Durchgangssyndrome nach gefäßchirurgischen Operationen

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative delirium is a common psychic disturbance occurring acutely after various surgical procedures and typically presenting with a fluctuating course. These patients' recovery takes longer. In this study we analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery and try to identify risk factors for its development. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective arterial operations were included. Their medical history, the specific vascular diagnosis and operation performed, the medication and laboratory data were monitored. Additionally the patients were preoperatively interviewed by a psychiatrist. Intraoperatively the drugs, infusions, possible transfusions, blood gases and pressures were monitored, as were the times of surgery and anesthesia. Postoperatively patients were seen daily by the psychiatrist and the surgeon for at least 7 days. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria, and mild, moderate and severe delirium were distinguished. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients entered the study. Twenty-one (38.9%) developed postoperative delirium (11 mild, 2 moderate, 8 severe). Patients with aortic operations developed delirium more frequently than those with non-aortic procedures(55.5 vs 22.2%, n = 27 each). Some preexisting diseases (hearing disturbance) increased the probability of postoperative delirium, while age was not identified as a risk factor. General psychopathological and depressive disturbances increased the likelihood of postoperative delirium. Patients who had a severe intraoperative course developed postoperative delirium more frequently. This was not seen in the absolute time of surgery or anesthesia nor in the intraoperative development of blood pressure or intraarterial gases, which did not differ between patients with and without postoperative delirium. More reliable parameters were an increased intraoperative need for crystalloid volume, intra- or postoperatively decreased hemoglobin values (Hb < 10 g/dl) and the development of acidosis that had to be treated. Patients with delirium had serious complications more often (8/21 = 38.1% vs 6/33 = 18.2%) and needed Intensive Care treatment longer (2.7 vs 2.1 days, only aortic surgery 3.2 vs 2.4 days). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is frequent. Patients undergoing aortic surgery, with specific concomitant medical disease, psychopathological disturbances and a severe intraoperative course, are at risk of developing postoperative delirium.     

Durchgangssyndrome nach gefäßchirurgischen Operationen Zwischenergebnisse einer prospektiven Untersuchung

Introduction: Postoperative delirium is a common psychic disturbance occurring acutely after various surgical procedures and typically presenting with a fluctuating course. These patients' recovery takes longer. In this study we analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery and try to identify risk factors for its development. Methods: Patients undergoing elective arterial operations were included. Their medical history, the specific vascular diagnosis and operation performed, the medication and laboratory data were monitored. Additionally the patients were preoperatively interviewed by a psychiatrist. Intraoperatively the drugs, infusions, possible transfusions, blood gases and pressures were monitored, as were the times of surgery and anesthesia. Postoperatively patients were seen daily by the psychiatrist and the surgeon for at least 7 days. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria, and mild, moderate and severe delirium were distinguished. Results: Fifty-four patients entered the study. Twenty-one (38.9%) developed postoperative delirium (11 mild, 2 moderate, 8 severe). Patients with aortic operations developed delirium more frequently than those with non-aortic procedures(55.5 vs 22.2%, n=27 each). Some preexisting diseases (hearing disturbance) increased the probability of postoperative delirium, while age was not identified as a risk factor. General psychopathological and depressive disturbances increased the likelihood of postoperative delirium. Patients who had a severe intraoperative course developed postoperative delirium more frequently. This was not seen in the absolute time of surgery or anesthesia nor in the intraoperative development of blood pressure or intraarterial gases, which did not differ between patients with and without postoperative delirium. More reliable parameters were an increased intraoperative need for crystalloid volume, intra – or postoperatively decreased hemoglobin values (Hb <10 g/dl) and the development of acidosis that had to be treated. Patients with delirium had serious complications more often (8/21=38.1% vs 6/33=18.2%) and needed Intensive Care treatment longer (2.7 vs 2.1 days, only aortic surgery 3.2 vs 2.4 days). Conclusions: Postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is frequent. Patients undergoing aortic surgery, with specific concomittant medical disease, psychopathological disturbances and a severe intraoperative course, are at risk of developing postoperative delirium.     

