脑梗死大鼠脑内移植超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒标记神经干细胞后的MR示踪研究

目的探讨超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒（SP10）标记的胎鼠神经干细胞（NSCs）在脑梗死模型大鼠脑内移植后，MR示踪观察的可行性。方法大鼠脑梗死模型24只，按随机数字表法分为3组：第1组大鼠同侧尾状核移植SP10和5-溴脱氧尿核苷（BrdU）双标记的NSCs；第2组对侧尾状核移植双标记的NSCs；第3组对侧尾状核移植未标记的NSCs。移植后1、3、5、7周后进行MR示踪观察，选择T2WI和梯度回波（GRE）序列，成像后相应时间点每组处死2只大鼠，取脑组织冰冻切片后进行普鲁士蓝染色及BrdU染色。结果移植后1周MRI显示：移植标记细胞组在注射点处可见类圆形低信号影，未标记细胞组注射点未见异常信号影；3周后，第1组梗死皮层下可见线状低信号影；移植5周后，第2组沿胼胝体走行可见扇形低信号影，尖端指向病灶。GRE序列显示标记细胞较清晰，而T2WI显示梗死病灶和大鼠脑正常结构较清晰。相应时间点相应部位普鲁士蓝染色及BrdU染色可见阳性细胞，与MRI结果相符。结论超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒和BrdU双标记的神经干细胞移植至大鼠脑内后可迁移到病灶区；MR成像能够在活体内连续示踪观察神经干细胞的迁移及分布情况。     

体外标记脂肪源性干细胞移植治疗缺血性脑损伤的MRI示踪成像研究

目的 采用多聚左旋赖氨酸(PLL)与超顺磁氧化铁纳米微粒(SPIO)的复合物对脂肪源性干细胞(AD-SCs)体外进行标记,观察ADSCs脑内移植治疗大鼠缺血性脑损伤后的增殖和迁移情况.材科与方法显微镜下直接结扎大脑中动脉方法制备大鼠缺血性脑损伤模型36只,随机分成缺血对照组(12只)、磁性标记ADSCs移植组(12只)和未磁性标记ADSCs移植组(12只),采用立体定向方法脑内移植.对移植后大鼠的神经系统行为和运动功能进行评估,免疫组织化学染色观察ADSCs的存活及分化情况,并用MRI在体观察ADSCs的存活和分布.结果 免疫组织化学检查显示脑内移植后部分标记细胞表达神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和血管内皮细胞标记物CD31,移植后3周神经系统行为学评分显示移植组动物明显改善,ADSCs脑内移植后3周MR T2WI、GRET2*WI订显示移植区低信号改变并通过胼胝体向病灶迁移.结论 移植ADSCs可以有效地促进缺血性大鼠神经行为功能的恢复,SPIO和PLL复合物标记方法能够评价细胞移植后的细胞迁移.     

心脏磁共振在体示踪移植细胞的可行性研究

目的：寻找一种能够对移植细胞进行在体示踪的标记方法,为移植细胞存留、迁移提供重要观察手段。方法：从中华小型猪髂骨处抽取骨髓,体外培养扩增骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）。将SPIO和MSCs共同孵育培养36h。普鲁士蓝染色评价细胞的标记效率;通过MTT比色实验评价SPIO对细胞生长能力的影响;台盼蓝染色检验标记后细胞的活性;使用Costar Transwell方法评价铁离子对细胞迁移能力的影响;用细胞分化诱导液培养标记后的细胞评价其向成脂肪细胞和成骨细胞的分化能力。在体内实验中将SPIO标记或未标记的自体MSCs注射到心肌内,通过心脏磁共振检查对移植细胞进行在体示踪观察,取材动物心脏行病理检查观察移植细胞的存活、存留。结果：MSCs经铁离子标记后普鲁士蓝染色阳性率在98%以上,可见蓝色颗粒位于细胞浆内,标记细胞电镜切片可见高密度铁颗粒位于细胞浆内。随着培养液中SPIO浓度的增加细胞增殖能力没有明显改变;标记后98%的细胞保持活性;SPIO标记后的细胞保持原有的形态,可继续培养、传代;SDF-1和VEGF诱导的迁移实验发现标记细胞迁移能力没有降低;铁离子标记后细胞仍可向成脂肪细胞和成骨细胞分化。注射到心肌内的SPIO标记的MSCs可通过心脏磁共振检查进行在体示踪,动态观察显示SPIO标记细胞在磁共振图像上表现为低信号,并且在移植后4周仍可成像。病理学检查可以看到移植细胞呈普鲁士蓝染色阳性,并和影像学有很好的一致性。结论：临床使用的SPIO磁共振对比剂可以安全、有效地标记MSCs,心脏磁共振检查可以实现SPIO标记的移植细胞的在体示踪。     

