布氏田鼠肥满度的研究

用体重与体长立方的比值作为肥满度,布氏田鼠雌、雄性肥满度间无显著性差异;越冬鼠的肥满度显著高于当年生鼠。季节变化趋势:越冬鼠肥满度存季较高,夏季降低;当年生鼠春季较高,夏季降低,秋季又增火,这种趋势反映了布氏田鼠的能量分配对策。种群数量上升与下降年份,布氏田鼠肥满度亦存在显著性差异。这种表示啮齿类身体状况的肥满度,可作为预测种群数量变动的一项指标。     

布氏田鼠综合防制的研究

综合防制布氏田鼠是一项复杂的牧业生态工程。退化草原是布氏田鼠生存的最适宜环境,已经退化的草原应在短期内禁牧,或采用围栏、补播、浅耕翻等措施,使草原尽快恢复生产力,造成不适宜布氏田鼠栖息的环境;平时应对主要害鼠种群数量和群落演替情况进行监测,为防制提供依据;一旦发生鼠害,及时用抗凝血杀鼠剂灭鼠,把鼠密度控制在不足为害的程度;并保护和招引鼠类天敌,禁止对天敌滥捕滥杀。     

布氏田鼠活动距离的研究

1985年5～10月,在内蒙古干草原上,采用标志流放法,研究了布氏田鼠的活动距离。共标志2786只,捕捉3608次。结果发现,25m以内为该鼠经常的活动距离,但有年龄、性别和季节上的差异。     

抗凝血杀鼠剂防制布氏田鼠的研究

用几种抗凝血剂对布氏田鼠作了毒力测定,大隆慢性LD_50为0.061±0.03mg/kg,杀他仗急慢性LD_50分别为0.87±0.24和0.24±0.13mg/kg;氯敌鼠急慢性LD_50分别为4.88±3.23和0.75±0.42mg/kg,氯鼠酮钠盐急慢性LD_50分别为1.88±0.75和0.20±0.03mg/kg,杀鼠迷慢性LD_50为7.50±4.36mg/kg。应用不同浓度大隆、杀他仗、氯敌鼠、氯鼠酮钠盐和杀鼠迷作了现场防制试验,灭鼠效果均较好。在目前我国尚未出现抗性鼠的情况下,不宜用第二代抗凝血剂防制草原害鼠。     

布氏田鼠种群动态预测初报

本文对布氏田鼠种群数量的年际动态和季节动态作了初步分析,并根据雌鼠怀孕率、雌鼠亚成比和性比三项种群特征,提出预测布氏田鼠种群动态的三个短期(2～4个月)方程式。     

布氏田鼠种群趋势预报指标的研究

布氏田鼠种群季节消长为单峰型,年际动态没有周期性。通过分析该鼠繁殖特征、生活史特征及种群结构,提出了5个对预测种群数量动态趋势有价值的指标,即:4月下半月越冬田鼠的怀孕率;4月下半月越冬鼠平均胴体重:越冬鼠春季(4～5月)平均胎仔数:5月下半月当年生鼠占种群的比例;当年生鼠开始繁殖的时间。同时对该鼠种群数量波动机制进行讨论。     

布氏田鼠对溴敌隆的敏感性测定

目的测定布氏田鼠对抗凝血灭鼠剂溴敌隆的敏感性,为检验该鼠的抗药性提供参数。方法实验室单鼠笼养无选择摄食试验：雌雄分开,随机分组,按5个不同食毒期供给浓度为0.0005%的溴敌隆毒饵;用Bliss计算机程序,计算不同食毒期与对应死亡率之间的关系。结果布氏田鼠对溴敌隆的敏感性性别之间差异无统计学意义（Pb〉0.05,PLFP50〉0.05）;雌雄数据合并计算,得毒力回归线y=3.35＋4.81x,LFP50和LFP99及其95%置信限分别为2.20（1.88～2.58）d和6.71（4.48～10.05）d。结论按世界卫生组织推荐的以致死99%敏感靶标鼠种的食毒期（LFP99）取整天数作为抗药性检验标准,布氏田鼠摄食浓度为0.0005%溴敌隆毒饵10d存活即为抗性鼠。     

河北省布氏田鼠寄生蚤的调查

目的 了解河北省鼠疫的传播媒介，给今后制定鼠疫防制对策提供科学依据。方法 对1989-2005年间河北省康保和沽源牧场的鼠疫监测资料进行统计。采用夹日法捕获布氏田鼠，单只装袋，带回实验室收集其鼠体寄生蚤；人工挖掘布氏田鼠洞，将其巢垫物及巢内表层浮土单独装入鼠口袋，置熏鼠桶熏死成虫后，收集巢蚤，鉴定布氏田鼠寄生蚤和巢蚤的种类及构成。结果 共发现寄生蚤3科9属15种，二齿新蚤是布氏田鼠的主要寄生蚤，其次为光亮额蚤等似亚种、宽圆纤蚤、方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种。结论 河北省有8种蚤是我国可以自然感染鼠疫菌的蚤类。     

棉酚对雄性布氏田鼠的不育作用

目的测定室内条件下棉酚对布氏田鼠的不育效果。方法采用一次性定量灌胃法测定该药对试鼠精子品质及睾丸、附睾组织的作用。结果棉酚可对精子细胞和精母细胞造成损害,并损伤睾丸组织。剂量在20～100mg／kg时,睾丸和附睾脏器系数明显下降;高于20ms／ks的剂量导致精子密度下降、精子畸形率明显增加;剂量高于60mg／kg对布氏田鼠有致死作用。结论20～100mg,kg剂量的棉酚对雄性布氏田鼠有明显的抗生育效果,且高剂量的棉酚对布氏田鼠有致死作用。     