Pathogenesis of and management strategies for postoperative delirium after hip fracture: a review

BACKGROUND: Postoperative delirium is a frequent and serious complication in elderly patients following operation for hip fracture, leading to an increased risk of complications. The pathophysiological mechanisms are unresolved, but probably multifactorial. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge about the pathogenesis of postoperative delirium with a view to finding strategies for prevention and management. METHOD: We conducted an Internet search through the Medline database (1966-March 2003) and supplemented it with a manual search. We included 12 studies which specifically discussed pathogenic factors or interventions against postoperative delirium following operation for hip fracture. RESULTS: 1,823 patients were included with an average incidence of delirium of 35%. We concentrated on pre-, intra-, and postoperative risk factors. Only advanced age and dementia met our fixed criterion of "strong evidence" for a significant association. Hence, from the studies that we reviewed we were unable to find intraoperative or postoperative factors with "strong evidence" for a significant association with delirium. INTERPRETATION: Postoperative delirium is a serious complication. The pathophysiology leading to delirium after hip fracture surgery still remains to be clarified and no single drug or surgical regimen has proven to be preventive. This calls for more detailed investigations of the differential role of different pathogenic mechanisms, as well as an aggressive multimodal approach to enhance recovery and reduce morbidity, as has proven to be successful in a variety of elective surgical procedures. Such multimodal interventional studies represent a major task for orthopedic departments in collaboration with anesthesiologists, geriatricians, physiotherapists and nursing staff.     

Predictors of delirium after cardiac surgery delirium: effect of beating-heart (off-pump) surgery

BACKGROUND: Despite improved outcomes after cardiac operations, postoperative delirium remains a common complication that is associated with increased morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate predictors of postoperative delirium were determined from prospectively gathered data on 16,184 patients undergoing cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (conventional, n = 14,342) and without cardiopulmonary bypass (beating-heart surgery, n = 1847) between April 1996 and August 2001. Delirium was defined as a transient mental syndrome of acute onset characterized by global impairment of cognitive functions, a reduced level of consciousness, attentional abnormalities, increased or decreased psychomotor activity, and a disordered sleep-wake cycle. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of postoperative delirium was 8.4%. Of 49 selected patient-related risk factors and treatment variables, 35 were highly associated with postoperative delirium by univariate analysis. Stepwise logistic regression revealed the following variables as independent predictors of delirium: history of cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular ejection fraction of 30% or less, preoperative cardiogenic shock, urgent operation, intraoperative hemofiltration, operation time of 3 hours or more, and a high perioperative transfusion requirement. Two variables were identified as having a significant protective effect against postoperative delirium: beating-heart surgery and younger patient age. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative delirium is a common complication in cardiac operations. The increased use of beating-heart surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass may lead to a lower prevalence of this complication and thus improve patient outcomes.     

非心脏手术患者术后谵妄的危险因素

目的 筛选非心脏手术患者发生术后谵妄的危险因素.方法 择期围术期有可疑危险因素的非心脏手术患者480例,年龄18～92岁,根据术后3 d内是否发生谵妄分为术后谵妄组和非术后谵妄组.可疑危险因素进行组间比较后,将差异有统计学意义的因素进行logistic回归分析,筛选发生术后谵妄的危险因素.结果 79例术后发生谵妄,发生率为16.5%.logistic回归分析结果显示,老龄、全身麻醉、手术时间≥3 h、术后Price-Henry疼痛评分为4分、合并肺气肿、饮酒≥3次/周是发生术后谵妄的独立危险因素(P＜0.05),相对危险度依次为1.924、0.188、2.251、1.752、18.954、1.779.结论 老龄、全身麻醉、长时间手术、术后剧烈疼痛、合并肺气肿、长期饮酒是非心脏手术患者发生术后谵妄的危险因素.     

Pathogenesis of and management strategies for postoperative delirium after hip fractureA review

