腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术73例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术治疗先天性无阴道的价值.方法 2001年7月～2005年11月对73例先天性无阴道在腹腔镜监视下,于尿道、膀胱与直肠间隙间形成阴道“隧道“,利用腹膜推进器将盆底腹膜经“隧道“推至前庭创口,并缝合固定,腹腔镜下关闭盆腔内腹膜,在“隧道“内填入凡士林纱条,数日后取出,术后定期扩张阴道.结果 腹腔镜下完成手术70例,中转开腹结肠代阴道成形术1例,中转开腹回肠代阴道成形术1例,腹腔镜辅助回肠代阴道成形术1例.手术时间50～160min,平均65min;术中出血量20～100ml,平均50ml.术后住院15～20d,平均16d.70例术后随访1～24个月,平均13个月,66例腹膜阴道成形术阴道深＞9cm,4例阴道深度为8cm,均可容阴道窥器插入,阴道黏膜粉红色、湿润,弹性良好;已婚或有性生活44例,其中43例性生活满意,1例诉阴道较浅(8cm).结论 腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术具有操作简便、创伤小、康复快的优点,术后阴道外观与功能等同正常女性外生殖器及阴道,值得推广.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床效果。方法:回顾分析2011年3月至10月为26例结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床资料,并总结手术方式及随访结果。结果:手术时间105～315 min,平均185 min;术中出血量100～320 ml,平均175 ml;术后胃肠功能恢复时间1～4 d,平均1.8 d;标本切缘均阴性,清扫淋巴结总数10～22枚,平均15枚。术后未发生腹腔出血、吻合口漏及狭窄等并发症;术后住院7～10 d,平均8 d。随访3～10个月,平均8个月,均无转移、复发及切口种植。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术安全可行,具有微创、安全、术后康复快、肿瘤根治彻底等优点,在肿瘤根治性、手术时间、近期疗效等方面与传统开腹手术相当,值得推广应用。     

Surgical treatment of giant-cell tumors of the spine.

Three cases of relatively uncommon giant-cell tumors in the third cervical and first thoracic vertebra and the sacrum were treated surgically by radical resection and reconstruction. The tumor in the third cervical vertebra was treated by incomplete excision and anterior arthrodesis at a local hospital without pre- or postoperative radiotherapy. A recurrence was noted after four months, however, and an emergency operation was performed for severe quadriplegia. After posterior decompression, the tumor was resected by the lateral approach, and an autograft was performed. The tumor in the first thoracic vertebra was removed simultaneously by the anterior, posterior, and lateral approaches, and reconstruction was performed. The sacral tumor, which was radioresistant, was totally excised, and reconstruction was performed. Using these treatments, excellent results have been recorded after follow-up intervals of 1.5, three, and six years. Because of advancements in preoperative imaging techniques and better surgical techniques, radical resection is the recommended treatment for giant-cell tumors located in the spine.     

Investigation of cases of acute arterial thrombosis of the lower extremities

Thirty-six cases of acute arterial thrombosis treated in our department were investigated. The lesion was limited to the legs. The basic disease were 33 cases of arteriosclerosis obliterans, 2 of thromboangiitis obliterans and one cases of popliteal sclerotic aneurysm. The limb salvaged rate was 65% and the mortality was 22%. According to the findings of the extremities, they were classified into 4 groups. As for the results, this classification was useful to determine the prognosis of the legs. According to the clinical experience of myonephropathic-metabolic syndrome in (MNMS) 7 cases, staged revascularization was considered as one of the preventive treatments to avoid MNMS. The thrombolytic continuous perfusion therapy was supportive measure for these cases. This procedure was useful and available for limb salvage.     