不同投饵处理对布氏田鼠的灭杀效果及防治成本分析

目的比较2种药剂及投饵量对布氏田鼠的灭杀效果以及灭杀成本。方法2007年8—9月在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟阿尔善地区，设4种不同毒饵处理方法，计算不同处理的灭鼠效果及成本。结果（1）氯敌鼠钠盐毒饵平均灭杀效果62．11％，比溴敌隆毒饵（50．26％）高11．85％。（2）使用氯敌鼠钠盐毒饵量为1600g/hm2，可有效控制布氏田鼠且防治成本较低。（3）投放氯敌鼠钠盐毒饵区未发现天敌的二次中毒。结论从灭杀效果、防治成本及安全性考虑，氯敌鼠钠盐仍是一种相对高效经济的化学防治手段，实际灭鼠工作中可以大规模投入使用。     

山东省保健食品消费现状及影响因素分析

目的了解山东省保健食品消费现况和影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,在山东省4个城市抽取586名保健食品消费者进行保健食品消费状况调查。结果广播电视是消费者获得保健食品知识的主要途径;产品说明书和标签是消费者购买保健食品的主要依据;消费者倾向购买的保健食品功能和剂型分别为：补充营养素、免疫调节、改善记忆;口服液、胶囊、茶等。多因素分析表明,家庭人均月收入高者、对保健食品信任程度高者及保健食品知识了解程度好者其保健食品消费水平较高。结论家庭人均月收入、对保健食品的信任度、保健食品知识的了解程度是影响消费者保健食品使用的重要因素。     

北京高校大学生保健食品消费现状及影响因素

目的 了解北京市高校大学生保健食品消费现状及其影响因素,为引导保健食品的消费与开发、加强对高校学生营养保健知识培训提供科学依据。方法 随机抽取北京市10所高校465名学生进行自填式问卷调查。结果 54.4%的大学生在大学期间曾经或正在服用保健食品,其中54.1%保健食品年消费金额<200元;消费种类主要是补充维生素和矿物质（49.0%）、增强免疫力（22.0%）和补脑类（12.0%）;多因素分析表明,相信保健食品功效（OR=2.610,95%CI=1.050~6.485）、比较相信保健食品功效（OR=2.013,95%CI=1.206~3.359）、有家人服用保健食品（OR=3.779,95%CI=2.114~6.753）对自身保健食品消费意愿有明显影响。结论 北京市高校>50%的大学生有消费保健食品经历,浏览保健信息的频率、对保健食品功效的态度以及家人或同学是否服用是北京市高校大学生保健食品消费的重要影响因素。     

Managing routine food choices in UK families: the role of convenience consumption

The paper explores the meaning of convenience food for UK mothers, investigating the relationship between mothers and their families' food. The study examines the role of convenience food within the food strategies of contemporary UK families, and aims to elicit consumption meanings in the broader social context of family relationships with food, their rituals, routines and conventions. The findings reveal convenience has multiple meanings for UK women, and that convenience food has been incorporated into reinterpreted versions of homemade and "proper" meals. A hierarchy of acceptable convenience food is presented by the mothers, who tackle complex and conflicting family routines by introducing convenience solutions. Rules of eating have evolved, yet remain essentially controlled by the mother in terms of nutrition. While the traditional model of "proper" food remains aspirational, contemporary family lifestyles require that convenience food become part of the equation.     

Determinants of non-home-prepared food consumption in two low-income areas in Nairobi

OBJECTIVE: Street foods are an important source of nutrients for poor urban residents. This study aimed to identify determinants of the proportion of daily energy provided by non-home-prepared foods. METHODS: A survey was conducted in a slum and a low- to middle-income area of Nairobi. The survey included 241 men and 254 women. Through a structured questionnaire, data on demographic and socioeconomic factors were collected and food intake was assessed with three standardized 24-hour recalls. A measure of socioeconomic status was constructed with principal component analysis. RESULTS: For women in the slum area, the presence of school-age children and distance to work were determinants of non-home-prepared food consumption, whereas employment status and distance to work were determinants for men in the slum area (P < 0.05). Having their own income and, for those employed, employment status were determinants for women in the low- to middle-income area, whereas socioeconomic status was the determinant for the men (P < 0.05). In the slum area, most non-home-prepared foods were derived from street foods, whereas in the low- to middle-income area, both kiosks and street foods were important sources of non-home-prepared foods. CONCLUSIONS: In the determinants of non-home-prepared energy consumption, we discerned a pattern from rather basic determinants to determinants of a more complicated nature with increasing socioeconomic level of the groups. Furthermore, a shift from street foods to kiosks as the main source of non-home-prepared foods consumed appeared with increasing socioeconomic levels.     

Update on common indicators of nutritional status: food access, food consumption, and biochemical measures of iron and anemia

This paper presents some of the most commonly utilized indicators to assess food and nutritional status. With respect to the indicators reflecting food access, those addressing poverty as well as food consumption are included. In addition, a variety of serum biochemical measures for the estimation of iron nutritional status and anemia are discussed; it is recommended that some of these be adjusted to account for sex, age, physiological status, and altitude above sea level.