超顺磁性氧化铁标记鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的体外MR成像研究

目的: 探讨不同浓度超顺磁性氧化铁(SPIO)颗粒标记鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的标记率和对细胞活力的影响,以及MR成像显示磁标记干细胞的可行性.材料和方法: 将不同浓度的SPIO-PLL复合物与培养基混合,行普鲁士蓝染色观察细胞内铁和检测细胞活力.应用1.5T MR仪,以T1WI和T2WI行磁标记干细胞成像.结果: SPIO可有效标记MSCs,标记后的铁颗粒位于细胞质内.SPIO标记的MSCs可引起T2WI信号降低,50、100、150较25μg Fe /ml的信号强度降低明显.结论: SPIO可以简便标记MSCs,并在适当浓度下对细胞活力没有影响,此技术为干细胞移植的MR活体内示踪奠定基础.     

SHU555A标记大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的磁敏感加权成像

目的 探讨超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒体外标记大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow stem cells,BMSC)后磁敏感加权成像序列显示移植细胞的可行性.方法 使用不同终浓度(7 μg/ml、14 μg/ml、28 μg/ml和56 μg/ml)的SHU555A标记大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,标记后进行普鲁士蓝染色、细胞内铁颗粒的透射电镜观察及体外磁敏感加权序列成像,并将标记后的BMSC移植入正常大鼠脑内,移植后第1、3周和7周进行3.0T MRI磁敏感加权序列成像.结果 细胞普鲁士蓝染色及透射电镜显示铁颗粒散在分布于细胞胞质内.标记细胞的Ependoff管在SWI序列图像上呈明显低信号,且随SHU555A标记浓度的增高,标记细胞的Ependoff管信号强度在SWI序列幅值图及磁敏感加权图像上依次降低.标记后的BMSC移植入正常大鼠脑内1周后,SWI序列图像可见正常脑组织背景上团块状类圆形局限性极低信号影;移植7周后局部仍可显示低信号.结论 MRI磁敏感加权序列图像不仅可在体外明确显示SHU555A标记所致的低信号,且标记细胞移植入正常大鼠脑内最长达7周后仍可在磁敏感加权序列图像上显示.     

体外磁标记骨髓基质细胞移植治疗大鼠创伤性脑损伤的在体磁敏感加权成像研究

目的 采用磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)序列在体监测超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒(su perparamagnetic iron oxide,SPIO)标记大鼠骨髓基质细胞(bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs)在创伤性脑损伤(trau matic brain injury,TBI)模型大鼠腩内的分布及移行.材料与方法首先进行BMSCs体外培养,然后采用SPIO体外标记BMSCs;TBI采用Feeney法制作,TBI 24 h后于损伤区周围立体定向移植BMSCs,并于移植后1天、1周及3周行MR检查.结果 标记BMSCs普鲁士蓝染色显示胞质内存在较多蓝染颗粒,电镜下胞浆内可见散在分布的铁颗粒.细胞移植后MRI可见移植部位在SWI各图像上均呈团块状低信号.结论 SWI序列能够连续无创性活体示踪移植SPIO标记BMSCs在TBI模型大鼠脑内的形态和分布.     