三种硫磺洗剂治疗Ⅱ度寻常性痤疮疗效观察

目的：观察10%磺胺醋酰钠硫磺洗剂、1%氯霉素硫磺洗剂、5%硫磺洗剂外用治疗Ⅱ度寻常性痤疮的疗效。方法：采取随机对照双盲的方法分组,A组：10%磺胺醋酰钠硫磺洗剂治疗,93例;B组：1%氯霉素硫磺洗剂治疗,89例;C治疗：5%硫磺洗剂治疗,84例。疗程均为8周。结果：A组显效率67.7%,总有效率92.5%;B组显效率47.2%,总有效率79.8%;C组显效率16.7%,总有效率60.7%。A和B组显效率比较具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,B和C组显效率比较具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;A和B组的总有效率比较具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,B和C组的总有效率比较具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：10%磺胺醋酰钠硫磺洗剂治疗Ⅱ度寻常性痤疮疗效优于1%氯霉素硫磺洗剂,1%氯霉素硫磺洗剂则优于5%硫磺洗剂。     

Surgical management of colloid cyst of the third ventricle--a study of 105 cases

BACKGROUND: Colloid cyst of the third ventricle is a relatively rare intracranial tumor. It generates tremendous interest for the neurosurgeon because of its benign nature, deep location, and an excellent prognosis when diagnosed early and excised. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of 105 cases of third ventricle colloid cyst treated between 1967 to 1998 was conducted. The clinical presentation, radiological findings, different surgical approaches, and outcome were analyzed. The transcallosal and transcortical-transventricular approaches were predominantly used. Memory and psychological assessment were carried out both pre- and postoperatively. A computerized tomography (CT) scan was performed during follow-up. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 68 years. Headache was the most common symptom. Papilledema and short-term memory disturbances were the most common signs. In 5 patients the colloid cyst was detected incidentally.Surgery for colloid cyst was performed in 93 patients. Transcallosal and transcortical-transventricular approaches were performed in 62 and 30 patients, respectively. In 1 patient the cyst was excised through the subfrontal lamina terminalis approach. Total excision was achieved in 90 patients, while partial cyst excision was done in three patients. Moderate to severe lateral ventricular enlargement was found in 76 patients at presentation. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was the only surgical procedure performed in 7 patients. In 16 patients colloid cyst excision was conducted after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion via a shunt. No surgical treatment of any kind was performed in 5 patients. Five patients died. Eighty-six patients came for follow-up, with a range from 1 month to 25 years (average 3 years and 8 months). Postoperatively, transient recent memory deficits occurred in 14 patients, while a permanent recent memory loss was noted in 2 patients. There was no incidence of postoperative disconnection syndrome or behavioral disturbance. A CT scan was performed in 44 patients during follow-up. Recurrence was detected in 1 patient in whom the cyst had been partially excised. CONCLUSIONS: Colloid cyst, although a benign tumor, is surgically challenging because of its deep midline location. Early detection and total excision of the colloid cyst carries an excellent prognosis.     

Anesthetic management for removal of pheochromocytoma in a patient after repair of tetralogy of Fallot

A 45-year-old woman after repair of tetralogy of Fallot at the age of 19, was admitted to the hospital for treatment of paroxysmal hypertension. She was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma of the left adrenal gland, and was scheduled for removal of pheochromocytoma. She received doxazosin for preoperative preparation. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with intermittent fentanyl and sevoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen. Before induction of anesthesia, magnesium sulfate 40 mg x kg(-1) was injected, and followed by continuous infusion of 40 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) until the removal of pheochromocytoma. Under neuromuscular monitoring, vecuronium was administered prudently. Cardiac output was continuously monitored with pulmonary arterial catheter and transesophageal aortic blood flow monitor. Blood pressure and heart rate were stable even though the tumor was handled, and no additional vasodilator therapy was needed. After surgery, prolonged neuromuscular blockade caused by magnesium sulfate was not observed. We consider that successful management was feasible by administration of magnesium sulfate and preoperative administration of alpha1 blocker, under adequate perioperative monitoring.     