Background?Postoperative delirium is a frequent and serious complication in elderly patients following operation for hip fracture, leading to an increased risk of complications. The pathophysiological mechanisms are unresolved, but probably multifactorial. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge about the pathogenesis of postoperative delirium with a view to finding strategies for prevention and management. Method?We conducted an Internet search through the Medline database (1966–March 2003) and supplemented it with a manual search. We included 12 studies which specifically discussed pathogenic factors or interventions against postoperative delirium following operation for hip fracture. Results?1 823 patients were included with an average incidence of delirium of 35%. We concentrated on pre-, intra-, and postoperative risk factors. Only advanced age and dementia met our fixed criterion of “strong evidence” for a significant association. Hence, from the studies that we reviewed we were unable to find intraoperative or postoperative factors with “strong evidence“ for a significant association with delirium. Interpretation?Postoperative delirium is a serious complication. The pathophysiology leading to delirium after hip fracture surgery still remains to be clarified and no single drug or surgical regimen has proven to be preventive. This calls for more detailed investigations of the differential role of different pathogenic mechanisms, as well as an aggressive multimodal approach to enhance recovery and reduce morbidity, as has proven to be successful in a variety of elective surgical procedures. Such multimodal interventional studies represent a major task for orthopedic departments in collaboration with anesthesiologists, geriatricians, physiotherapists and nursing staff.     

全凭静脉麻醉下脊柱手术患者术后谵妄的危险因素

目的 筛选全凭静脉麻醉下脊柱手术患者发生术后谵妄的危险因素.方法 择期行脊柱手术患者200例,年龄18～70岁,根据术后3 d内是否发生谵妄分为术后谵妄组和非术后谵妄组.可疑危险因素进行组间比较后,将差异有统计学意义的因素进行logistic回归分析,筛选发生术后谵妄的危险因素.结果 39例患者术后发生谵妄,发生率为19.5%.logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、术中失血量、经常饮酒是发生术后谵妄的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).相对危险度依次为1.882、0.999、1.715.结论 老龄、术中大量失血、长期饮酒是全凭静脉麻醉下脊柱手术患者发生术后谵妄的危险因素.     

全麻下血管化游离皮瓣修复术后患者谵妄的危险因素

目的 筛选全麻下血管化游离皮瓣修复术后患者谵妄的危险因素.方法 择期行血管化游离皮瓣修复手术的患者216例,年龄18～80岁,根据术后5d内是否发生谵妄分为术后谵妄组和非术后谵妄组.可能的危险因素进行组间比较后,将差异有统计学意义的因素进行logistic回归分析,筛选发生术后谵妄的危险因素.结果 logistic回归分析结果显示,酗酒、术后睡眠紊乱和高龄是术后谵妄的独立危险因素(P<0.05),相对危险度依次为17.066,5.647和1.047.结论 高龄、酗酒史和术后睡眠紊乱是全麻下血管化游离皮瓣修复术后患者谵妄的危险因素.     

Can we identify risk factors for postoperative delirium in cardiac coronary patients? Our experience

Introduction: Delirium is a temporary mental disorder that frequently occurs among elderly hospitalized patients. Patients who undergo cardiac operations have an increased risk of postoperative delirium, which is associated with higher mortality and morbidity rates, a prolonged hospital stay, and reduced cognitive and functional recovery.Patients and Methods: In our prospective study, we included 370 consecutive adult patients who underwent on-pump coronary artery surgery between January 1, 2011, and July 1, 2011. We selected 21 potential risk factors and divided them into preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative groups. Delirium was diagnosed with the Confusion Assessment Method.Results: Postoperative delirium was diagnosed in 74 patients (20%). Four predictive factors were associated with postoperative delirium: diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and prolonged intubation (P < .05).Conclusion: Three of the four predictive factors significantly associated with delirium are preoperative. They are relatively easy to measure and can be used to identify patients at higher risk. Fast extubation of these patients and preventive interventions can be taken to prevent negative consequences of this postoperative complication.     

Contrast media-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing angiography prior to or during vascular surgery: a systematic review

Nephropathy induced after administration of contrast medium is an acute and severe complication that is of particular concern in vascular surgery. While patients undergoing coronary procedures have been extensively studied, there is a paucity of data on pre- and intraoperative prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in vascular surgery patients. There is lack of a robust analysis exploring the additive effect of pre- or intraoperative administration of drugs such as N-acetylcysteine, dopamine and sodium bicarbonate in addition to adequate hydration in patients undergoing angiography prior to or after completion of vascular surgery. A systematic review of contrast-induced nephropathy after angiography in patients undergoing vascular surgery was carried out. Eligible trials were sought by multiple methods, and the pooled odds ratios for contrast-induced nephropathy were computed under a random effects model. Twenty-one publications were identified for screening and 6 studies were included for systematic review. All 6 studies investigated preoperative angiography-related contrast-induced nephropathy; one study also investigated completion angiography. The overall frequency of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing vascular surgery was 9.2% (79/862). Risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy identified were age >70 years, high contrast volume, pre-existing renal disease and antihypertensive medication. Two studies found that administration of N-acetylcysteine prior to angiography does not provide added benefit in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy. Advanced age and pre-existing renal and vascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension expose vascular surgery patients to increased risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Those undergoing completion angiography appear to be at even higher risk, particularly if severely azotemic. Further randomized clinical trials analyzing strategies for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy are needed.     