神经干细胞超顺磁性氧化铁标记及体内外MRI示踪

目的使用超顺磁性氧化铁(SPIO)纳米粒子对神经干细胞进行体外标记,并在体外及活体移植后对标记细胞进行MRI示踪。方法实验动物包括13只SD大鼠。联合应用SPIO及多聚左旋赖氨酸(PLL)通过受体介导的内吞作用标记神经干细胞,对标记细胞分别进行普鲁士蓝染色、电子显微镜观察、体外MRI示踪及活体移植后体内MRI示踪。体外1.5T及4.7TMR扫描对象分为5组,分别为5×105个标记后培养1d的细胞、5×105个相同时期未标记的细胞、提取标记细胞后的含铁培养基、相应的无铁培养基及蒸馏水。扫描序列包括轴面T1WI、T2WI及T2WI,并在4.7TMR仪上测量标记细胞的弛豫率R2及R2的变化。结果(1)该方法标记神经干细胞的有效率为100%,普鲁士蓝染色证实了每个标记细胞胞质内有多少不等的蓝染铁颗粒。(2)体外1.5T及4.7TMRI显示,标记细胞同未标记细胞相比,T1WI信号强度平均上升分别为20.53%及24.06%,T2WI信号强度平均下降分别为40.78%及50.66%,T2WI信号强度平均下降46.57%及53.70%。1.5TMRI上标记细胞的信号改变在T2WI与T2WI之间差异无统计学意义(F=3.06,P>0.05),而T2WI及T2WI与T1WI之间差异均有统计学意义(F=6.5,P<0.05)。(3)4.7TMRI测量未标记细胞和标记细胞的T2分别为516ms及77ms,其弛豫率R2分别为1.94s-1及12.98s-1;T2分别为109ms及22.9ms,其弛豫率R2分别为9.17s-1及43.67s-1。(4)标记细胞活体移植1周后行1.5TMR检查,见移植部位在T2WI及T2WI上呈显著低信号,而对照侧未见低信号。结论该方法标记神经干细胞简单高效,标记细胞弛豫率R2及R2明显提高,并能采用1.5TMRI对标记细胞进行活体内外示踪研究。     

低浓度超顺磁性氧化铁标记兔骨髓间充质干细胞的体外磁共振成像研究

目的:以浓度为25μg Fe/ml的超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子(SPIO)体外标记兔骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs),并探讨1.5 T核磁共振仪成像的特征和成像所需最低标记细胞浓度,以及在标记后1 d、1周、2周、3周、4周的信号变化特征。方法:分离、纯化、培养兔BMSCs并以25μg Fe/ml的SPIO培养液浓度标记,对标记后不同时间的细胞行普鲁士蓝染色和台盼蓝拒染后显微镜观察,并进行MR成像,测量不同序列下不同浓度标记细胞管的信号强度,以确定扫描敏感序列及成像所需最低标记细胞浓度;再测量不同细胞浓度不同时相信号强度,来观察信号强度随时间变化的规律,并进行统计学分析。结果:浓度为25μg Fe/ml的超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子标记BMSCs的有效率接近100%,普鲁士蓝染色见细胞浆内有大小不等的蓝染铁颗粒,且在标记后4周内细胞仍具有活力,标记后的BMSCs在T2WI、尤其是GRE(T2*WI)序列信号明显降低;并且细胞浓度越高信号降低越明显,GRE序列MR成像的最低细胞浓度为5×104/ml。当标记细胞浓度为5×104/ml时,信号在T2*WI序列的降低2周后失去统计学意义;而在细胞浓度为5×105/ml时,标记3周后,信号在T2*WI序列的降低才失去统计学意义。结论:25μg/ml铁浓度标记干细胞不仅标记效率高,而且对细胞生长及增殖活力无明显影响,标记后MR信号改变与干细胞数目及标记时间相关。     