PKCγ基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建

目的 构建蛋白激酶Cγ(PKCγ)基因RNA干扰(RNAi)慢病毒载体.方法 针对已经筛选确定的PKCT基因RNAi有效靶序列,合成靶序列的短发夹RNA(shRNA)寡核苷酸序列(Oligo)DNA,退火形成双链DNA,与经Age Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ酶切后的pGCSIL-GFP载体[含U_6启动子和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)]连接,转化DH5a大肠杆菌,挑选重组阳性克隆行PCR鉴定和DNA测序.用pGCSIL-GFP、pHelper 1.0和pHelper 2.0三质粒共转染293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒,逐孔稀释滴度法测定病毒滴度.结果 PCR鉴定结果显示,以经双酶切后未插入片断的pGCSIL-GFP空载体(PCR产物为306 bp)为对照,重组细菌克隆的PCR产物为343 bp(插入片段为37 bp),鉴定结果与预期相符.测序结果显示,合成的PKCT基因shRNA寡核苷酸链序列插入正确.包装慢病毒,浓缩慢病毒悬液的滴度为1×10~9 TU/ml.结论 成功构建了PKCT基因shRNA慢病毒载体.     

Effect of sequence,timing of vascular anastomosis,and clamp removal on survival of microsurgical flaps

The effects of the timing and order of clamp removal in microsurgical transplants were studied in rat groin skin flap and rat latissimus dorsi muscle flap models. Forty rats were divided into four groups. In Group 1, the arterial pedicle of the skin flap was anastomosed first, and the clamp was released after the anastomosis was completed. The venous pedicle was then repaired after inflow was restored. In Group 2, the venous pedicle of the skin flap was anastomosed first. The venous clamp was not released until completion of the arterial anastomosis. In Group 3, the arterial pedicle was anastomosed first in the muscle flap. The venous anastomosis was then performed after the arterial clamp was released. In Group 4, the venous pedicle was anastomosed first, and both clamps were released simultaneously. The blood perfusion of the skin flaps was examined after both clamps were released in Groups 1 and 2. The flap survival status was examined 5 days postoperatively for skin flaps and at 3 days for muscle flaps. Skin flaps in an additional six rats were harvested for histology. The results showed that the flap blood flow for Group 1 was statistically significantly higher than for Group 2 flaps in the first 20 min after reperfusion. There was no significant difference of flow between these two groups during the 30 to 90 min after reperfusion. The difference in survival rates for the four groups was not significant. Histology revealed extensive congestion in the flaps from Group 1 after completion anastomoses, but the congestion was significantly decreased at 3 hr following reperfusion. In conclusion, a brief venous stasis during anastomosis, after establishment of arterial inflow, is not detrimental to flap survival. The sequence of anastomosis will not affect outcome for either the cutaneous flap or the muscle flap models. Early flap perfusion was increased when the arterial anastomosis was performed first.     

A case of giant leiomyoma of the esophagus

A 34-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a tumor shadow in the posterior mediastinum. Leiomyoma of the esophagus was suggested by the findings of CT, esophagography, and esophagoscopy. He underwent thoracotomy. The operative procedure was enucleation of the tumor. The histological examination confirmed it to be a leiomyoma. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the passage of the esophagus was good. He was discharged 36 days after the operation.     

A case of leiomyosarcoma of the diaphragm.

A patient with a rare leiomyosarcoma of the diaphragm was encountered. A 74-year-old woman was admitted complaining of left shoulder pain and hypochondralgia. A mass was found on the left side of the diaphragm on imaging studies. Laparoscopic biopsy was performed and the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was established histopathologically. To improve her complaint, removal of the mass was attempted, which resulted in compromise resection.     