创伤性休克病人术后谵妄的临床相关因素分析

目的:探讨创伤性休克病人术后谵妄的临床相关影响因素。方法 :选择急诊手术的创伤性休克病人50例,男31例,女19例,年龄19～68岁。术前、术后12 h及术后第1、2、3天随访病人,用意识模糊谵妄评定法进行谵妄评估。记录病人血乳酸、血糖、颈内静脉血氧饱和度、血肌酐、血尿素氮和血半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C浓度值,检测术中失血量及术后谵妄的发生情况,建立数据库。根据是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和对照组。结果:发生术后谵妄23例,发生率为46%。多因素logistic逐步回归分析发现病人年龄大、高乳酸血症、高血糖、颈内静脉血氧饱和度降低、急性肾功能损伤及术中失血量大均是谵妄的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:年龄大、高乳酸血症、高血糖、颈内静脉血氧饱和度降低、急性肾功能损伤及术中大量失血为创伤性休克病人术后谵妄的危险因素。     

Postoperative delirium in spine surgery.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Postoperative delirium is a great concern in the treatment of hip fracture. However, there have been no reports regarding the postoperative delirium in spine surgery. PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium in the patients who have had spine surgery. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: The incidence and intraoperative risk factors of postoperative delirium were retrospectively examined in patients who had spine surgery during a 3-year period. PATIENT SAMPLE: Three hundred forty-one patients who underwent spine surgery from 2000 to 2002 were included. METHODS: The presence of delirium was determened by the Confusion Assessment Method. Laboratory data were checked preoperatively, at 1 day and 1 week postoperatively. The prognosis of postoperative delirium was evaluated. RESULTS: Postoperative delirium was found in 13 patients; all of them were in their 70's or 80's. The incidence of delirium was 12.5% in the patients over 70 years old. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels at 1 day after surgery in the delirium group were significantly lower than those in the control group. One patient had persistent cognitive dysfunction after surgery. Two patients who developed postoperative delirium died during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Low concentrations of hemoglobin and hematocrit 1 day after surgery were risk factors for postoperative delirium. As delirium is thought to represent not only brain dysfunction, but also impaired general physical condition, careful observation is necessary for the management of patients with postoperative delirium.     

Delirium in vascular surgery.

Delirium is common in many surgical settings. Patients undergoing elective vascular surgery may be at particular risk of developing delirium, and may have modifiable aetiological factors that can be addressed by pre-operative interventions. We decided to review the literature regarding the incidence and aetiology of delirium in elective vascular surgical patients. METHODS: We searched medical databases, journals and bibliographies to identify relevant studies. We used predetermined quality criteria for appraisal of the quality of incidence and aetiological studies. RESULTS: Four studies were identified as relevant to the review. The incidence of delirium ranged from 29.1% to 39.2%. The significant aetiological factors identified were age, pre-operative cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, inter-operative blood transfusion and previous amputation. CONCLUSIONS: Delirium is common in people undergoing elective vascular surgery. Further research is required to examine the effect on outcome of delirium, and the effect of psychiatric and geriatric medicine interventions in this setting.     

Perceptual and cognitive deficit following coronary artery bypass surgery

Fifty-seven patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were investigated pre- and postoperatively for changes in cognitive and perceptual functioning (delirium). Physical data were collected and personality and psychiatric assessments made using standard inventories. Manifestations of delirium were maximal by day 4 and had largely resolved by day 10. Cognitive deficit was significantly associated with a high score on ‘neuroticism’ and perceptual aberration, with increasing age and high scores on ‘dominant personality’ and ‘extraversion’. It is argued that postoperative delirium is multidetermined, being an interaction of physical, operative and psychological factors.     