经脾移植SPIO-PLL标记的诱导后大鼠胰岛素分泌细胞及MR示踪研究

目的 超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒及多聚左旋赖氨酸复合体(SPIO-PLL)标记诱导后的大鼠胰岛素分泌细胞,移植入正常大鼠脾,应用1.5 T MR仪进行活体成像,为胰岛素分泌细咆移植后的活体示踪提供依据.材料与方法将大鼠骨髓间质干细胞(BMSCs)体外诱导成胰岛素分泌细胞,SPIO-PLL标记细胞.10只受体大鼠分二组,每组5只.将标记后的胰岛素分泌细胞(标记组)和未标记的胰岛素分泌细胞(未标记组)分别移植入脾.各组分别于移植前、移植后5天、10天、14天及21天对脾进行T1WI、T2WI、T2*WI三个序列MR扫描,观察脾信号改变情况,在T2*WI序列测量移植部位脾信噪比(SNR),与各时间点脾组织切片普鲁士蓝染色对照.结果 与移植前相比,标记组脾移植部位SNR值明显降低,差异有统计学意义(F=182.92,P<0.05),但移植后各时间点SNR值差异无统计学意义(Bonferroni法,P>0.05).未标记组脾移植前后SNR值差异无统计学意义(F=0.98,P>0.05).脾组织切片普鲁士蓝染色显示标记组染色阳性部位沿注射针道分布,与MRI信号降低区域基本一致.结论 SPIO-PLL可以有效标记诱导后大鼠胰岛素分泌细胞.临床应用型1.5 T MR仪可对经脾移植的标记细胞进行活体示踪.     

GFP转基因胎鼠神经干细胞的体外磁标记及MRI

目的 探讨超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒(superparamagnetic iron oxide, SPIO)标记绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein, GFP)转基因胎鼠神经干细胞(neural stem cells, NSCs)后对其生物学特性的影响及标记后MR成像效果.方法 采用多聚赖氨酸PLL(0.75 μg/ml)介导SPIO(25 μg Fe/ml)的方法标记GFP转基因胎鼠NSCs,用普鲁士蓝染色观察标记后NSCs内铁,比较标记和未标记NSCs的GFP表达、活力、增殖、凋亡及多向分化能力,并对标记的NSCs行MRI.结果 普鲁士蓝染色示标记NSCs胞质内见大量蓝色颗粒.标记与未标记细胞的活力、增殖、凋亡及多向分化能力经单因素方差分析后均显示2组细胞间无统计学差异(P值均＞0.05).MRI示1×105个/0.5 ml细胞管在T2*WI中可见明显低信号改变.结论 用PLL介导SPIO标记GFP转基因胎鼠NSCs是一种可行、安全、有效的细胞内标记方法.1.5T MR仪能够在体外观察到标记后的细胞,以T2*WI序列最为敏感.     

磁标记大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞活体内移植后向肝癌细胞趋向性迁移的研究

目的 探讨磁标记大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)活体内移植后对大鼠肝细胞癌的趋向性迁移及其机制.方法 培养大鼠BMSCs,超顺磁性氧化铁粒子标记.制备大鼠肝癌模型24只,数字表法随机分为3组:实验组(n=12)经脾植入磁标记的BMSCs;对照组A(n=6)移植未标记的BMSCs;对照组B(n=6)不作任何处理.分别于移植前及移植后1、3、7和14 d行MR扫描,选用T_2*WI序列进行移植细胞的示踪并测量肿瘤组织与正常肝组织的信号强度的比值(SI/SI*),结果行单因素方差分析;取肿瘤组织、瘤旁正常肝组织行普鲁士蓝染色,分析BMSCs在体内的分布并与MR对照.结果 BMSCs的磁标记率为90%以上.移植后实验组T_2*WI显示肿瘤信号强度值明显减低,移植前及移植后1、3、7和14 d的SI/SI*值分别为3.18±0.21、1.98±0.20、2.38±0.28、2.70±0.25及3.16±0.24,差异有统计学意义(F=56.65,P<0.05);与移植前相比,1、3、7 d肿瘤信号强度的减低有统计学意义(t值分别为1.20、0.79、0.48,P值均<0.05).对照组移植前后各SI/SI*值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).免疫组织化学显示实验组肿瘤边缘及内部有大量监染的普鲁士蓝阳性细胞分布,标记细胞在肿瘤内的分布与MR信号改变基本一致.对照组肿瘤组织普鲁士蓝染色均为阴性结果.结论 BMSCs在活体内对肝癌细胞有明显的趋向迁移特性,有望成为基因治疗肝细胞癌的载体.     