Recurrence of cerebral aneurysm after neck clipping--report of a case and review of literature

A case of recurrent cerebral aneurysm after complete neck clipping is reported. A 38-year-old man was admitted to our service 14 days after attack of subarachnoid hemorrhage. On admission, ruptured left middle cerebral artery aneurysm with intercerebral hematoma and non-ruptured right anterior cerebral artery aneurysm were revealed by radiological examinations. Neck clipping was successfully performed to both of aneurysm and aneurysm was completely disappeard in the postoperative angiographical study. Postoperative course was also uneventful and he was discharged with slight right hemiparesis and motor aphasia. Thirteen months after the neck clipping, however, he was readmitted to our hospital with attack of subarachnoid hemorrhage. After admission, a new aneurysm was noted just under the clip at the right anterior cerebral artery. Neck clipping against this aneurysm was performed by reopening the craniotomy. For his postoperative normal pressure hydrocephalus, ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed at one month after neck clipping. Postoperative course was uneventful and discharged. From review of literature, it was presumed that hemodynamic stress in the site of aneurysm and injury of arterial wall by the clip may be two major factors as a cause of recurrent aneurysm formation. In our case, possibility of the latter cause was suggested.     

Use of magnesium sulfate during resection of pheochromocytoma

A 75-year-old woman was scheduled to undergo resection of pheochromocytoma under general and epidural anesthesia. Continuous infusion of magnesium sulfate was initiated at the time of tracheal intubation and was terminated at the tumor resection. Intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate were stable, but blood pressure rose above 160 mmHg when the tumor was handled. Hypertension caused by the tumor manipulation was successfully treated with intravenous nicardipine. Following the tumor removal, reduced blood pressure was treated with dopamine and norepinephrine. After the operation, spontaneous respiration did not appear until 120 minutes following the last vecuronium injection. Although neuromuscular blockade was reversed with neostigmine and atropine, muscle tone was not restored and satisfactory spontaneous respiration was not obtained. One hour later the patient was extubated. Intraoperative use of magnesium sulfate provides adequate hemodynamic stability for resection of pheochromocytoma, but may cause prolonged neuromuscular blockade. Monitoring of neuromuscular function should be essential and reduction of ve curonium dose should be considered on using magnesium sulfate intraoperatively.     

应用局部皮瓣治疗仰趾畸形

目的:探讨烧、创伤后,足背瘢痕挛缩所致仰趾畸形的治疗。方法:术中将足背瘢痕切除,彻底松解挛缩,将弓弦状伸肌腱切除部分或切断,切除部分挛缩的跖趾关节背侧关节囊,使关节复位,克氏针外固定,在拇指内侧或小趾侧,以跖趾关节处为蒂设计逆行皮瓣,转移覆盖外露的跖趾关节,供区及瘢痕切除后创面行全厚或断层皮片修复。结果:本组7例,均采用逆行皮瓣修复,畸形完全纠正,无继发畸形。结论:应用拇指及小趾侧方逆行皮瓣转移,治疗仰趾畸形可达到满意效果。     

前臂缺血性肌挛缩早期手术治疗

目的探讨前臂缺血性肌挛缩早、晚期手术疗效,提出早期行肌肉神经松解减压术的重要性。方法回顾性随访、分析1988年1月~1997年12月收治的42例前臂缺血性肌挛缩早、晚期手术远期效果、观察手内在肌挛缩程度、手部感觉功能恢复与手术距受伤时间之间的关系。结果获随访26例,随访时间半年~10年。早期(6个月内)手术19例,优良率84.2%。晚期(6个月以上)手术7例,优良率28.6%。结论肌肉神经松解减压术宜早期施行。手术时间在损伤后3个月内最佳。晚期手术效果差的主要原因是神经长时间卡压致手内在肌挛缩、感觉丧失。     