心脏手术后谵妄的危险因素分析及预测模型构建

目的 探讨心脏手术患者术后谵妄(POD)的危险因素,根据危险因素构建预测模型并评估其预测效能。
方法 本研究为回顾性病例-对照研究。收集2016年5月至2019年5月行心脏手术治疗的患者3 397例临床资料,提取性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、高脂血症病史、脑血管疾病史、手术时间、心肺转流（CPB）时间、主动脉阻断时间、术中连续有创动脉血压值、术中出血量、术中麻醉药物使用情况、入ICU时Hb、白细胞计数、氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）、血乳酸值、呼吸机使用时间、血管活性药物使用情况、术后左心室射血指数（LVEF）等临床指标,采用单因素分析评估上述指标与POD的相关性。采用逐步Logistic回归进行临床指标筛选并构建预测模型,绘制模型列线图,计算预测模型的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）以及最佳阈值下的敏感性和特异性。
结果 有186例（5.48%）患者术后出现谵妄。与非谵妄患者比较,谵妄患者年龄、脑血管疾病和高血压病史比例、术中低血压比例、术中血压变异率、术中丙泊酚用量、术中出血量、术后乳酸值、术后白细胞显著增高的比例、术后左心室收缩功能不全（LVEF<50%）的比例以及术后应用肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素比例明显增加（P<0.05）,手术时间和CPB时间、术中低血压时间以及术后机械通气时间明显延长（P<0.05）,术后氧合指数和Hb明显降低（P<0.05）。逐步Logistic回归分析显示,老年、脑血管疾病史、手术时间长、术中血压变异率大、术后Hb<100 g/L、机械通气时间延长以及左心室收缩功能不全、应用去甲肾上腺素是心脏手术后谵妄的独立危险因素。应用这些危险因素构建预测模型,AUC为0.932（95%CI 0.897～0.967）,敏感性78.2%,特异性93.5%。
结论 老年、脑血管疾病史、手术时间、术中血压变异率、术后Hb<100 g/L、机械通气时间延长以及左心室收缩功能不全、应用去甲肾上腺素是心脏手术后谵妄的独立危险因素,基于这些危险因素构建的模型可较好地预测心脏手术后谵妄的发生,为早期干预治疗提供参考。     

老年患者口腔肿瘤皮瓣修复术后谵妄的相关危险因素分析

目的 通过回顾性分析,探讨老年患者口腔肿瘤皮瓣修复术后谵妄的相关危险因素.方法 通过检索电子病例系统,搜集2019年8月至2020年10月行口腔肿瘤皮瓣修复手术的老年患者360例,采集患者相关资料并评估术后谵妄的发生情况,排除未完成电话随访的病例后,最终有350例患者纳入本次研究,包括术后谵妄患者105例(D组),未发...     

老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄危险因素分析的回顾性研究

目的:探讨老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄的发生率及相关危险因素。方法:采用回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年11月收治的老年脊柱手术病例436例,根据术后是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和非谵妄组。记录患者的性别、年龄、身体质量指数,糖尿病史,冠心病史,慢性阻塞性肺疾病史,术前白细胞计数,术前红细胞比容,术前血红蛋白水平,手术方式,手术时间,麻醉时间,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)评分,心功能分级,术中失血量,术中输血量,术中芬太尼、异丙酚和地佐辛的用量,术后白细胞计数,术后红细胞比容,术后血红蛋白水平,术后电解质(钠离子、钾离子),采用单因素Logistic回归分析有统计学意义的危险因素后进行多元Logistic回归分析进一步探讨独立危险因素。结果:纳入436例中112例老年患者术后出现谵妄,发生率25.68%。谵妄组与非谵妄组在年龄、术前白细胞计数、术前红细胞比容、术后红细胞比容、术后血红蛋白水平、术后钠离子浓度、麻醉时间、ASA评分、心功能评分、术中失血量、术后地佐辛使用量、糖尿病史、冠心病史、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05),通过多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、ASA评分、术后地佐辛量、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史是老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。结论:患者高龄72岁、ASA评分2分、地佐辛镇痛药物的使用以及患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病史是术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。     