磁性标记的小胶质细胞在大鼠脑内的MR示踪

目的 探讨超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒(SPIO)标记的小胶质细胞在正常大鼠及阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠体内移植后,MR活体示踪的可行性.方法 以日本血液凝集病毒包膜(HVJ-E)为标记载体,将SPIO标记的小胶质细胞经颈内动脉注入正常大鼠(5只)及AD大鼠动物模型(5只)体内,3 d后应用7.0 T MR行T2*序列扫描,并与脑组织切片组织化学染色结果对照.结果 在正常大鼠脑内,MRI可见数个点状的信号改变区,这些信号改变区散在地分布在脑内各处,脑组织切片显示铁颗粒标记细胞位置与信号改变部位一致.MRI能够检测到由数个标记细胞引起的信号强度的改变.在AD大鼠模型脑内,MRI可见β-淀粉样蛋白42(Aβ42)注射区信号强度明显下降,信号改变区面积较大.与之相比,生理盐水注射区信号改变的强度及面积均不如Aβ42注射区改变明显.Aβ42注射区的标记细胞数为(454±47)个/mm2,明显高于生理盐水注射区的标记细胞数(83±13)个/mm2(P<0.05).结论 MRI可作为一种非侵入性检测手段在活的动物体内追踪标记细胞,在AD细胞水平的治疗中具有一定临床应用前景.     

Magnetic resonance imaging detects differences in migration between primary and immortalized neural stem cells

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The study was performed to evaluate the effect of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent (super paramagnetic iron oxide [SPIO]) on differentiation and migration of primary murine neural stem cells (NSCs) in comparison to a neural stem cell line (C17.2). Because detection of labeled cells depends on the concentration of SPIO particles per imaging voxel, the study was performed at various concentrations of SPIO particles to determine the concentration that could be used for in vivo detection of small clusters of grafted cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Murine primary NSCs or C17.2 cells were labeled with different concentrations of SPIO particles (0, 25, 100, and 250 mug Fe/mL) and in vitro assays were performed to assess cell differentiation. In vivo MRI was performed 7 weeks after neonatal transplantation of labeled cells to evaluate the difference in migration capability of the two cell populations. RESULTS: Both the primary NSCs and the C17.2 cells differentiated to similar number of neurons (Map2ab-positive cells). Similar patterns of engraftment of C17.2 cells were seen in transplanted mice regardless of the SPIO concentration used. In vivo MRI detection of grafted primary and C17.2 cells was only possible when cells were incubated with 100 mug/mL or higher concentration of SPIO. Extensive migration of C17.2 cells throughout the brain was observed, whereas the migration of the primary NSCs was more restricted. CONCLUSIONS: Engraftment of primary NSCs can be detected noninvasively by in vivo MRI, and the presence of SPIO particles do not affect the viability, differentiation, or engraftment pattern of the donor cells.     

肾功能衰竭大鼠超顺磁性氧化铁标记骨髓间充质干细胞肾脏移植MR活体示踪的研究

目的应用磁性氧化铁纳米粒子和多聚左旋赖氨酸（poly-L-lysine，PLL）的偶联物Fe2O3-PLL标记大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs），MR活体示踪经肾动脉移植入肾功能衰竭（简称肾衰）大鼠肾脏的标记细胞。方法制备Fe2O3-PLL，分离、纯化并培养大鼠骨髓MSCs，Fe2O3-PLL标记细胞，普鲁士蓝染色显示细胞内铁。肌内注射甘油所致肾衰的大鼠分为2组，分别经左肾动脉移植入标记细胞（6只）和未标记细胞（5只），移植后即刻及第1、3、5、8天应用MRI对移植细胞进行活体示踪，并与肾脏组织切片普鲁士蓝染色和HE染色对照。结果MSCs的Fe2O3-PLL标记率近100％，普鲁士蓝染色显示蓝色铁颗粒位于MSCs胞质内。标记细胞移植后肾衰大鼠肾脏皮质区信号强度明显下降，T2＊WI信号改变最明显，而肾髓质及肾盂信号较细胞移植前无明显变化，信号改变随着时间的延长逐渐减轻一直持续到移植后第8天。组织学分析见绝大多数标记细胞分布于肾皮质肾小球内，与MRI信号改变区域基本一致。未标记细胞移植后未见肾脏信号改变。结论Fe2O3-PLL可以有效标记大鼠骨髓MSCs，临床应用型1．5T磁共振仪可对经肾动脉移植入肾衰大鼠肾脏的标记细胞进行初步活体示踪。     

An experimental study on MR imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with SPIO marked endothelial cells in a rabbit model

Purpose:

To investigate how to label macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and trace SPIO with MR imaging.