甲泼尼龙预干预脊髓缺血再灌注损伤对Caspase-3表达的影响

目的 探讨甲泼尼龙(MP)预处理脊髓缺血再灌注损伤(SCII)对Caspase-3的影响.方法 取健康纯种成年雄性SD大鼠120只,随机分成3组:对照组(A组)只暴露腹主动脉,不做模型;SCII组(B组)夹闭腹主动脉30 min后松开,再灌注3 h建立SCII模型,然后处死大鼠,取腰段脊髓标本;MP组(C组)于建立SCII模型前30 min尾部静脉注射MP(30 mg/kg).通过HE染色观察损伤节段脊髓病理形态学变化,用免疫组织化学染色方法观察脊髓组织Casepase-3的表达.结果 A组神经元细胞轮廓清晰、极性存在、核圆、核仁清楚,尼氏体呈网状均匀排列于细胞核周围,胞浆均匀深染,组织结构完整清楚,无中性粒细胞浸润,无出血、水肿等异常现象;B组神经元细胞肿胀,数目减少,极性变钝,核仁轻度萎缩,尼氏体呈颗粒状、淡染,组织中有中性粒细胞浸润;C组部分神经元细胞轻度水肿,核仁尚清,组织中未见中性粒细胞浸润.B组脊髓组织内Caspase-3大量表达,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组脊髓细胞内Caspase-3轻度增加,与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 MP预处理可降低大鼠SCII中Caspase-3的表达,预防性应用MP能减轻SCII,保护脊髓神经功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of methylprednisolone (MP) pretreatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord (SCII) on expression of caspase-3 in rats. Methods One hundred and twenty healthy, purebred, adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (n = 40).Croup A was a normal one in which only the abdominal aorta was exposed without establishing an injury model. Croup B was an SCII model in which the abdominal aorta was first obstructed for 30 minutes and then relaxed and next reperfused. After reperfusion for 3 hours, the rats were killed to harvest samples of lumbar spinal cord. Group C was an MP pretreatment one in which tail intravenous injection of MP (30mg/kg) was conducted 30 minutes before establishment of an SCII model. Pathological changes of the injured spinal cord were observed by HE staining, and expressions of caspase-3 in the spinal cord tissue were observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results In group A, the outlines of neuronal cells were clear with polarity and a round nucleus. Ramified Nissl bodies were evenly arranged around the nucleus. Cytoplasm was stained uniformly dark. Organizational structure was integrated and clear without neutrophile granulocyte infiltration,hemorrhage or edema. In group B, neuronal cells were swelling and decreased in quantity, with blunt polarity and mild atrophy of nucleolus. Cranuloses of Nissl bodies were observed with pale staining. There was neutrophile granulocyte infiltration. In group C, mild edema was observed in part of neuronal cells, nucleoli were still clear and there was no neutrophile granulocyte infiltration. Caspase-3 was highly expressed in the spinal cord tissue in group B, with significant differences compared with group A ( P < 0. 05). Expression of caspase-3 in the spinal cord was slightly increased in group C, but the difference was significant compared with group B (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion Since MP pretreatment can reduce expression of caspase-3 in SCII rats, preventive use of MP may alleviate SCII and help protect neural function of the spinal cord.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤:附15例报告

目的总结胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPTP)的诊治经验。方法回顾2003年3月—2006年3月收治的15例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的临床资料。结果15例均为女性,平均年龄29.4岁。主要临床表现为腹部肿块、腹痛或腹部不适,15例均无胰腺炎和腹部外伤史,也无长期饮酒、吸烟史。6例患者术前检查血清CEA,CA50,CA199,CA125等肿瘤标记物均无阳性发现。B超和CT检查均提示胰腺囊实性占位或腹膜后囊实性肿瘤,术前空腹血糖均在正常范围内。手术证实肿瘤位于胰头者8例,胰腺体尾部6例,胰颈部1例。肿瘤直径2.5～10cm,无腹腔或肝脏转移。6例行局部切除,5例行胰体尾部切除(其中2例合并脾切除),3例行胰十二指肠切除,1例肿瘤位于胰颈部行胰腺节段切除。15例肿瘤标本在显微镜下均具有SPTP的典型病理学表现。随访16～52个月,均未发现肿瘤复发转移。结论胰腺实性假乳头状瘤多发生于年轻女性,可位于胰腺任何部位,手术切除是首选治疗方法,预后良好。