ICU髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的回顾性分析

目的：研究重症监护病房（ICU）髋部骨折患者术詹谵妄的发生率、临床特点及相关危险因素。方法：279例髋部骨折手术患者,67例术后转入ICU。用ICU意识紊乱评估方法（CAM-ICU）进行监测,有7项因素被选作谵妄的危险因素予以分析：骨折前痴呆史．合并血管危险因素．贫血．低蛋白血症、脱水、电解质紊乱、低氧血症。结果：19例（28．4％）患者在手术后7d内发生谵妻。单因素分析具有统计学意义的变量有既往痴呆史（OR=3．16,95％Cl 1.24～8,15）、术后脱水（OR=3．64,95％cl 1．02～7．44）．合并三个及以上的血管危险因素（OR=3．76,95％cl 1．38～10;53）;多因素回归分析显示具有统计学意义的相关因素有既往痴呆病史（RR=3．06。P=0．014）,合并三个及以上的血管危险因素（RR=3．74,P=O．021）。结论：ICU髓部骨折患者手术后谵妄发生率较高,采用CAM-ICU牟亩助诊断和观察．能提高诊断率．骨折前痴呆史、合并三个及以上的血管危险因素是发生手术后谵妄的危险因素。     

术中唤醒试验对舒芬太尼镇痛下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术后谵妄的影响

目的 评价术中唤醒试验对舒芬太尼镇痛下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术后谵妄的影响.方法 拟行脊柱侧弯矫形术患者60例,年龄12～60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用分层随机法,将患者随机分为2组(n=30):术中不行唤醒试验组(C组)和术中唤醒试验组(W组).麻醉诱导:靶控输注舒芬太尼,Ce 0.5 ng/ml,静脉注射异丙酚1～2 mg/kg、顺苯磺阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg,气管插管后行机械通气.麻醉维持:靶控吸入七氟醚,呼气末靶浓度0.8%～1.5%,靶控输注舒芬太尼,Ce 0.2～0.3ng/ml,静脉输注顺苯磺阿曲库铵0.1 mg·kg-1·h-1.术中两侧内固定棒安装后,W组行唤醒试验.术后采用舒芬太尼镇痛.术后3 d内维持患者夜间睡眠8 h以上.记录术中知晓和术后谵妄发生情况.结果 两组术中知晓和术后谵妄发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对舒芬太尼镇痛下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者,术中唤醒试验并非术后谵妄发生的危险因素,可能与舒芬太尼镇痛有效地抑制围术期疼痛及术中知晓有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of the intraoperative wake-up test on the postoperative delirium in patients undergoing scoliosis operation under analgesia with sufentanil. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients , aged 12-60 yr, scheduled for scoliosis surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 30 each) : control group (group C) and intraoperative wake-up test group (group W) . The intraoperative wake-up test was not performed during operation in group C. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of sufentanil with the target effect-site concentration set at 0.5 ng/ml and iv injection of propofol 1-2 nig/kg. As soon as the patients lost consciousness, tracheal intubation was facilitated with 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium besylate. The patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with target-controlled inhalation of sevoflurane (target end-tidal concentration 0. 8%-1. 5%), target-controlled infusion of sufentanil (target effect-site concentration 0.2-0.3 ng/ml) and iv infusion of cisatracurium besylate 0.1 mg- kg-1·h-1 . In group W, the patients underwent the intraoperative wake-up test. Postoperative analgesia was provided with sufentanil. The occurrence of intraoperative awareness and postoperative delirium was recorded. Results No significant difference was found in the incidences of intraoperative awareness and postoperative delirium between the two groups. Conclusion The intraoperative wake-up test is not the risk factor for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery under analgesia with sufentanil, and inhibition of perioperative pain and intraoperative awareness by analgesia with sufentanil may be involved in the mechanism.     

Postoperative delirium in elderly patients after major abdominal surgery

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery and to identify factors associated with delirium in this population. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from 51 patients aged 65 years or more. Delirium was diagnosed by the Confusion Assessment Method and from the medical records. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to identify cognitive impairment. RESULTS: POD occurred in 26 of 51 patients. Delirium lasted for 1-2 days in 14 patients (short POD group) and 3 days or more in 12 patients (long POD group). The latter patients had significantly greater intraoperative blood loss and intravenous fluid infusion, a higher rate of postoperative complications, a lower MMSE score on postoperative day 4 and a longer hospital stay than patients without POD. Patients in the short POD group were significantly older than those in the long POD group and those who did not develop delirium. CONCLUSION: Approximately half of the elderly patients in this study developed POD. Bleeding was found to be an important risk factor for delirium.