Materials and Methods:

Atherosclerotic lesions of a rabbit model were induced by a combination of high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet and subsequent endothelial abrasion of the abdominal aorta. SPIO particles were pretreated with poly‐L‐lysine. SPIO nanoparticles and SPIO‐labeled human endothelial cells (ECV‐304) were IV injected into model animals, respectively. The MRI scans and histopathological examination were performed 12 h and 24 h after the injection. The imaging and histopathological data were analyzed.

Results:

Prussian blue staining of the vessel specimens indicated that SPIO particles were not found in the atheroma but in the Kupffer's cells of the liver after SPIO injection. However, the accumulation of SPIO particles in the atheroma was confirmed in animals received SPIO‐labeled endothelial cell transplantation. The best quality MR scan sequences of rabbit abdominal aorta were T₂WI fat suppression, T₁WI, and DIR series, on which of MR image had a higher quality. Signal loss of the original incrassate plaque in the vessel wall on T₂WI was found in 6 of 10 animals received SPIO‐labeled endothelial cell transplantation.

Conclusion:

SPIO‐labeled endothelial cells were superior to SPIO for MR imaging of atherosclerotic plaques. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Clinically applicable labeling of mammalian and stem cells by combining superparamagnetic iron oxides and transfection agents

PURPOSE: To label mammalian and stem cells by combining commercially available transfection agents (TAs) with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three TAs were incubated with ferumoxides and MION-46L in cell culture medium at various concentrations. Human mesenchymal stem cells, mouse lymphocytes, rat oligodendrocyte progenitor CG-4 cells, and human cervical carcinoma cells were incubated 2-48 hours with 25 microg of iron per milliliter of combined TAs and SPIO. Cellular labeling was evaluated with T2 relaxometry, MR imaging of labeled cell suspensions, and Prussian blue staining for iron assessment. Proliferation and viability of mesenchymal stem cells and human cervical carcinoma cells labeled with a combination of TAs and ferumoxides were evaluated. RESULTS: When ferumoxides-TA or MION-46L-TA was used, intracytoplasmic particles stained with Prussian blue stain were detected for all cell lines with a labeling efficiency of nearly 100%. Limited or no uptake was observed for cells incubated with ferumoxides or MION-46L alone. For TA-SPIO-labeled cells, MR images and relaxometry findings showed a 50%-90% decrease in signal intensity and a more than 40-fold increase in T2s. Cell viability varied from 103.7% +/- 9 to 123.0% +/- 9 compared with control cell viability at 9 days, and cell proliferation was not affected by endosomal incorporation of SPIO nanoparticles. Iron concentrations varied with ferumoxides-TA combinations and cells with a maximum of 30.1 pg +/- 3.7 of iron per cell for labeled mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSION: Magnetic labeling of mammalian cells with use of ferumoxides and TAs is possible and may enable cellular MR imaging and tracking in experimental and clinical settings.     

In vivo MR tracking of mesenchymal stem cells in rat liver after intrasplenic transplantation

PURPOSE: To prospectively track in vivo in rats intrasplenically transplanted stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic particles by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the institutional Committee on Animal Research. Liver damage in 12 rats was induced with subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Intrasplenic transplantation of 6x10(6) rodent bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with (n=6) and without (n=6) superparamagnetic particle Fe2O3-poly-L-lysine (PLL) labeling was performed via direct puncture. Cell labeling efficiency was assessed in vitro by using Prussian blue stain and an atomic absorption spectrometer. MR examinations were performed immediately before and 3 hours and 3, 7, and 14 days after transplantation. Liver-to-muscle contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) on T2*-weighted MR images obtained before and after injection were measured and correlated with histomorphologic studies. Statistical analyses were performed by using repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Rat BMSCs could be effectively labeled with approximately 100% efficiency. Migration of transplanted labeled cells to the liver was successfully documented with in vivo MR imaging. CNRs on T2*-weighted images decreased significantly in the liver 3 hours after injection of BMSCs (P<.05) and returned gradually to the level achieved without labeled cell injection in 14 days. Histologic analyses confirmed the presence of BMSCs in the liver. The labeled cells primarily localized in the sinusoids of periportal areas and the foci of CCl4-induced liver damage. Quantitative analysis of Prussian blue-stained cells indicated gradual decrease of dye pigments from 3 hours to 3, 7, and 14 days after injection. No free iron particles were found in the interstitium or within hepatic microvessels. CONCLUSION: The rat BMSCs could be efficiently labeled with Fe2O3-PLL and the relocation of the labeled cells to rat livers after intrasplenic transplantation could be depicted at in vivo MR imaging.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞磁标记及MR成像研究

目的应用菲立磁．多聚左旋赖氨酸复合物标记大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞，探讨MR成像显示磁标记干细胞的可行性。方法制备菲立磁-多聚左旋赖氨酸复合物。分离培养Wistar大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞，以菲立磁-多聚左旋赖氨酸复合物标记干细胞。分别于标记后24h及1、2、3周行普鲁士蓝染色观察细胞内铁，台盼蓝排除试验检测细胞活力。应用1．5TMR仪，以SE序列T1WI、T2WI和梯度回波（GRE）序列T2＊WI行磁标记干细胞成像。结果普鲁士蓝染色显示细胞质内大量铁颗粒存在，标记率100％；随细胞分裂增殖，细胞内铁颗粒逐渐减少。干细胞磁标记后24h及1、2、3周的台盼蓝拒染率分别为91．00％、93．00％、91．75％和92．50％，与未标记细胞相比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。10^3、10^4、10^5个磁标记干细胞T2WI信号降低分别为63．75％、82．31％、91．92％，T2＊WI信号降低分别为68．24％、83．01％、93．94％。10^5个干细胞磁标记后24h及1、2、3周T2＊WI信号降低分别为93．75％、75．92％、41．75％、8．83％。结论应用菲立磁-多聚左旋赖氨酸复合物标记大鼠间充质干细胞安全、有效；T2＊WI对磁标记干细胞的显示最敏感；MR信号改变与干细胞数目及分裂增殖状态相关。     

Tracking of neural stem cells in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage by the use of 3T MRI.

OBJECTIVE: To access the feasibility of clinically available 3T MRI to detect the migration of labeled neural stem cells (NSCs) in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethics committee of our institution approved this study. ICH was induced by the injection of collagenase type IV into the right striatum of ten Sprague-Dawley rats. Human NSCs conjugated with Feridex (super-paramagnetic iron oxide: SPIO) were transplanted into the left striatum one week after ICH induction. MRI was performed on a 3T scanner during the first, second, third, fourth, and sixth weeks post-transplantation. MRI was obtained using coronal T2- and T2*-weighted sequences. Two rats were sacrificed every week after in vivo MRI in order to analyze the histological findings. RESULTS: ICH in the right striatum was detected by MRI one and two weeks after transplantation without migration of the NSCs. There was no migration of the NSCs as seen on the histological findings one week after transplantation. The histological findings two weeks after transplantation showed a small number of NSCs along the corpus callosum. On MRI three weeks after transplantation, there was a hypointense line along the corpus callosum and decreased signal intensity in the right periventricular region. Histological findings three weeks after transplantation confirmed the presence of the hypointense line representing SPIO-labeled NSCs. MRI four and six weeks after transplantation showed a hypointense spot in the right periventricular region. The histological findings four and six weeks after transplantation showed the presence of prominent NSCs in the right periventricular region. CONCLUSION: 3T MRI can detect the migration of NSCs in rats with ICH along the corpus callosum. Therefore, 3T MRI could be feasible for detecting the migration of NSCs in the clinical setting of stem cell therapy.